The first high-efficiency precision garlic planter jointly developed by Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and Shandong Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.
According to the latest data, in 2016, China's garlic planting area was about 11.7 million mu, accounting for about 70% of the world's long-term. China's garlic exports accounted for about 90% of the world's total garlic exports. Shandong is the main producer of garlic in China. District, planting area and output rank first in the country, and its development level of garlic mechanized production has become the key to the development of the national garlic industry. In recent years, Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and some garlic enterprises have been producing mechanized technology and equipment for garlic. R & D and promotion have made unremitting efforts, forming a development road of combining production, study and research. Their achievements in the mechanization of garlic have also upgraded the garlic industry in Shandong and even the whole country, achieving a successful 'transformation'.
In June, Shandong Jinxiang Garlic entered the acquisition period. On the 25th, when the reporter entered Jinxiang County, he successively saw a truck full of garlic galloping on the road, and the garlic market was a busy scene. Compared with 2016, this year is a bumper year, but this also determines that the price of garlic will not be too high. I have sold it to the purchaser at a price of 2.4 yuan per catty, and I can earn one hundred and eight thousand yuan per mu. The main reason is that the cost is too high, but the market is like this. It is better to earn money than to lose money. 'Sun Xiangguang, a farmer in Wangxiang Village, Jinxiang County, told reporters.
In fact, the cost of chemical fertilizers is a small number, and the labor cost is a big headache for people. The labor of artificial garlic collection is large, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low. The existing garlic harvesting machinery on the market is not practical. Some of the words reflect the mentality of most garlic farmers. For them, look at the look of the old world, find the labor force is difficult, apply the model is small, let the garlic farmers have a hard time. 'Garlic you 狠', 'Garlic you 贱The status quo of the industry has made the heart of the garlic farmer like a roller coaster.
'Garlic you 狠' 'Garlic you 贱'? Just like 'garlic up'?
Regarding the importance of garlic in China's planting industry, Han Yongping, deputy director of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Bureau, introduced garlic as one of China's characteristic economic crops, which enhances human immunity, extensive bactericidal medical efficacy, and serves as a long-term vegetable. 1. Products, health products, have high economic benefits, and have great potential for development.
'Jiangsu Jinxiang is a famous garlic town in the country. It has a long history of planting garlic. It is known as the 'China Garlic Capital' and the reputation of 'World Garlic Watching China, China Garlic Watching Jinxiang', and always regards the garlic industry as a rich man. The county's leading industry. The county has planted more than 600,000 mu of garlic all the year round, driving more than 2 million mu of surrounding planting areas. The products are exported to more than 130 countries and regions, and the export volume accounts for more than 70% of the national export volume. Storage and processing, an important distribution center for trade circulation. 'Ming Qingguang, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jining City, said that Shandong can be said to be a typical area for garlic cultivation in the country.
The development of Shandong garlic industry has achieved world-renowned achievements, but it also faces unprecedented difficulties and challenges.
'Now, rice, corn, wheat and other major food crops in China have achieved mechanization, and the technology is relatively mature. But the cultivation of garlic is not much different from that of a few decades ago. 'Sun Benguang is helpless,' It’s really not easy for us to grow garlic. It’s raining and raining, but it’s all day and night. Just like planting, although there is machinery to prepare the land, we still have to bend in the ground and make a little bit of artificial planting. Bud, back pain is a common thing. We are looking forward to the easy-to-operate and economical garlic harvesting machine to solve the pain of our garlic farmers.
Local garlic farmers told reporters that garlic requires a large amount of labor from seed to harvest, storage, processing, sales, etc. If all employees are employed, the cost per mu is as high as 2,000 yuan.
In recent years, affected by the changes in the structure of rural labor, the labor costs of garlic production have accounted for 50%-60% of the total cost of production, which has reduced the comprehensive benefits of garlic cultivation and increased the risk of planting, which has seriously affected the healthy development of China's garlic industry. 'Wu Yuming, president of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Association, further pointed out the obstacles to the labor cost of China's garlic industry. 'Now the field is mainly based on the 45-50 year old labor force. After ten years, this part of the labor force will not be able to grow labor intensity so much. The increase in planting costs, the increase in labor and land input costs, the cost of planting garlic in China is many times higher than that of hand-operated India and mechanized Europe and the United States. Together with soil compaction, single yield is reduced, The problem of pests and diseases is getting worse and worse, and the income of garlic farmers is very unstable.
