Set micro-network news (text / Xiaobei) In the integrated circuit industry, China does have a big gap with the United States. The ZTE incident also exposed our weakness, but from the starting time of the integrated circuit industry, China actually caught up. 'Early bus'.
In 1956, China proposed 'moving into science', influenced by the development of foreign electronic devices, and China, proposed to study semiconductor science, and listed semiconductor technology as one of the four national emergency measures. This is the first country perspective. In December 1965, the Hebei Institute of Semiconductors held an appraisal meeting to identify the first batch of semiconductor tubes, and first identified the DTL type (diode-transistor logic) digital logic circuit in China. At the end of 1966, at the factory Within the scope of Shanghai Component 5 Factory, TTL circuit products have been identified. These small-scale bipolar digital integrated circuits are mainly NAND gates, as well as non-drivers, AND gates, NOR gates, OR gates, and OR circuits. Etc., indicating that China has made its own small-scale integrated circuit.
The world's first integrated circuit was born in 1958 and developed by TI. Since the development of China's integrated circuit industry began in 1965, the gap with the United States has only been seven years, even earlier than South Korea. However, due to the 'Cultural Revolution' And other factors, China's integrated circuit industry is gradually ' falling behind'.
At the '2018 IC Talent Development Summit Forum', Professor Zhang Ming, Director of the Institute of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit Design of Zhejiang University, summarized the development of China's semiconductor industry: 1. China's semiconductor industry from the late 1950s to the early 1960s It started, but because of the 'Cultural Revolution' and other factors and the international advanced level opened the gap; 2, reform and opening up to the 1990s, the introduction of foreign technology: '908 project' introduction of 8-inch production line, but unsuccessful; 3, 2000, joint venture The establishment of SMIC and Hongli, and the Ministry of Information Industry issued the "No. 18 Document" of "Several Policies to Encourage the Development of Software Products and Integrated Circuit Industry", the first batch of chip design companies emerged in China. 4. In 2013, China's integrated circuit imports The amount reached US$231.3 billion, surpassing oil as the first import commodity. In June 2014, China issued the “National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Promotion Outline”, which raised the development of integrated circuits into a national strategy. At the same time, the National Integrated Circuit Industry Fund was established. Industry development enters the fast lane.
At the same time, Li Wei, vice president of CCID Consulting Co., Ltd., said that China's integrated circuit industry has achieved remarkable development. It has international competitive strength in packaging testing and chip design, but in high-end chips such as processors, analog chips, light. The gap between devices, supporting equipment materials and processes, EDA/IP and software compared with the international advanced level is still very significant. He summarized the gaps in various fields, as follows:
High-end chip CPU, solve the problem, and implement the application in a specific field, but the cost performance in the civilian market needs to be improved. In the GPU field, only Jingjiawei has a layout in China, serving special applications. FPGA, domestic Gaoyun The technical level of the company and Ziguang Guoxin is still low.
Analog chip analog chip enterprise products are concentrated in low-end and mid-range products. The gap between high voltage, high frequency, high performance and high reliability is very significant. In terms of RF devices, domestic companies are competitive in the market and device performance and international advanced. The horizontal gap is large. In terms of power electronic devices, domestic enterprises have weak overall strength except CRRC Times Electric Company.
Optical devices domestic enterprises mainly focus on low-end optical devices, more than 95% of high-end devices are imported from abroad, and the comprehensive localization rate is less than 15%. Among the top 10 optoelectronic companies in the world, only the Xunhuo Group's Guangxun Technology Company Ranked 5th, and the market share is only 5%. In the 100G optoelectronic transceiver market, the domestic market share is 0.
Equipment Materials China's equipment has achieved a single breakthrough in some varieties. Plasma etching machines, MOCVD, cleaning agents and other equipment have been localized, but there is no complete set of process capability for advanced technology. In terms of materials, China is currently 8 inches. Silicon wafer, metal target, copper plating solution, CMP slurry, chemical reagents, etc. have certain technical strength, but the technical strength is still weak in 12-inch silicon wafers, special gases, high purity reagents and other materials for advanced process technology. .
The process is still in the 28nm mass production stage, 16/14nm is still under development, and the gap with Intel is at least 3 generations.
EDA/IP domestically all design companies rely on the design tools provided by import companies.
Software China's basic software gap is large.
Professor Zhang Ming believes that the global integrated circuit industry is in a period of technological change. In the future, challenges and opportunities coexist. China's semiconductor industry is promising.
Nowadays, emerging application fields bring new impetus to the development of China's semiconductors. For example, the rapid development of the Internet of Things will bring about profound changes in the industry and the reconstruction of industrial service models and ecology; the development of artificial intelligence brings nearly 10 billion US dollars of chips. Market demand; 5G will become an important driving force for a new round of explosive growth in the industry.