In order to promote the development of environmental science and technology and improve the quality of service environment, on June 2nd, the 7th China Environmental Institute Directors' Forum on the theme of 'New Era Ecological Civilization Construction and Environmental Science and Technology Innovation' was held at Nanjing International Conference Center.
At the meeting, Gao Jixi, the leader of the National Ecological Protection Red Line Defining Work Technology Group and the Director of the Ecological Protection Red Line Technical Expert Committee of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, proposed that the ecological red line is the largest ecological protection project in China's history. He also detailed Explain who should be delineated by the ecological red line, how to manage practical problems in specific practice.
Why do you plan the ecological protection red line?
Gao Jixi believes that the ecological protection red line refers to the area with special important ecological functions within the ecological space and must be strictly protected. It is the bottom line and lifeline for safeguarding and maintaining the national ecological security, usually including important water conservation, biodiversity. Maintenance, water and soil protection, wind and sand fixation, coastal ecological stability and other functions of ecological function areas, as well as soil erosion, land desertification, rock desertification, salinization and other ecologically sensitive areas.
Gao Jixi introduced that the ecological red line delineation is the largest ecological protection project in history. On the one hand, the planned area is relatively large. On the other hand, the functions and elements of protection are also relatively large.
From 2000, China proposed the delineation of the ecological red line, and it was applied in many places in the country in 2011. During the period, it experienced many difficulties. In 2011, the State Council’s No. 35 document wrote the ecological red line. The latest “Environmental Protection Law” actually experienced A very complicated process, the Standards Division also went to Nanjing to do research.
Why is the ecological red line? At the national level, the red line of ecological protection reflects the will and determination of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to protect the ecological environment. The red line of ecological protection is basically divided into four categories, the first is deepening reform in the central government. The task clearly stated that the second category was adopted by the provincial reform group, the third category was proposed in the government's important documents, and the fourth category was presented in many documents.
On February 25 last year, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the overall planning work of Beijing City, pointing out that it is necessary to use the environmental carrying capacity as a hard constraint, determine the upper limit of the total population, and delineate the ecological red line and the urban limit boundary.
In order to implement the task of delineating the red line, the red line for ecological protection has also been proposed in the major national planning, especially the 13th Five-Year Plan, Provincial Spatial Planning 4.0, etc.
The most important point in delineating the red line of ecological protection is to start from the country's major decision-making. The red line of ecological protection has risen to the height of the law. It has also been mentioned before that the newly revised Environmental Protection Law proposes to implement the ecological protection red line. Ecological protection, the national security law also proposes to delineate the red line of ecological protection. Delineating the importance of the ecological protection red line to the party and the state is reflected in the legal level.
In addition, why the Party Central Committee is concerned about the delineation of the red line, which is mainly based on the correct judgment of China's national conditions of ecological protection.
Gao Jixi said that China's current ecological environment is very fragile. Compared with the world average, China's per capita resource share is much lower, and the number of endangered animal and plant resources is increasing, the population is decreasing, the existing environment is polluted by industry, agricultural development, etc. The factors are seriously affected, and it is very necessary to resolutely implement the ecological red line.
How to divide?
Gao Jixi believes that the current protection cannot be protected in a point-like manner. It must rise to regional protection, including water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, and other ecologically important areas, as well as soil erosion and land desertification. Equal area.
Gao Jixi introduced that the characteristics of the ecological protection red line can be summarized into five aspects. The first is the key area of ecological protection. From the national level or from most provinces, it basically accounts for 80%, but the ecological red line is finally demarcated. The area down is basically about 30%, and it will not even exceed 30%. Therefore, the ecological red line must be the most important area in the ecological protection space and the bottom line for maintaining national ecological security.
Second, to a certain extent, there is space irreplaceability. The protected objects and spatial boundaries are relatively fixed and irreplaceable. For example, we emphasize that Qinghai is the water tower of the Chinese nation. We cannot develop this and protect it elsewhere. For example, giant pandas Have to live in Sichuan, Gansu, can not be placed in Beijing to protect.
Third, it has a very important economic and social support, so special emphasis is placed on ecological. Everyone wants to protect the ecology, protect animals, protect plants, and protect biodiversity. But this is not the case. The role of ecological protection It must be sustainable economic and social development.
The fourth is management rigor, because the ecological protection red line, since it is an extremely important part of the ecological space, is crucial for the development of future generations. Therefore, management must be strictly controlled and cannot be developed. If the ecological red line is to be For development, we have no way to explain to future generations.
Fifth, it is the basic framework of the ecological security pattern. Generally speaking, although many ecological protection areas, forest parks, etc. have been established in China, there is no ecological pattern that can ensure the national ecological security and sustainable economic and social development. In this situation, we hope that through the delineation of the ecological red line, the original ecological protection sites will be superimposed to form an ecological pattern that can guarantee the national ecological security. (China United Daily News)
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Major public projects should also avoid ecological red lines
In order to better protect the ecological environment, the Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department issued a Notice on the Relevant Matters Concerning the Red Line of Ecological Protection for Construction Projects (hereinafter referred to as 'Notice'), which requires the municipal environmental protection bureaus to strictly observe the ecological protection red line. Strictly implement the review procedures for ecological protection red line construction projects, and strengthen the planning environmental impact assessment.
The notice pointed out that the ecological protection red line must be strictly adhered to. The municipal environmental protection bureaus must firmly establish the bottom line awareness, and take the ecological protection red line as an important basis and precondition for relevant comprehensive decision-making, and fulfill the protection responsibility. In principle, according to the requirements of the prohibited development area. Management, all kinds of development activities that do not conform to the main function positioning are strictly prohibited. It is strictly forbidden to change the use arbitrarily, and to prevent the irrational development and construction activities from destroying the ecological protection red line area.
The notice emphasizes that for major public and infrastructure construction projects such as roads, railways, oil and gas transmission, rail transit, power transmission and transformation, and water transfer, in the site selection and selection phase, the municipal environmental protection bureaus should notify the construction unit in advance, and the project should try to Avoiding the ecological protection red line area. For the above-mentioned construction projects that are restricted by natural conditions and cannot avoid the ecological protection red line area, each city should notify the construction unit to start the work of crossing the ecological protection red line area in the preparation stage of the environmental impact report. The relevant items must meet the requirements. Relevant laws and regulations on the management of ecological protection red lines. Major public and infrastructure construction projects within the above-mentioned scope approved by the municipalities, each city must strictly comply with the national and provincial standards for ecological protection red lines, and cross the ecological protection red line area. The environmental impact assessment document of the construction project and the ecological protection red line special chapter will be reviewed, promoted simultaneously, and synchronized.
The notice requires that the municipal environmental protection bureaus implement the 'ecological protection red line, environmental quality bottom line, resource utilization and environmental access negative list' ('three lines and one single') constraint requirements, strengthen the review of the ecological protection red line content in the planning environmental impact assessment, planning The middle-level project should strictly abide by the red line of ecological protection and try to avoid it. It is necessary to conduct an inevitable argument for unavoidable and review it according to the rules according to the law. The conclusions and review opinions of the planning environmental assessment should be taken as an important basis for the project environmental assessment, and the ecological protection red line should be fully implemented. The management requirements minimize the environmental impact of the project planning to cross the ecological protection red line.
