01You're not going to get caught stealing a thing?
Will be Oh! The accumulation of lipid in the lysosomal can lead to a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and lysosomal storage disease. Recently developed optical nano-sensors can noninvasive measurement of the accumulation of lipid in the internal lysosomal enzyme, and found that high-fat diet can cause liver macrophages in the fat content increased, even after the return of a normal diet will continue.
What did you eat, it was all looked at! The abnormal accumulation of lipid in the lysosomal (Endolysosome) is related to the disease of lysosomal storage, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and drug-induced excessive phospholipid. However, the present method is not able to detect the lipid content in the internal lysosomal enzyme, which hinders the progress of the related research.
However, recent studies from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have changed the situation. The researchers developed a carbon nanotube optical reporter that could be ingested by the lysosomal enzyme, and used its near-infrared fluorescence to detect non-invasive lipid accumulation in the lysosomal body.
This method is equivalent to "light up" the lipid in the inside of the mouse, allowing us to ' see ' the accumulation of lipids in the living body, and to facilitate subsequent research. Studies in Niemann-pick disease, atherosclerosis, and NAFLD mice showed that lipids did accumulate in the inside lysosomal. Studies in NAFLD mice have further found that high-fat diets/Western diets (Western Diet, WD) can cause lipid increases in the liver macrophages, and long after the standard diet (standardized chow, SC) is restored, these fats are ' feuds ', with only small
Partially restored to normal state. Of course, this technique is mainly used in mice, but in case the fat of Heaven and man can be measured ... Oh!
That my national day in the middle of the night eat cake, fried chicken, kebab, not to be you know!
02Can a bit of fat still be healthy and long?
No! Research from Australia found that the fatter the more short-lived. According to more than 10,000 Australian 20~69岁 adults, 20~29岁 's healthy weight of men and women is estimated to live 57 years and 59.7 years. The life expectancy of overweight persons is shortened by about 3.3 years; The life expectancy of obese/severely obese people is estimated to be female 5.6~7.6 years old, male 8.1~10.3 years old.
Among them, compared with women, men's life loss of more than 27.7%. The impact of obesity on longevity is needless to say, from Lancet to JAMA, where obesity increases the risk of death and shortens life expectancy.
International Journal of Obesity, a leading journal of Obesity, has published a study that further increases the risk of death by gaining weight and finding that men are more dangerous than women! The study included 12,000 20~69岁 adults in the 2014/15 Australian National Health Survey, which were estimated based on gender, age-related BMI changes, and BMI-related mortality risk.
Among them, health/low-weight BMI is defined as The results showed that the remaining life expectancy of 20~29岁 males was about 57 years (95%CI 56.7~57.4 years), while females were 59.7 years (59.4~60.0 years), and they were good physique to live to seventy or eighty years old.<25kg/m2 (单位下略) , 超重为25≤BMI<30, 肥胖为30≤BMI< 35, 严重肥胖为BMI≥35.
Overweight, obese and severely obese young men and women, their remaining life expectancy is shortened in turn, the real fatter the more short-lived. The days of the fat men are rather difficult. The researchers, in particular, use the only color in the entire article to show the ' life-loss ' table, categorized by gender, age and obesity, with a deep malice towards the fat Man. Among them, ' the fatter the more short-lived ' or a irrefutable truth, after adjustment, the different obese degree of men and women due to obesity and shortened life expectancy in 3.6~7.7 years, 4.2~10.5 years.
Men are more miserable and have a life loss of 27.7% more than women. Fat, in the land of Australia each year will cause 36.6 million years of life loss, is not a person can live a few years of the problem! Therefore, the authors emphasize the importance of overweight/obesity prevention and control, especially for young men.
The authors suggest that the results of this study can be used flexibly-to throw the ' life-loss ' watch to them!
03is subclinical hypothyroidism useful?
Useless! A meta-analysis published in JAMA included 21 randomized controlled studies involving 2192 people. It was found that, compared with placebo, thyroid hormone therapy was associated with a decrease in the average tsh (tsh) value to the normal reference range, but had nothing to do with the general quality of life or thyroid-related symptoms. The overall risk of bias in this analysis is low and the quality of evidence is moderate to high.
Current studies do not support the routine use of thyroid hormone therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, many of them undergo thyroid hormone therapy. But is this treatment useful?
A recent meta-analysis published on JAMA shows that while taking thyroxine can restore normal levels of TSH to these patients, it has nothing to do with their quality of life or the improvement of thyroid-related symptoms. The study resulted in a total of 21 randomized controlled trials involving 2,192 subclinical hypothyroidism patients. After 3-18 months of treatment with standard thyroid hormone, the tsh of these patients does return to normal range (4.6~14.7miu/l vs 0.5~3.7miu/l).
However, this treatment is not related to the quality of life, thyroid-related symptoms, depression, cognitive function, systolic pressure, BMI. Therefore, the author concludes with an analysis that: ' most subclinical hypothyroidism patients do not require thyroxine replacement therapy.
' Although, the ATA/AACE2012 guidelines indicate that for TSH in 4.5~10miu/l, patients with hypothyroidism may consider thyroxine replacement therapy; ETA2013 guidelines also point out that for patients under the age of 70, TSH 4.5~10miu/l below, the patient with hypothyroidism can also consider treatment. However, these guidelines also admit that the evidence for these recommendations is limited and that the so-called hypothyroidism is not actually specific.
In addition, studies have suggested that this treatment is not only ineffective, but may also pose additional risks, such as the risk of new atrial fibrillation or fractures. The first author of this article, Martin Feller of the University of Bern in Switzerland (Universit?t Bern), suggested that ' patients with TSH levels above 10miu/l may need treatment, but I would like to have randomized clinical trials to provide sufficient evidence to confirm this. '
' National Day during the scorching study: eat will be fat, fat will die early!
