First Financial Daily, Zhu Xiaoran
In the first half of this year, the quality and efficiency of industrial production in China increased steadily, the industrial structure continued to be optimized, the stable foundation was solid, and the kinetic energy was concentrated. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.7% year-on-year, and the industrial capacity utilization rate was 76.7%; information transmission, software And the added value of the information technology service industry increased by 30.4%.
Deputy Director of the Operation Monitoring and Coordination Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, spokesperson Huang Libin said at the press conference of the State Council Office on the 24th that the favorable conditions for high-quality development in the first half of the year increased. However, China's manufacturing industry is still in the middle and low of the industrial chain and value chain. At the end, the key core technologies and equipment are not fundamentally resolved. There are still some inconsistencies in the mid- and long-term development, and the difficulties and problems in the short-term economic operation are intertwined. The industrial economy continues to improve. Consolidate and improve.
Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, recently pointed out in his article "Seeking Truth" that China's manufacturing industry must truly take the road of high-quality development, and must turn the core technology to tackle this 'bull nose', speed up supply-side structural reforms, fill shortcomings, and strengthen Weakness, fill in the blanks, continue to promote technological innovation and industrial innovation.
Industrial production grows steadily
In the first half of the year, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.7% year-on-year. The growth rate slowed by 0.1 percentage points from the first quarter, 0.1 percentage points faster than last year, and the production growth rate was in a reasonable range.
The growth of the industry has expanded. In the first half of the year, 38 of the 41 industrial sectors have maintained a year-on-year increase in value added, with a growth rate of 92.7%. Among them, the growth rate of automobiles, tobacco, medicine, special equipment, computers, electricity and other industries is faster. , year-on-year growth rate is more than 10%.
With the elimination of excess capacity, the in-depth promotion of the work of 'zombie' enterprises, the reduction of ineffective and low-end supply, the improvement of the supply structure and the recovery of capacity utilization rate. In the first half of the year, the industrial capacity utilization rate was 76.7%, compared with the previous year. Increased by 0.3 percentage points over the same period.
At the same time, the industrial production structure is optimized, and the new kinetic energy is growing rapidly. Liu Zhe, deputy dean of the Wanbo New Economic Research Institute, told the First Financial Reporter that the industrial structure continued to be optimized in the first half of the year, and the high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry in the manufacturing industry also maintained High growth, the role of new supply to the economy is becoming more and more significant.
The data shows that in the first half of the year, the added value of high-tech industries increased by 11.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 4.9 percentage points higher than that of industrial enterprises above designated size; the equipment manufacturing industry grew by 9.2% year-on-year, and the strategic emerging industries increased by 8.7%.
The output of industrial products with higher technical content and higher added value increased rapidly. In the first half of the year, the output of new energy vehicles, smart TVs, industrial robots, lithium-ion batteries, integrated circuits, solar cells and other products increased rapidly, respectively. 88.1%, 16.9%, 23.9%, 10.7%, 15.0% and 8.6%.
The high-quality development of the manufacturing industry has also made new progress. The major national science and technology major projects such as large aircraft, nuclear high-base, broadband mobile communication, high-end CNC machine tools continue to advance, the construction of national-level manufacturing innovation centers is carried out in an orderly manner, and the industrial Internet innovation development project is launched. , Intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing projects accelerated implementation, new kinetic energy to accelerate growth, industrial supply quality and green development level continue to improve.
Data show that in the first half of the year, high-tech manufacturing investment increased by 13.1% year-on-year, faster than 6.3 percentage points of total manufacturing investment; completed industrial added value growth of 11.6%, faster than the overall industry by 4.9 percentage points, new energy vehicles, integrated circuits, industrial robots The output of other products is growing better.
Talking about the impact of Sino-US trade friction on China's industrial production, Huang Libin said that from the data of the first half of the year and the situation of local investigation, the impact on China's industry has not yet emerged. China's economy has been driven by excessive dependence on investment exports. Domestic demand support, foreign trade dependence is decreasing, there is enough market space and policy space and institutional advantages to cope with the impact of world economic uncertainty.
Strengthen core technology research
At present, China's manufacturing industry has covered 24 industry groups involved in the manufacturing industry in the international standard industry, 71 industries and 137 sub-sectors, becoming the most complete manufacturing system in the world. The added value of manufacturing industry accounts for more than the world. 1/4.
However, compared with manufacturing powers, there are still gaps in China. There are still some long-term developments in the manufacturing industry. Structural problems need to be solved urgently. In particular, we must accelerate the transformation and upgrading, and move towards the high-end of the global value chain.
The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on April 23 this year included 'strengthening key core technology research' as a key task in the supply-side structural reform. Wu Qi, a senior researcher at Pangu Think Tank, said in an interview with the First Financial Times that between the world's major countries The competition is basically the competition of science and technology. The recent Sino-US friction has further exposed some of our problems in technological innovation. One of the more prominent points is to strengthen key core technology research, strengthen original innovation, and reduce external dependence. .
