Some time ago, Guangdong Province issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Innovation and Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry", proposing to allocate 300 million yuan from the special science and technology innovation strategy and economic development special projects every year from 2018 to 2020 (specifically, the actual project support amount) Subject to the major R&D projects for key components such as complete vehicles and power batteries, motors, electronic controls and intelligent terminals, fuel cell systems and core components, and key materials for power batteries; during the period, new energy vehicles will be promoted and applied. 30% of the financial subsidies will be used to support the promotion and application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and vigorously promote the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
In fact, many cities across the country have been rushing to encourage the development of the fuel cell vehicle industry.
Since the beginning of this year, many cities including Shanghai, Wuhan, Foshan and Suzhou have successively issued policies. It is reported that Datong, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Yangzhou and other places are also planning related plans.
Due to its diverse production methods, high calorific value, clean and non-polluting, and various forms of use, hydrogen energy has received more and more attention and attention worldwide. According to the Hydrogen Energy Future Trend Research Report, by 2050 The demand for hydrogen energy will increase to 10 times now. Fuel cell vehicles are expected to become one of the important application directions. However, China's promotion of fuel cell vehicles also faces many challenges, such as commercialization, industrialization process lags behind, and some key core technologies. The gap between the field and foreign countries is obvious, the industrial chain is weak, the engineering capacity is insufficient, and hydrogen production, hydrogen supply and hydrogenation systems are backward. This puts higher demands on the government to promote the development of the fuel cell vehicle industry.
Gan Yong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, once said: 'The industrialization of hydrogen energy is more complicated. It cannot be completed by market mechanism or by a single enterprise. To build an ecosystem of hydrogen energy industry, we need the government, enterprises, research institutions and other parties to work together. On the effective hydrogen energy project management mechanism, carry out the standard top-level design.
Want to seduceOn February 13, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the four ministries and commissions of the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Notice on Adjusting and Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles" to further improve the energy density threshold requirements for pure electric passenger vehicles. While reducing the subsidy standards for new energy buses and new energy special vehicles, it is clearly stated that the subsidies for fuel cell vehicles remain unchanged, fuel cell passenger vehicles are subsidized according to the rated power of fuel cell systems, and fuel cell buses and special vehicles are subsidized by quotas. .
From the incentives issued by local governments, financial subsidies for the purchase of fuel cell vehicles by units and individuals are mentioned most:
On June 20, the Chongqing Municipal Finance Bureau issued the “Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in Chongqing in 2018”. The subsidy standard for fuel cell vehicles is about 40% of the national standard for the same period;
On June 5, the Henan Provincial Department of Finance issued a notice on publicly soliciting the "Notice on Adjusting the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in Henan Province and the Replenishment Policy for Charging Infrastructure", proposing that fuel cell vehicles should be given 30% of the state subsidy standards. Promote application subsidies;
On May 29th, Xi'an issued the “Interim Measures for the Administration of Local Financial Subsidy Funds for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in Xi'an”. For the purchase of new energy vehicles (including fuel cell vehicles) by units and individuals, based on the central subsidies enjoyed, public services. Bicycles in the field (including public transport, cruise taxis, sanitation vehicles, ambulances and school buses) are subsidized by 1:0.5, and bicycles in non-public service areas are subsidized by 1:0.3.
However, at the opening ceremony of the "World Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Vehicle Industry Development Report" held by the China Automotive Engineering Society, many representatives of enterprises all proposed that fuel cell vehicles are not exactly the same as pure electric vehicles, so the relevant support policies should also be Have certain differences, do not copy and copy, to avoid the recurrence of 'cheat compensation' phenomenon.
According to the document, 'the fuel cell system reaches a rated power not less than 50% of the rated power of the drive motor or not less than 60kW, according to the central financial subsidy 1: 1 Give the city financial assistance'. Some market analysts believe that this regulation will guide the technology upgrade, and in the corresponding detection method, it is proposed that the vehicle must have fuel cell system hydrogen consumption and operation monitoring, and the monitoring data should be connected. The public data collection platform for new energy vehicles determined by the city can effectively prevent the occurrence of fraud, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry.
Or should avoid direct interventionWhen it comes to the subsidy policy for pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, industry experts have suggested that the complexity of the automotive market is unpredictable for policy makers. Therefore, direct intervention should be avoided. The tax deduction for expenses, government procurement, and targeted interest rate reduction loans are relatively soft, and the impact on market supply and demand is smaller and more secure. This principle is also applicable in the promotion of fuel cell vehicles.
