China's vigorous development of new energy vehicles is based on energy conservation and environmental protection. However, if the recycling of new energy vehicles and the reuse of power batteries are not done well, it will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. Recently, with The Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling and Utilization of New Energy Vehicles' Power Battery and the Interim Provisions on the Management of the Sources of Recycling and Utilization of New Energy Vehicles' Power Battery are officially implemented. China has built a power battery product's source, which can be traced, the node can be controlled, and the responsibility can be The research and control system has realized the traceability management of the life cycle of each power battery. At the same time, China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as 'China Steam Center') has also started the recycling and dismantling of scrapped electric vehicles. The establishment of technical standards for enterprises.
However, at present, there are still many problems in the recycling of new energy vehicles. The system is gradually being established and improved. In the future, what are the specifications for the recycling of power batteries? How is the development of the scrapping and dismantling standards for new energy vehicles? In this regard, The reporter recently interviewed the relevant person in charge of the research team of the power battery recycling management policy of the Data Resource Center of the China Automobile Center.
Recycling enterprise development fast-track utilization is still in the exploration stage
For the current status of China's power battery recycling industry, Chen Ping, deputy director of the Data Center of China National Automotive Center, said: 'At present, the number of decommissioned power batteries in China is still small, and the recycling industry is in the early stage of development. China's new energy vehicles are assembled in the early stage. Most of the batteries are lithium iron phosphate batteries, followed by ternary batteries. Currently, the market decommissioned batteries are mainly lithium iron phosphate batteries, while lithium iron phosphate batteries contain less precious metal elements, so the recycling value is not high, but because of high safety. , long service life and other characteristics, suitable for the use of ladders; ternary batteries contain nickel, cobalt and other scarce metals in China, the value of recycling is higher.
In 2009, China launched a ten-city project to promote new energy vehicles. From 2009 to 2012, a total of 17,000 new energy vehicles were promoted. After 2013, new energy vehicles entered the stage of large-scale promotion and application, and as of June 2018, cumulative production It has reached 2.2 million vehicles, accounting for nearly 50% of the world's total output. China has become the world's largest producer and seller of new energy vehicles. As a core component of new energy vehicles, power storage batteries have also increased in volume, as of June 2018. The cumulative assembled power battery exceeds 103GWh.
Relevant experts comprehensively calculate the company's warranty period, battery cycle life, vehicle use conditions, etc. These batteries will enter the stage of large-scale decommissioning by 2020, and it is estimated that by 2020, the total will exceed 200,000 tons (24.6GWh). % can be used for ladder utilization calculations, and about 60,000 tons of batteries need to be scrapped.
Usually, when the remaining capacity of the power battery on the new energy vehicle is reduced to 70%~80% of the initial capacity, it will not meet the requirements of the vehicle, and it will enter the decommissioning phase. The recycling of the decommissioned power battery includes two aspects: step utilization and resource recovery. At present, the use of power storage batteries is generally optimistic in the field of energy storage. However, if the performance of power storage batteries cannot be used for ladder utilization, they will be dismantled, recycled, and recycled. Waiting for metal.
From the perspective of industry development, Chen Ping believes that the recycling enterprises are developing rapidly. A group of typical enterprises represented by GEM, Bangpu, Huayou Cobalt, Guangdong Guanghua, and Zhangzhou Haopeng have already had relatively mature waste power. Battery recycling technology has formed a batch of recycling capacity; the use of ladders as a new thing is still in the exploratory stage. At present, China Railway Tower has carried out large-scale practical application in the field of communication base station energy preparation, and some enterprises such as State Grid and BYD are storing energy. Some experimental projects have been carried out in other fields.