Throughout the interview process, the demand for garlic machinery was so loud that the reporters were amazed. Why are the problems in garlic planting delayed? Why is the process of mechanization of garlic so slow?
'The level of mechanization of garlic production is not high, especially in the planting, harvesting, lack of reliable machinery, mature and practical research and development of mechanized products of garlic production is still in the early stage. Of course, there are also some private individual inventions, but the quality is generally problematic. The reliability is poor. The slow development of the mechanized operation of garlic has seriously restricted the development of China's garlic industry. ' Han Yongping, deputy director of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Bureau said.
Compared with manual work, mechanical work can greatly shorten the harvest period, reduce labor intensity, reduce production costs, and achieve quality gain. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the breakthrough of garlic machinery innovation.
High-efficiency and precise garlic seeding technology has made a historic breakthrough
'There is finally a planter suitable for our garlic farmers! I really like the scientific and technical personnel!' In the Jinxiang test field of Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., a live demonstration of 'planting garlic' caused the garlic The farmer’s bursts of praise.
On June 26th, the first high-efficiency precision garlic planter jointly developed by Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute and Shandong Mario Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. was officially launched, and a field work demonstration was carried out after the new product launch. After the technician drove the 11-line high-efficiency precision garlic planter across the field, the garlic farmers at the scene couldn't wait to rush forward, squatting on the ground and looking at the sowing effect of the garlic buds.
Luo Zhengdong, a garlic farmer from Jimsar County, Xinjiang, said with excitement: 'The effect of this planter is really good! 90% of the bud tips are upwards, and the planting distribution is relatively uniform. Finally, let us find one. A reliable machine!'
Xinjiang Jimsar County is one of the famous four garlic towns in China, and is also an important garlic producing area. Luo Zhengdong, 53 years old, is the chairman of the local Zhengdong Garlic Cooperative. The garlic planting area is nearly 3,000 acres. 'In fact, our cooperative The area planted with garlic can be expanded. But it is suffering from the lack of suitable harvesting machinery, the efficiency has not been improved, and now three people can only receive one mu of land a day. Moreover, because the planting area is too large, so on the purchase machine It is necessary to be very careful and consider in many ways. Once we choose which model, we must buy at least a dozen units to go back. ' Luo Zhengdong said to the reporter while watching the seeding effect of the new product.
Many garlic farmers and growers from Shandong and Xinjiang told reporters that they hope that such precision garlic planting machinery has been waiting for a long time.
'This high-efficiency precision garlic planter breaks through the key technical problems of single seeding, bud-direction control, erect planting and other garlic planting. The germination rate of seed buds is over 90%, which can be said to reach the world's leading level. 'Shandong Agricultural Machinery Science Chen Mingchuan, deputy secretary of the party committee of the institute, introduced.
It is understood that the United States, France, Spain and other developed countries have developed and promoted garlic sowing and harvesting machinery for the convenience of operation. Some domestic enterprises and garlic farmers have introduced and purchased these machinery.
However, at present, most of the garlic varieties in China are still mainly artificial. Why have foreign machinery not been widely introduced and promoted in China?
'We have also purchased several garlic seeders, but the effect is very unsatisfactory, there are garlic injuries, low erectility, uneven planting distance, etc., not suitable for our local planting requirements, and finally the machine can only become a pile of waste. Iron. 'The sinner Dong Dongwei from the village of Wangxiang in Jinxiang said helplessly.
'Because the pattern of garlic cultivation in China and abroad is different, Chinese people eat garlic, which requires garlic to be planted at the tip of the bud, in order to ensure that the garlic is erected, and the garlic is harvested before the ripening of the garlic. However, there is no habit of eating garlic in foreign countries, so garlic is not required to be planted erect, which is why foreign machinery cannot be directly imported. 'The researcher Ma Jichun, director of the Field Operation Research Center of Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, answered the reporter's doubts. 'At present, there are three major problems in the existing garlic planters in China: First, the garlic seeds are irregular in shape and large in size, and the existing mechanical garlic is difficult to obtain a single grain; the second is that the garlic shoots are difficult to control during the planting process. Third, the machine is in an unstable state of operation and the failure rate is high.