It is understood that over the years, China has been deployed in key materials such as fuel cell catalysts, proton exchange membranes, carbon paper, etc., but still in the laboratory stage, product consistency and reliability are not guaranteed, such as air compressors and Although there are some samples of key components such as hydrogen reflux pump, there is no stable production capacity, and the product supply is insufficient and the price is high. At the same time, China's fuel cell vehicles have not yet formed a stable parts supply system, and the supply chain is weak and engineered. Insufficient capacity, resulting in low process quality of components, poor product consistency, insufficient reliability and durability, can not meet the requirements of large-scale production. Overall, the demonstration operation of domestic fuel cell vehicles is mainly in the field of commercial vehicles, in fuel cells The layout of passenger vehicles is still relatively small. The lack of core key components is highlighted. The industrial chain is mainly based on small and medium-sized enterprises. Although it has the characteristics of strong innovation ability and fast market response, its financial strength is weak and it is difficult to withstand sustained high-intensity investment. .
Gao Lei, Director of Business Development Department of Shanghai Remodeling Energy Technology Co., Ltd. suggested that in addition to maintaining the current fuel cell vehicle subsidy standard and ensuring that it will not return before 2020, it is recommended to provide national, provincial and municipal financial support. Level financial contribution to establish a 'policy hydrogen investment guarantee fund' to provide financial guarantee support for the industrial chain enterprises involved in the production and operation of vehicles.
Hydrogen station construction is crucialThe hydrogen energy industry is divided into four major sectors: hydrogen preparation, storage, transportation and application. Fuel cell vehicles are applications, and more than electric vehicles need to be coordinated and cross-industry chain cooperation. From this perspective, local governments for hydrogen refueling stations The encouragement and support of construction is more valuable. According to statistics, there are more than 300 hydrogen refueling stations in the world, but most of the hydrogen refueling stations are concentrated in Japan, South Korea, Europe and North America. The station is only 13 seats.
The first problem is that the construction cost is too high. This is the same dilemma faced by the global hydrogen energy industry, including Japan, which has built 91 hydrogen refueling stations. Honda’s chief researcher Shougu Longshi once said: 'In the construction of the hydrogen refueling station, We still need to explore construction costs, operating costs, installation costs, etc.
According to Wang Ju, deputy secretary-general of the International Hydrogen Energy Fuel Cell Association, under the circumstances of full consideration of safety and international versatility, a fixed 35 MPa hydrogen refueling station with a daily hydrogenation capacity of 1000 kg (10 h) is taken as an example. The investment amount is 15.9 million to 20 million yuan (excluding the cost of land and the cost of long-term hydrogen supply trailers). One of the important reasons for restricting the construction costs of domestic hydrogen refueling stations is that local equipment has not been localized and autonomous. And the number of hydrogen refueling stations is too small to achieve scale effect. '
According to estimates, if the above two major problems can be solved, the construction of the same scale hydrogen refueling station can be reduced to 12.5 million yuan.
The land cost is also unavoidable. Wei Wei, chief engineer of Furui Hydrogen, said in an interview with the China Auto News that when applying for the construction of a hydrogen refueling station, it is necessary to apply for commercial land, if it is built in a relatively cheap industrial land. On the above, the hydrogen refueling station can only hydrogenate or test the company's own products, and cannot be operated publicly.
In response to the high cost of the hydrogen refueling station, the Notice on the Reward for the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Charging Facilities issued in 2014, a one-time subsidy of 4 million yuan for the hydrogenation station that meets the requirements. However, it is said that there are not many participants. And after the end of the policy implementation period, there is no follow-up policy. Wei Wei told reporters that the country’s supplementary demand meets the daily hydrogenation requirements, and the hydrogen price is also limited, so only a few companies actually receive subsidies. In this regard, Lu Hong, an associate professor at the Automotive College of Tongji University, said that in order to improve the utilization rate of infrastructure construction, it is understandable that the state has set up subsidy standards. The number of subsidized enterprises is too small because of the small number of fuel cell vehicles at the time. Today, fuel cells The number of cars is increasing, and many governments have proposed different subsidy standards for the construction of hydrogen refueling stations, which will provide a certain degree of support and help for improving the fuel cell vehicle infrastructure.
