This is the Dongfanghong 15 wheel tractor exhibited in the Dongyanghong Farming Museum in Luoyang, Henan. Xinhua News Agency
Sixty years ago, China's first self-produced crawler tractor, named 'Dongfanghong', was launched, which opened the curtain of China's agricultural machinery industry. It also caused major changes in China's farming methods.
In the past 60 years, Dongfanghong Tractor has been 'opening' on the renminbi, and its production has fallen sharply. It has been continuously reformed and innovated, making it cross the plan 'ridge' and entering the market 'field', in the world's top agricultural machinery enterprises. In the competition, it has continued to grow and develop. It has not only become a well-known agricultural machinery brand in China, but also has a reputation in more than 100 countries around the world.
The 60 years of Dongfanghong Tractor is an important chapter in the history of Chinese manufacturing. Reading the past sufferings and glory, glory and dreams, drawing strength from them, enlightening the road ahead, and constantly reforming and innovating, China's manufacturing industry will be determined to move forward.
Mission: Opening major changes in China's farming practices
On July 20, 1958, a tractor wearing a safflower-colored silk was opened to the factory. The workers, like the brides, followed the drums and were crowded with crowds.
This is the first tractor made by the Chinese themselves - Dongfanghong 54 crawler tractor, one year ahead of schedule. The advent of tractors has changed the way China cultivated land for thousands of years mainly depends on cattle farming.
For the advent of this first tractor, the Luoyang First Tractor Factory, which was established on October 1, 1955, has made painstaking efforts.
Luo Shiyu, Wu Jingye, Liu Shouyin and other overseas talents, carrying the dream of agricultural machinery manufacturing in New China, overcoming difficulties and returning to the embrace of the motherland. The construction team of tens of thousands of intellectuals and workers, more than 900,000 square meters in the one-to-plant area Sprinkle blood and sweat on the land.
At that time, Luoyang Industrial Foundation had only one 1500 kW power plant, a small coal mine and some dilapidated handicraft workshops. The construction of the west of the factory, except for a Luosong highway crossing, several villages dotted, all farmland, commercial The outlets are concentrated in the old town 10 kilometers away.
After the groundbreaking of the ground, tens of thousands of huge construction teams composed of intellectuals and workers sprinkled their efforts and sweat here. One tow 102 work area, 38 days to build a large 24,000 square meters factory, nearly double the work efficiency; cast steel The workshop of the August 1st Youth Furnace represents Dell's body, wrapped in a thick cotton coat, creating the longest national record for cleaning slag in high temperature furnaces.
Now 78-year-old Li Xueyi went to work in 1956. He recalled: 'At that time, there were very few cranes, dozens of tons, and hundreds of tons of large equipment. Basically, people were pulling shoulder blades and workers were sleeping. In the workshop mat, iron, steel and other raw materials come, everyone will get up and work, it can be said that one drag is entirely manual and semi-mechanized.
As the first generation of China's agricultural machinery industry, Dongfanghong 54 crawler tractors have been in the extremely difficult and high-intensity working environment during the service period of Beilong Erlongshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province, creating a record of no overhaul for 31 years. The symbol of the spirit of the wild.
In 1959, the Dongfanghong 75 crawler tractor successfully produced, the working efficiency increased by 45%, and the fuel consumption decreased by 3%. In 1962, the Dongfanghong tractor opened the RMB with a face value of 1 yuan, becoming the brightest star of the Chinese industrial front. ' .
Now 88 years old, Zhang Yijun, former deputy chief engineer, graduated from Tsinghua University. In 1958, he took the initiative to apply for a job from Beijing to Yituo. Recalling this hard and full of passion, he said: ''Oriental Red' Not only is it a brand, it also represents a spiritual force that is persistent toward the goal and sticks to the mission in the face of difficulties.
Oriental Red Tractor (Photo Photo) exhibited at the 84th International Agricultural Exhibition in Serbia in 2017. Xinhua News Agency
Inheritance: Reborn in the reform and opening up
As the first tractor of New China, the birthplace of the first road roller and the first military off-road vehicle, there was a loud nickname 'Towing the boss'. According to incomplete statistics, Dongfanghong tractor completed before the reform and opening up. More than 60% of the country's machine farmland operations.
In 1981, the state no longer issued a mandatory plan, and the implementation of the household contract responsibility system made the land a piece of 'noodle field', and the large crawler tractor lost its use. This year, the oriental red track The sales of tractors fell from 24,000 units in 1980 to less than 10,000 units.
'The little donkeys are high-spirited, the old oxen is on the battlefield, and the tractors are out of the house'. It became a jingle on the market at the time. Is it true that the farmers who belong to the households do not need tractors?
