The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in China will soon usher in a concentrated retirement period. Market research institutes released data that the number of discarded batteries in China is about 12,000 tons in 2016, and this number is expected to surge by 2020. Up to about 248,000 tons. Waste power battery concentration 'decommissioning' brings a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to fulfill this 'revenue'. Immature technology, non-standard treatment, and inadequate supervision may all erode the development dividend. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
'Retirement tide' brings power battery recycling industry opportunity period
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Committee released a message saying that in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transportation capacity, the city's franchised bus vehicles have all achieved pure electrification. By 2020, Shenzhen will also realize 100% electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of China's new energy vehicle production and sales. Since 2014, China's new energy vehicle market has shown rapid development. By the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a concentrated retirement period in the next few years. 'We believe that after 2018, the scale of domestic decommissioned power batteries will rise rapidly. 'International Economic and Technical Cooperation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Center assistant researcher Bai Wei said.
The recycling of used power batteries is of great significance: on the one hand, it can improve the recycling level of battery raw materials, on the other hand, it can avoid the potential harm caused by waste power batteries to people and the environment.
A person in charge of a new energy automobile manufacturing company told the reporter that it is different from the lead-acid batteries that used to contain heavy metals and poisonous and harmful batteries. The lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles have relatively small environmental hazards, such as copper, cobalt and lithium in batteries. Metal has a high economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, the waste power battery will be favored by recycling companies. 'Lithium batteries are all treasures, not afraid of no one to deal with.'
'Economic account' can not be simply counted, beware of industrial opportunities and social problems
——Industrial technology is not mature and squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, senior engineer of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, believes that at present, the judgment criteria and testing technology of power battery decommissioning can use the residual value evaluation technology of battery, automatic disassembly and material of single battery. Key technologies such as sorting technology are not mature enough. Some battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to calculations, the traditional battery power recycling enterprise, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not profitable. Instead, it may lose money.
——The risk of explosion and pollution caused by improper handling of lithium batteries. Zhang Zheming, assistant researcher of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that lithium batteries are relatively environmentally friendly, but it does not mean that they will not harm humans and the environment during the treatment process. When the battery is worn to a certain extent or after a collision in transit, a short circuit may occur, which may easily cause the battery to explode.
——The lack of supervision of some battery flows may lead to 'bad money expelling good money'. Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Railway Tower has built 57 decommissioning battery ladder utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. At present, it has been expanded to 12 provinces and cities, and more than 3,000 test sites have been built, covering various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak-cutting valley filling, and micro-grid. However, Bai Hao reminds that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling. Enterprises. These companies sell some batteries to other users, such as low-speed electric vehicles, electric toy manufacturers, etc., through simple disassembly.
It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
First, speed up the development of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the “Code for the Dismantling and Disassembly of Vehicle Power Batteries” was implemented. Another important standard, “Recycling and Residual Energy Testing for Vehicle Power Batteries” also It will take effect on February 1, 2018. However, some details still plague related companies, and experts call for more detailed and detailed standards. Research shows that, for example, transportation of used batteries, if transported according to hazardous waste standards, not only cross Provincial transportation will take a long time to approve, and requires special vehicle transportation, the cost will be multiplied.
Secondly, the professional recycling enterprise alliance takes the lead to further integrate the recycling network. Battery recycling involves many links of consumers, dealers, car companies, etc. It requires a lot of manpower and material resources. If different companies establish their own recycling systems, it will cause redundant construction. , affecting the efficiency of recycling. Zhang Zheming, Bai Hao and other experts have suggested that under the premise of the producers to assume extended responsibility, mainly rely on professional waste battery recycling enterprises, the association is led by the widely recognized association, the alliance to establish a national unified recycling network.
Third, establish a battery code traceability system to strengthen supervision of violations of laws and regulations. Ge Jianping, an associate professor of the School of Humanities and Economics at China University of Geosciences (Beijing), suggested that the mandatory standards for power battery codes should be established as soon as possible, and a database of power batteries should be established. Industrial letters, industry and commerce, environmental protection, etc. The department must form a joint force of supervision, and it must be resolutely punished for small workshops that recycle and dispose of power batteries in violation of laws and regulations. (Half-month talk)
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China's high-capacity energy storage battery research has made a major breakthrough: bid farewell to high pollution
China Science and Technology Network·Science and Technology Daily reporter learned from Nankai University that China’s research on high-capacity energy storage batteries has made significant progress. The team of academician Chen Jun used organic bismuth substances as positive electrodes to develop high-capacity, high-discharge frequency water-based zinc for the first time. The battery also made it possible for us to bid farewell to the highly polluting water-based lead-acid battery. The research results have been published in the latest issue of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science Progress.
With the increasing utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy, the development of low-cost, high-performance rechargeable energy storage batteries has become the world's pursuit target. Zinc is inexpensive, with a theoretical capacity of up to 820 mAh per gram, and has good water. Compatibility and stability, suitable for large-scale production applications, so the application of rechargeable water-based zinc batteries is promising. However, the development of water-based zinc batteries has been plagued by the problems of less choice of cathode materials and slower kinetics of zinc deintercalation.
Organic terpenoids are ubiquitous in nature. Researchers have discovered more than 2,400 species of mites from plants, fungi, marine animals and insects. Development of new organic ruthenium-based electrode materials based on non-deintercalation reaction mechanisms and multi-electron transfer It is of great significance to improve the capacity and cycle stability of zinc battery.
At present, electroactive ruthenium electrodes generally use organic electrolytes. According to similar compatibility principles, ruthenium compounds are easily dissolved in organic solvents, causing problems such as loss of active materials and short battery life. Academician Chen Jun has been working on organic steroids for many years. Electrode materials are designed, prepared and applied. They use electrolyte modification, polymerization, salinization, loading, etc., which not only improve the capacity retention of the anthracene, but also apply the terpene compound as a positive electrode to the water-fillable system through reasonable structural design. Zinc battery, for the first time, achieved a specific capacity of 335 mAh per gram, the voltage difference between the charge and discharge platform was as low as 70 mV, the energy efficiency was as high as 93%, and after 1000 cycles, the battery capacity retention rate was still 87%, and the battery cycle stability was achieved. It is comparable to inorganic electrode materials. The organic water zinc battery developed by the team can provide an energy density of 220 watt-hour per kilogram, far exceeding the commonly used water-based lead-acid battery, which is equivalent to the current commercial lithium-ion battery. It has the advantages of high energy density, safety and reliability, low cost, green environmental protection, etc. It is also a major factor for future electric vehicles, large-scale energy storage, etc. It provides a new choice.
