Facility agriculture refers to a modern agricultural method that uses engineering methods to efficiently produce animals and plants under relatively controllable conditions. It is understood that in countries with less arable land such as Israel, the Netherlands, and Japan, the development of facility agriculture is very Rapidly and effectively solved the problem of lack of agricultural products caused by insufficient cultivated land. At present, China's agricultural production is facing transformation and upgrading, 'developing facilities agriculture, can fully support the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy, solve moderate management, who will plant land, and foundation. Weakness, shortage of resources, etc., achieving the goal of urban-rural synchronization, rural prosperity, peasant prosperity, and agricultural development. Promoting the development of agricultural science in facilities is crucial to helping rural revitalization strategies and developing modern agriculture. Engineer, researcher Qi Fei said, 'At present, the total amount of China's facility agriculture is declining, regional profitability, regional losses, and regional relative benefits decline. Therefore, China's facility agriculture must be high-quality, high-efficiency, green. The demand for transformation is very urgent. 'In this situation, the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy may be Will send a 'Ganlin' for the development of China's facility agriculture.
Facilities agriculture urgently needs subsidies 'moisturizing'
Facility agriculture can adapt to the organizational form and mechanism from large to small, which is in line with the current stage and process of agricultural development in China. Taking Beijing as an example, according to statistics, in the first half of 2018, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Beijing was 10.59 billion. Yuan, down 18% year-on-year; urban modern agricultural structure optimization efficiency improvement, greenhouse, greenhouse output value accounted for 97.6% of facility agricultural output value, up 0.8 percentage points year-on-year.
However, with the emergence of a new wave of introductions, due to the lack of coordinated research and development of market demand and enterprise demand, China and foreign developed countries have developed a sharp contrast. Qi Fei said: 'At present, the overall development level of China's facility agriculture is not high, mainly In the first place, China's facility agricultural mechanization level is lower than the comprehensive mechanization level of major crops; second, labor efficiency is not high, the Dutch per capita greenhouse management area has reached 5,000 square meters, while China's per capita is only 600-1000 square meters; third is production The labor cost is high, and the labor cost of the enterprise production mode is still about 60% of the total cost. Fourth, the resource utilization rate is low, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is low, the waste is not effectively treated, and the environmental protection pressure is high. The contradiction between rural demand and actual development provides great potential for the development of facility agriculture.
Since the implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy in 2004, China's agricultural mechanization has achieved rapid development. 'Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is a policy of benefiting farmers. Since the implementation of the agricultural industry for 15 years, the peasants have gained a sense of gains. Li Wei, deputy director of the Department of Production and Development of the Department of Management, said that it is undoubted that the inclusion of facility agriculture in the scope of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies will be of great benefit to stimulate its development potential. At the same time, the development of facility agriculture also urgently needs the support of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy. In this regard, Li Wei believes that the future direction of the national agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is: On the basis of adhering to the subsidies for the protection of field crops, the development of equipment subsidies and subsidies to the facility agriculture subsidies, which is also the inherent demand for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery. '2016— In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Finance organized Zhejiang and other 10 provinces to carry out pilot subsidies for the purchase of new agricultural products. It was fully recognized by the purchasers, production and marketing enterprises and the provinces. After two years of exploration and practice, it has accumulated certain Management experience, 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Finance issued the "about further 2018-2020 agricultural machinery new product purchase subsidies The Notice of Pilot Work will further expand the scope of the pilot to the whole country. At present, 35 sub-items in 16 provinces have been filed, and the second batch of pilot items will be filed in November this year. 'Li Wei introduced, '2018 The facility agriculture greenhouse frame is officially included in the scope of subsidies for the two agricultural and financial sectors. In 2018, it can be described as the facility's agricultural subsidy 'first year'. ' Subsidy types include single plastic greenhouse GP-C622, single plastic greenhouse GP-C825, single plastic greenhouse GP -C832, multi-story steel frame greenhouse GLP622, multi-story steel frame greenhouse GLP832 and glass multi-span greenhouse.