Wu Qi said that strengthening key core technology research is to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises and get rid of the fundamental way of being controlled by people. It is conducive to promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and is also conducive to promoting the development of new industries, new models, new formats, and accelerating new and old. The pace of kinetic energy conversion, which is also the fundamental requirement of supply-side structural reform.
At present, the shortcomings of China's basic research are still obvious. The proportion of R&D expenditures to R&D expenditures of the whole society is close to 80%, but it is mainly used for applied technology research and development. Statistics from the past decade show that Chinese enterprises only invest in basic research. It accounts for 0.1% of the company's R&D investment, accounting for 1.5% of the national basic research investment, while the US, Japan, and EU companies account for about 20% of the basic research funding. The basic research capacity and level are not high, leading to manufacturing. Key core technologies are underdeveloped, slow progress, and poor results.
Miao Wei believes that strengthening core technology is the only way to transform and upgrade the industry. International experience shows that the manufacturing industry is going to the middle and high end, and it is fundamentally based on the innovation breakthrough of core technology. China still has a long way to go from manufacturing to a strong country. The lack of accumulation of core technologies has severely constrained the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. While China's communication equipment, high-speed rail, nuclear power and other fields can achieve rapid development, an important experience is to focus on core technologies and consistently carry out research and development.
Taking mobile communication as an example, in the 2G era, Chinese enterprises have hardly mastered core technologies and can only passively follow them; in the 3G era, China's proposed TD-SCDMA has become an important international standard, achieving a major breakthrough in core technologies from scratch; 4G In the era, China's TD-LTE has become one of the two mainstream standards in the world, and has basically achieved running with foreign companies.
Miao Wei stressed that the key to solving the short-board problem of China's manufacturing core technology is to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources in the market and to give full play to the role of the government. It is necessary to focus on the key links of the industrial chain, with key common technologies, leading technologies, modern Engineering technology, disruptive technology innovation as a breakthrough, guide enterprises to strengthen research and development and application and promotion. Give play to the decisive role of the market in technology research and development direction, route selection and various types of innovation elements, while strengthening national strategy leadership, guiding innovation elements to more investment Core technology research, and vigorously create a fair competitive market environment.
Realize the high quality development of industrial manufacturing
Since the beginning of this year, new and old kinetic energy has been continuously transformed, which has promoted the continuous improvement of industrial supply quality. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has deepened the integration of manufacturing and Internet development, promoted the widespread application of big data, cloud computing, and industrial Internet, and promoted major projects such as industrial strong base, intelligent manufacturing, and green manufacturing. Accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing.
At present, the digitalization rate of key R&D tools for key enterprises in the manufacturing industry has reached 67.4% and 48.4%, respectively. The digitalization, networking and intelligentization of the manufacturing industry have continued to improve.
Huang Libin said that it is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. Focusing on high-pollution and high-energy-consuming industries, support enterprises to implement green and intelligent upgrades. This year, more than 5,000 key energy-consuming enterprises will be implemented to implement energy-saving supervision. Focus on high-energy-consuming industries with full coverage. Strive to achieve the goal of reducing the energy consumption per unit of industrial added value by more than 18% by 2020, and the numerical control rate of key processes will reach 50%.
'Actively cultivate and strengthen emerging industries. Give play to the guiding role of industrial policies, support the rapid development of new generation information technology, energy conservation and environmental protection, high-end equipment, new materials, biotechnology and other advanced manufacturing industries. Promote the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and manufacturing depth Integration. Increase the promotion of new energy vehicles, and strive to achieve the goal of achieving 2 million production and sales in 2020. ' Huang Libin said.
Zhang Jun, chief economist of Morgan Stanley Huaxin Securities, told the First Financial Reporter that the main problems facing the Chinese economy and the next decade are the challenges of economic transformation and industrial upgrading. Given that China's manufacturing industry still lags behind developed industrial countries as a whole. The current situation, coupled with the rising labor costs caused by the aging of the population, intelligent manufacturing provides opportunities for Chinese manufacturing to bend overtaking, not only can effectively improve the production efficiency of traditional manufacturing and reduce various costs, but also help to foster and promote The development of emerging manufacturing is critical to improving the global competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.
Hu Chi, a researcher at the Research Center of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, told the First Financial Reporter that with the in-depth implementation of the strategy of manufacturing a strong country, Chinese enterprises will rely on the 'Internet +' action plan to focus on improving innovation capabilities and basic capabilities, and promote information technology and industry. The deep integration of technology, towards the industry's high-end, intelligent, green, service development, resulting in new advantages in industrial competition, thus achieving a comprehensive transformation and upgrading in technology, management, business models and other aspects.
Liu Zhe said that it should also actively create a market environment conducive to fair competition, deepen the reform of 'distribution services', promote the transformation of industrial policies and innovation, and reduce the burden on manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, we must focus on technological innovation and organizational change to accelerate the industry. The transformation and development of the agglomeration area and the promotion of excellence, fostering the development of influential and competitive advanced manufacturing clusters.