Industry calls for regulatory regulationIn Wei Wei's view, the bigger problem that constrains infrastructure construction is not the funds, but the complexity and inconsistency of the approval process. Although many governments encourage and support the construction of hydrogen refueling stations, it is difficult to get a permit. Approved to the security assessment, environmental assessment, from the special equipment license to the qualification of the operators, the departments and institutions involved are complicated. According to her, in fact, the installation from installation to commissioning is only a few months, but due to the need for multiple layers of approval, The time leading to the construction of the hydrogen refueling station is only half a year, and it is not capped.
Gao Lei also told reporters that at present, during the construction of the hydrogen refueling station, the system of planning, project approval, approval, operation supervision, etc. is not perfect. Hydrogen is the same energy as natural gas, and hydrogen refueling stations and natural gas refueling stations are similar. However, because it is a new thing, it is urgent for the state to introduce relevant policies to regulate it.
According to Wei Wei, compared with the fixed hydrogen refueling station, it is more convenient and cheaper. The mobile hydrogenation station is illegal in China because of the “Mobile Pressure Vessel Safety Technology Supervision Regulations” issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ( TSG R0005-2011) clearly stated that, except for emergency rescue situations, it is forbidden to load and unload mobile pressure vessels, and it is forbidden to directly load mobile pressure vessels into cylinders.
She bluntly said that as long as the approval process and procedures for the hydrogen refueling station are simplified and regulated, even if there is no relevant subsidy provided by the government, many companies will be willing to carry out construction and operation.
The key is to clarify the competent authoritiesIt can be seen from the fuel cell vehicle support policies that have been issued in many places that the main problems encountered in the construction of hydrogen refueling stations are gradually becoming 'breaking ice'.
On April 12th, the government of Foshan City, Guangdong Province issued the “Procedures for Printing and Operating the Promotion and Operation of Hydrogen Energy Vehicles in Nanhai District of Foshan City (Provisional)”, and proposed: 350~ 500 kg, 500 kg or more, armored hydrogen refueling station 350 kg and above, built to be completed before the end of 2018, built in 2019, built in 2020~2022, etc., according to the gradient, respectively, subsidies of 2 million to 8 million yuan; 2018~ In 2019, subsidies of 20 yuan/kg for hydrogen gas with a sales price of 40 yuan or less for hydrogen refueling stations will be given; for 2020 to 2021, subsidies for 14 yuan/kg for hydrogen with a sales price of 35 yuan or less will be given; The subsidy for the hydrogen price of 30 yuan and below is 9 yuan / kg; in addition, the financial contribution of the hydrogen refueling station also proposes an incentive policy, specifically for the '2018~2020 award amount for its hydrogenation business value-added tax and income tax 100% of the local government's retained portion, 50% from 2021 to 2022'. On March 13, the Suzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued the "Guidelines for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Industry in Suzhou (Trial)", which will definitely increase the financial Energy industry development and technological innovation
On March 22, the country's first hydrogen transfer station approval and supervision local management measures - "Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone (Hannan District) hydrogenation station approval and management measures" officially issued, clear the location of the hydrogen refueling station The approval, management process and related regulatory functions of the whole process of construction, construction, and operation have cleared up the obstacles for promoting and accelerating the development of the hydrogen energy automobile industry in Wuhan.
On June 14, the Guangdong Provincial People's Government also issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Innovation and Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry", proposing that each hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration city should speed up the planning and construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and prepare a hydrogenation station pilot construction plan. To meet the demand for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration operation. For the hydrogen refueling station to be built in the pilot construction plan, the local construction and construction departments will handle the approval procedures such as construction, acceptance and acceptance. Encourage the refueling (gas) station and the hydrogen refueling station to be constructed. If the construction of the refueling (gas) station has been constructed, it will be exempted from planning, site selection and land use.
According to Wang Ju, the hydrogen energy development hotspots including Foshan, Rugao and Wuhan have issued guidelines for the approval process of local hydrogen refueling stations through government minutes or documents. For example, Rugao City, Jiangsu Province The competent department in charge is responsible for the NDRC, responsible for the site selection of the project. The municipal land department is responsible for the project establishment phase, and the administrative examination and approval bureau is responsible for environmental impact assessment, energy conservation review, planning approval, civil air defense approval, construction approval and completion acceptance, and the municipal fire brigade, meteorological department and residence. The bureau is in charge of fire approval, lightning protection design review and license issuance.