With such doubts, in 1981, Yituo dispatched more than 500 people and went to 15 provinces and 106 counties across the country to conduct research and bring back the idea of 'farmer designer': Can you produce smaller tractors, most It is equivalent to the price of a cow, but with the strength of 8 cows, it will plow and transport.
China's largest agricultural machinery enterprise, thus began the road of market transformation and development. In 1983, the '1 cow price, 8 cattle strength' Dongfanghong 15 small four-wheel tractor entered the market in batches, millions of units Dongfanghong 15 small four-wheel tractors are continuously transported from Luoyang to all parts of the country.
More importantly, the company has tasted the sweetness of adapting to the market and cultivating competitive advantages, and has begun continuous product changes.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, farmers have limited purchasing power, can not afford large tractors, and agricultural machinery enterprises are engaged in fierce competition in the field of small tractors. However, one drag insists that large tractors are the inevitable choice for the development of agricultural mechanization in China, and we must focus on the future and realize the big wheel. Complete localization of the towing technology.
Under this circumstance, the strategy of developing a large-wheeled technology platform was adopted, and the research and development of large-wheel trailer technology was used to support the research and development of large-wheel trailer technology. Finally, a series conforming to the habits of Chinese users and adapting to China's national conditions was formed. Products, and mastered the large-wheel trailer technology with independent intellectual property rights.
'With 20 years to achieve 100% localization from parts to the whole machine, many people have whitened their hair. This process is very difficult, but it is also very worthwhile. 'Yatuo Chairman Zhao Yushui said that the industrial base of China at that time It is relatively weak, and the various packages are not complete. It is the generation of people who have silently insisted on having our own big wheel drag today.
Adherence to innovation has also brought market returns. Today, Dongfanghong Daluntuo has become the best-selling and most-owned brand in China.
The staff checked the Dongfanghong tractor that will be exported to Serbia at the third assembly plant of China Yituo Group Co., Ltd. in Luoyang, Henan Province (photo taken on June 27). Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Anshe
Endeavour: Let Chinese agricultural machinery in the world market 'cultivate'
'How much, sell or not?' 'This is the unmanned tractor we imagined!'
In June this year, in the first-round agricultural unmanned operation test site held in Xinghua, Jiangsu, many people surrounded the Dongfanghong driverless tractor who had just participated in the demonstration. This domestic unmanned agricultural machinery technology In the highest level of competition, Dongfanghong is the only unmanned tractor that satisfies the full operation function. The whole process error is controlled within 2.5 cm.
'When experts and representatives asked, is the Dongfanghong driverless tractor developed in cooperation with which university? I am proud to say that we designed and developed it ourselves. ' Recalling the situation at that time, the head of Dongfanghong driverless tractor project Chen Song is quite proud.
From the Eastern Red Small Four Wheels in the 1980s to the Dongfanghong Big Wheel Dragging, which has been completely localized for 20 years, 'Dongfanghong' has been leading the upgrading of China's agricultural equipment.
Since 2004, the development of power shifting technology has been carried out. It is different from the previous introduction of the whole machine. This time, the “Joint Development” model was selected, but the core product concept comes from one drag, each drawing in the middle. Every part, every production link, is done by one person.
'The international competition in the agricultural machinery market is becoming increasingly fierce. If the national brand can't seize the opportunity to quickly master the high-end equipment manufacturing technology, the Chinese agricultural machinery market will be seized by the international giants. 'Zhao Yushui said, to achieve national agricultural modernization, to ensure national food security, one drag Have the responsibility to build domestic high-end independent equipment.
In 2014, China's first commercial power shift tractor was launched, directly forcing imported products to cut prices by more than 30%.
Nevertheless, in the field of continuously variable tractors, China is still subject to people. Wang Dongqing, deputy director of Yituo Technology Center, said that in 2011, after the establishment of the continuously variable transmission tractor, Yituo once sought a cooperation with a foreign company that mastered the technology, but was The other party refused.
As the 'elder son' of the agricultural machinery industry of the Republic, it is no stranger to such a situation. 'Not afraid of difficulties, innovation, this is a heirloom that runs through the growth process of 'Dongfanghong'. 'Wang Dongqing said that they started from a blank sheet of paper and overcome One difficulty after another, the company successfully developed the first infinitely variable-speed heavy-duty tractor in China, which ended the history of the import of heavy-duty tractors with a capacity of more than 350 horsepower in China.
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, Yituo has achieved many innovative breakthroughs in China's agricultural machinery industry technology. 'Dongfanghong' has been famous in more than 100 countries around the world. However, Yituo still maintains a clear mind and sees China's high-end equipment in agricultural machinery. And the key core components, the gap with the international advanced level.
'The gap is the driving force. Letting China's agricultural machinery and equipment 'cultivating' and 'harvesting' in the world agricultural machinery market is an unshirkable responsibility, and it is also the innate mission of Dongfanghong. 'Zhao Yushui said.