Zhejiang to build facilities agricultural subsidies 'template'
Li Wei mentioned that this year's subsidy support for facility agriculture is mainly considered from five aspects: First, facility agriculture is becoming an important industry to gradually promote rural revitalization; second, agricultural machinery purchase subsidies have reached a new stage of transformation and upgrading. New stage In the middle, the subsidies for traditional machinery and equipment have matured. In this respect, there is no need to spend too much energy. At present, there is time and energy to increase subsidies for facility agriculture, especially in terms of funds. Third, pilot subsidies through Zhejiang and other provinces. The subsidy risk is controllable, and the subsidy process is also standardized. Fourth, the division of central and local fiscal responsibility has been formed within the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The implementation of facility agricultural subsidies is mainly based on central finance. The fifth is the gradual unification of top-level design and industry management. The latest remarkable result of institutional reform is that one thing is managed by one department, and the situation of multiple management does not exist. Therefore, the management of facility agriculture will accelerate from 2018. Among them, the remarkable effect of the pilot subsidy program for Zhejiang Province is formulated for China. Promoting facility agricultural subsidies provides good experience.
Li Wei introduced in detail the specific practices of Zhejiang Province as a pilot area for subsidies for facilities and agriculture. According to reports, Zhejiang Agricultural Machinery Bureau commissioned Zhejiang Complete Set Tendering Agency Co., Ltd. in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, respectively, to negotiate competitively. The choice of the way to determine the finalists in the greenhouse enterprises, which 2010, 2011 is effective for the current year, the number of short-listed enterprises are 14 and 23 respectively. 2012, 2015 is valid for three years, the number of short-listed enterprises are 59, 58. In this regard, Li Wei emphasized that since the subsidy policy is a guiding policy, it is necessary to guide scientific and technological progress, and at the same time it tends to have technical content. Therefore, it is not intended to support the small and medium-sized bone sheds. 'Zhejiang puts strict requirements on the qualifications and construction process of bidding enterprises. At that time, there were nearly 60 companies bidding. This figure is capable of forming a certain bidding relationship. The bidding process is completely open and transparent. 'Li Wei said, 'In the past few years, Zhejiang Province implemented the facility agricultural subsidy, the two departments did not receive Any complaint about unfair subsidies. '
In Zhejiang Province, for the qualification requirements of bidding enterprises, domestic enterprises with independent legal person qualifications and registered capital of 5 million yuan or more must have the professional and technical personnel strength and professional technical ability necessary for the products of the bidding section of the contractor. The technical requirements of the bidding section are independently designed, produced and installed; the production, business premises and relevant certification materials necessary for fulfilling the contract are required. At the same time, the “supply commitment letter” provided by the enterprise must clearly identify the product quality, after-sales service, and the highest sales. Price and other requirements; in the same period, enterprises are required to give free insurance with a full insurance period of not less than one year; the company clearly abides by the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, and the enterprise provides uniform facility certificate, signage and instructions for use. For this requirement, Li Wei said: 'The construction of facilities agriculture, it is forbidden to engage in image engineering, face engineering, the government will give support if there is demand, but the government can not make a big package. The subsidies for facility agriculture should be scaled and conducive to supervision. The core of the policy is still Ensuring food security. As we all know, Shouguang suffered from floods some time ago, causing local facilities and agriculture. Huge losses. In this regard, the government subsidized greenhouses to have the perfect disaster prevention and disaster protection, greenhouse facilities requires a certain professional level. '
The subsidy standard for the development of facility agricultural greenhouses in Zhejiang is subsidized according to the square meter. The subsidies for the greenhouses built in 2015-2017 follow the 2014 subsidy standard. According to the two categories of grain, oil, vegetables and other industries, the sheds are subdivided. There are 16 subsidies for the sunshade, that is, 16 subsidy standards. The subsidy type is 6 subsidy standards for single plastic greenhouses, the subsidy amount is 6-8.5 yuan/square meter; the multi-story plastic greenhouse has 8 subsidy standards, and the subsidy amount is 20-30 yuan / square meter; glass multi-span greenhouse has 2 subsidy standards, subsidy quota of 300 yuan and 240 yuan / square meter. 'The total measurement of subsidy standards does not exceed 30%.' Li Wei stressed.