Follow-up management direction has been clear
At present, the management system for power battery recycling has been introduced one after another, which has played a very good guiding role in the development of industry standards. However, there are still many problems in the power battery recycling industry still to be standardized. Chen Ping believes that there are currently three major problems that need to be addressed. : First, the rapid sorting and reorganization of decommissioned power batteries, performance evaluation, residual value evaluation and other ladder utilization technologies are insufficient in the industry, and lack of standardized support; second, the current cost of storage and dismantling of decommissioned power batteries is relatively high, yet The scale effect is formed. Under the lack of incentive policy support and mature market-oriented mechanism guarantee, the economic recovery of power battery is not high. Third, new energy vehicles, power storage batteries and comprehensive utilization enterprises have not yet formed an effective cooperation mechanism. In the construction of recycling service outlets, the degree of resource sharing in the industry chain is not high, and the recycling channel construction is relatively slow.
At present, China's power battery recycling management framework has been basically completed, and has achieved stage results. Regarding the direction of the next step of management work, Chen Ping believes that it mainly includes the following aspects.
First, improve supporting policies and measures. The competent government departments further study the incentive policies and measures for recycling and utilization of power batteries, effectively promote the solution of the recycling of power batteries for new energy vehicles; establish traceability information comparison verification mechanism; issue product identification and standardization management Measures to regulate the use of decommissioned battery ladders; encourage social capital investment or set up industrial funds, and explore market-based models such as power battery residual value transactions.
Second, do a good job in pilot work. Relevant departments in the pilot areas should strengthen coordination and coordination, and carry out centralized recycling and standardized utilization of waste power storage batteries.
The third is to strengthen technical research and standard system construction. Guide automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, comprehensive utilization enterprises and other in-depth cooperation, promote the cooperation of 'production, study and research', strengthen the efficient disassembly of power batteries, residual value assessment, ladder utilization and price Research and development of common technologies and equipment for high-efficiency metal extraction. At the same time, accelerate the research and project of relevant standards for recycling and utilization of power batteries, and lead the industry to accelerate technological upgrading.
Fourth, increase publicity and guidance. Strengthen the promotion of policies and regulations for all relevant entities involved in the recycling of power batteries, promote the awareness of corporate responsibility; give full play to the role of the media, create a good social public opinion environment; actively guide the public to participate in the new Recycling of energy vehicle power batteries, standard transfer of power batteries.
New energy vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises to be standardized
In addition to the development specifications in the field of power batteries, vehicle scrapping and dismantling enterprises also need to be standardized.
It is understood that the 'heart' of new energy vehicles is different from traditional engines. The detachment of decommissioned batteries will cause great safety problems. In addition, if it is improperly handled during recycling, disassembly and disposal, there may be a fire explosion. Electrolyte leakage, organic emissions and other issues.
Then, what qualifications do you need to engage in the recycling and dismantling of new energy vehicles? Can companies that are engaged in the recycling and dismantling of traditional scrap cars be directly qualified to dismantle electric vehicles?
Li Longhui, Minister of Recycling and Utilization Department of Data Center of China Automobile Center, said that scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling enterprises should meet the Technical Specification for Waste Vehicle Recycling and Dismantling Enterprises (GB22128), "Administrative Measures for the Recycling of Scrapped Vehicles" (Order No. 307 of the State Council), etc. Requirements, such as revisions to standards and policies, substitutions, new preparations, etc., should meet the latest release policies and standards. New energy vehicle dismantling has greater technical differences than traditional vehicles, therefore, in order to adapt to the development of new energy vehicles Demand, the relevant departments are currently revising the "Technical Specifications for the Recycling and Dismantling of Scrapped Vehicles" and the "Administrative Measures for the Recycling of Scrapped Vehicles", and further researching relevant standards such as the technical requirements for dismantling new energy vehicles, and further clarifying the recycling of new energy vehicles. Solve the company's access, homework and other requirements.
In addition, the comprehensive utilization of power battery enterprises should meet the requirements of the “Standard Conditions for the Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Energy Storage Battery for New Energy Vehicles.” The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will strengthen supervision of comprehensive utilization enterprises by issuing a list of enterprises. And other standard management. 'Li Longhui added.