This article will introduce several typical energy storage battery technologies, and at the same time, sort out the advantages and disadvantages of each type for your reference.
Ternary lithium battery
The ternary lithium battery, also named ternary lithium polymer battery, refers to the use of Li(NiCoMn)O 2Battery technology as an anode. This is the first most successful lithium battery technology, widely used in the mobile electronics and electric vehicle industries. Typical manufacturers are Samsung, LG Chem, Panasonic, etc. The ternary lithium battery has a cycle life of over 3,000. Cycle. Its energy density ranks first among all lithium battery technologies, around 250kwh/m3.
Safety is the main bottleneck of ternary lithium technology. Since the first Samsung battery explosion accident in 2016, the safety risk of ternary lithium battery has been discussed. Due to the unstable structure of the anode polymer, the chemical solution in the working battery The increase in temperature and pH will lead to the potential risk of producing natural gas, which will eventually lead to an explosion. In China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has stopped using ternary lithium batteries in electric vehicles and large-scale storage projects. Currently targeting ternary lithium The safety risks of battery technology are already being investigated in detail. The ban still applies until the investigation is completed.
Lithium iron phosphate battery
Lithium iron phosphate battery, abbreviated as LFP, refers to the lithium battery technology using LiFePO4 as the anode. Since it was first established by NTT (Japan) in 1996, it is recognized as the safest lithium battery technology. The typical manufacturer is Ningde era. BYD, billion latitude and so on.
LFP has a long life of more than 3,500 cycles. It ranks first in all lithium battery technologies. The energy density of LFP batteries is around 200kwh/m3. LFP also shows the advantages of fast charge/discharge response. The minimum charge time for deep LFP batteries is about 2 hours. As shown in the table below, it can maintain nearly 100% capacity in short-time discharge operations. This good operating characteristics make LFP an ideal technology for fast response systems. Such as frequency control.
Lead carbon battery
Lead carbon technology is a new generation of lead-acid battery technology. It combines the characteristics of supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries. The typical manufacturer is Nandu Power, Shuangdeng and so on.
The lead carbon battery combines a carbon material (C) having a double electric layer capacitance characteristic with a sponge lead (Pb) negative electrode to form a lead carbon dual function composite electrode (referred to as a lead carbon electrode) having both a capacitance characteristic and a battery characteristic. The lead carbon composite electrode is then assembled with the PbO2 positive electrode to form a lead carbon battery.
The cycle life of a lead-carbon battery at 100% discharge depth is 3200, and the cycle life at 80% discharge depth is 2,500 cycles, which is much higher than that of a conventional lead-acid battery (the cycle at 80% discharge depth is about 1200) This cycle life is close to ternary lithium and LFP technology.
Another major advantage of lead-carbon batteries is their low cost for large systems. The total price of lead-carbon batteries is less than half that of lithium batteries. Considering that battery investment is a key part of the commercial BESS system, this can significantly reduce the payback period. It is also a consideration for the choice of lead carbon. Compared with lithium batteries, the chemical reaction of the cathode and anode of lead carbon batteries is mild and slow, which makes it a safer technology.
The minimum charging time for lead-carbon batteries at 100% discharge depth is about 5 hours, which is more than twice that of lithium batteries. When fast discharge response is required, the discharge performance of lead carbon is lower than that of LFP, and lead-carbon is not suitable for rapid reaction systems. , such as frequency control systems. But for arbitrage systems that do not require frequent and fast operation, lead carbon technology can meet the demand.