In Zhejiang Province, in response to the requirements for the area to be replenished, the single-plastic plastic greenhouses built in underdeveloped areas will be built with a total area of 5,000 square meters, and other areas will be built with 20,000 square meters. The economically underdeveloped steel-framed greenhouses will be built in 2000 square meters. Miqibu, other areas concentrated on the construction of 5,000 square meters; the glass-lined greenhouse used as the rice breeding center has a supplementary area of 150 square meters; other industrial nursery centers, the starting area of 500 square meters. In this regard, Li Wei explained The various greening and refining facilities used for rice planting and breeding are not restricted. The main reason is that China's agricultural production is still the main goal of ensuring food security.
The application process for facility agriculture subsidies in Zhejiang Province is relatively simple, including: county-level preliminary examination, provincial bureau verification, and on-site verification. Among them, the county-level preliminary examination is divided into two times in May each year and before the end of October, and the provincial agricultural machinery is submitted in the name of the Agricultural Bureau. Bureau; Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau checks the main body of the project, the construction area, and reports to the implementation county and the municipal agricultural bureau in the form of provincial bureau documents; on-site verification is carried out by the county-level agricultural machinery and finance departments after the completion of the project construction, subsidies If the funds are more than 500,000, the municipal level will participate in the confirmation.
In Zhejiang Province, the other steps of subsidies for greenhouses are the same as those for subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery. Since 2014, subsidies for greenhouses have not been written separately, and subsidy applications have also entered the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy system for online operations.
Large-scale subsidies are expected after 2020
The overall situation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, the pilot situation of agricultural machinery new product subsidies, and the pilot situation of facility agricultural subsidies, these three situations are progressive relationships. Li Wei introduced that agricultural machinery purchase subsidies are a benefit-agricultural policy, and its reform and innovation will be reflected in Two aspects: First, ensure the decisive role of the market, continue to open subsidies, ensure farmers voluntarily choose machines; ensure farmers purchase their own machines, and guarantee farmers' choice of autonomy and space; quota subsidies, the total subsidy ratio does not exceed 30%. Farmers need to make big heads when purchasing machines to ensure the efficiency of machine tools. Facilities agriculture subsidies should also be carried out in accordance with this principle.
'In the next step, the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy will be transformed and upgraded to the facility agriculture on the basis of stable Daejeon Machinery. The subsidy policy will be relatively stable in the next few years. At present, China's agricultural mechanization should be fully advanced, although the current facility agriculture accounts for a relatively small proportion. The subsidy space is very large. For facility agriculture, the problem to be considered is not that the subsidy funds are spent, but not enough. 'Li Wei said, 'At present, the agricultural machinery purchase subsidies are mainly aimed at mature products that have been promoted and applied. Some agricultural machinery innovation products can not meet the qualification conditions of subsidized machines in a short period of time, and the contradiction of farmers 'thinking that they can't use them' is becoming more and more prominent. The subsidy for facility agriculture will become one of the effective measures to solve this contradiction. 2020, facility agriculture Expected to usher in large-scale subsidies. '
At the same time, Li Wei put forward two hopes for future agricultural subsidies. First, I hope that enterprises can actively participate in the pilot program of facility agriculture subsidies, standardize implementation, operate in good faith, and strictly adhere to the bottom line. Second, the Planning and Research Institute facilities and facilities agriculture branches must Actively assume industry responsibility, play a leading role in policy announcements, standard revisions, upgrade implementation evaluations, third-party acceptance checks, and bridges between enterprises and authorities.