The most critical task is to clarify the relevant authorities. ' Wang Ju proposed.
Top design is critical
The application of hydrogen energy involves a comprehensive range of technologies. From material to transportation, hydrogenation and even the entire life cycle of the operation, a clear operational path is required. The national top-level design is particularly important. Klaus, chairman of the German National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Organization Bonhoff once pointed out: 'All goals must be deployed through policy. The state needs to actively develop standards and policies related to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Technical requirements must be clearly defined in the regulations.
Gan Yong once suggested that China should give full play to its institutional advantages and guide it from the approval of hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen production plants at the national ministries and commissions, and at the same time develop a development route with cost and user experience as the core elements, vehicles and hydrogen energy foundation. The synergistic development mechanism of the facilities, and then rely on the vehicle manufacturers and users to promote the popularization and promotion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Zhang Jinhua, executive vice president and secretary general of China Automotive Engineering Society, also said that relevant departments and agencies should vigorously promote demonstration applications, science Planning layout, establishing hydrogen energy supply system, improving standard and regulation system, improving test evaluation ability, and strengthening publicity.
Taking the construction of the hydrogen refueling station as an example, due to the limitations of the approval process issued by the local government, it is necessary to unify the 'competent department' from the national level to speed up the construction of the hydrogen refueling station nationwide. Gao Lei suggested that similar natural gas plus The management method of the station is to manage the hydrogen refueling station. Wang Ju added that in the operation and supervision of the hydrogen refueling station, it is necessary to form a unified national standard for safety supervision, quality supervision, fire protection and so on.
In the top-level design, Lu Hong believes that the understanding and strategic positioning of hydrogen energy is crucial. Although China has clearly defined hydrogen energy as an important part of the energy structure at the national strategic level, and positioned fuel cell vehicles as China. One of the mainstream directions for the development of the automotive industry, but if hydrogen is still attributed to hazardous chemicals rather than energy, not only local governments will be “respected” for the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, but also difficult to promote products in the general consumer group. And popularization.
'Only the hydrogen energy can be positioned as energy as well as natural gas. While reducing the supervision and approval of many hydrogen refueling stations, transportation and production, it will also promote the development of the industry.” Lv Hongru said.
According to reports, this year's relevant departments will combine the '13th Five-Year Plan' to scientifically evaluate the development of fuel cell vehicles from the aspects of technological innovation and industrialization, and further clarify the direction and path. Relevant favorable policies are expected to be launched within the year.
Let the power of policy play to the maximum
China has become the world's largest new energy vehicle market. This achievement is inseparable from national policy support. Among them, the longest duration, the most far-reaching impact is the new energy vehicle subsidy policy. Pure electric vehicles can be said to benefit the most. The fastest development, of course, has also encountered 'detours', which has created industry chaos to a certain extent. Therefore, for the fuel cell vehicle industry still in the 'failure period', it needs to be more scientific and more targeted. Support policy.
One of the consensus of the industry is that it should be avoided. The pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles are the same as electric-powered automobile products, but they are far from the infrastructure construction. The charging facilities have a widely distributed power grid as a support. It can be built in a relatively small space, but the hydrogen refueling station has extremely high requirements for site selection and construction. Therefore, industry experts suggest that strong and more targeted support should be provided for fuel cell vehicle infrastructure construction. Policies, especially in the standardization of the approval process.
In addition, the author believes that in view of the occurrence of the 'fraudulent' incident, the formulation of future industry policies should fully refer to and draw on past experiences and lessons, and adopt a more scientific and transparent approach. Experts have suggested that subsidy policies should be based on performance and technology. Oriented, in the formulation process, integrate argumentation, hearing, solicitation of opinions, etc., and ensure the authority of the review subject; can be included in major administrative decision-making matters, strictly implement the corresponding decision-making procedures, move decision-making, decision-making, expert argumentation, risk Specific rules such as assessment, legality review and collective discussion decisions shall be implemented; the allocation, use and supervision of subsidy funds shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the provisions of China's “Budget Law”; for the formulation of subsidy rules, the use of subsidy funds shall be strengthened. The role of supervision.
The support of industry policies is of great positive significance for the development of the automotive industry, and if the policy is more scientific, its power can be maximized.