Sowing is the first step in the production of garlic. It is the first key starting point to realize the mechanization of garlic in the whole process of subsequent harvesting, grading and processing. The realization of high-efficiency precision sowing of garlic can improve the mechanization level of garlic in China. 5. The labor intensity of farmers, increasing farmers' income, and promoting the scale and modernization of China's garlic industry are all powerful boosts.
'The successful research and development and promotion of this high-efficiency precision garlic planter is affirmation and encouragement to our R&D team. It is also a satisfactory answer to the Guangzhou Garlic Farm. ' For the historical achievement of this mechanization of garlic, Ma Jichun The sigh is full of endless affection and gratification.
'Now with advanced machinery, we can work a lot easier. ' Sun Benguang has already planned to order a new machine to go back and use.
Garlic harvesting machinery has dawned
'May is the season of garlic harvest. During this period, the labor force is the most scarce, the most sought-after, the labor cost per mu to 200-300 yuan is not enough. Everyone can plan 3 points per day, and they are full of hands. It is a blood bubble, it hurts and hurts, but it has to go on the next day. It takes at least 3 or 4 people a day to get the harvest, and the garlic must be harvested in more than a week, or it is possible Rotten in the ground. If you hire someone to harvest, an acre of land will cost more than a thousand yuan. If the garlic market is not good, the sale of garlic money is not enough labor costs. 'Sun Benguang said helplessly, this time the labor force is really difficult. Looking for, many skilled hands have already been booked.
The researcher of the research team of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Jian Shichun, told the reporter that as early as 1998, the technical system for the mechanized production equipment of garlic was not perfect, and the key production equipment technology needed to be improved. The agricultural machinery and agronomy integration needs to be deepened. The Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science has carried out research on the mechanized production of garlic.
'China's garlic planting patterns are diverse, which seriously affects the process of mechanized production. In the course of more than ten years of research, we have established a team of garlic mechanization research experts, combined with the requirements of the planting mode of garlic seeding machinery, for the mechanized production of garlic. Planting mode to study, focus on breaking through the key technical problems that restrict the mechanized production of garlic. ' According to Jian Shichun, Shandong Agricultural Machinery Institute has carried out experiments on garlic mechanization of different types of garlic varieties in different types of garlic varieties for many years. The effects of planting patterns on the yield and quality of garlic, the effects of garlic status on the growth and yield of garlic, the physical properties of garlic at maturity and the mechanical properties of the pull-out were analyzed, and the maturity characteristics of different varieties and regions of garlic were established. In order to further study the single-grain picking technology of garlic, the seed direction control technology and the erecting technique. 'Now, our garlic planting technology has made a historic breakthrough, which will definitely promote the deep integration of garlic agricultural machinery and agronomy. We provide a powerful way to transform garlic harvesting technology into actual results.
Jian Shichun calculated the account for the reporter. In the operation season, each planter operates 300 mu, and the operation cost is 150 yuan/mu. Each harvester operates 500 mu, and the operation cost is 100 yuan/mu. The machine operator can earn net income. 9.5 million yuan. Compared with artificial planting 350 yuan / mu, artificial harvest 1000 yuan / acre, garlic farmers can save about 800 yuan per mu. To achieve mechanized production of garlic seeds, machine production efficiency is more than 20 times the artificial efficiency, Save 50% of the labor force. If the annual production scale of 1000 planters and harvesters is formed, more than 300 jobs can be provided.
'Working hard for the healthy development of China's garlic industry is the responsibility and obligation of every garlic practitioner. We will continue to persevere in the whole process of mechanization of garlic cultivation, provide a more complete solution for the automation of garlic deep processing, and realize garlic. The whole process of planting and harvesting mechanization and garlic processing is automated. 'Xin Li, general manager of Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. said firmly.
'Next, our hospital will continue to strengthen technical research in key aspects such as garlic harvesting, grading, processing, etc. Through the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, domestic and foreign research, research and research cooperation, innovative standardization, scientific agronomic model suitable for Chinese garlic production, and thus garlic Planting mechanization, ecological, intelligent efforts. ' Chen Mingchuan said.
'The provincial agricultural machinery department will also increase the support and promotion of advanced garlic machinery, increase the research and development and promotion of mechanized equipment for garlic production, establish a full-scale mechanization demonstration base for garlic, and widely publicize the advantages of garlic machinery to garlic farmers. The industry creates a bright road. ' Han Yongping is full of confidence in the industrial development prospects of Shandong garlic.