Chess under the man-machine. Visual China for the picture
'Wulin sage, Baodao Tulong, commanding the world, Mo dare not. 'In today's scientific and technological world, the strategic significance of artificial intelligence is equivalent to the position of the Dragon Sword in the martial arts. Countries around the world have stepped up their efforts to fight against each other. Into the historical torrent of the development of artificial intelligence.
Recently, several reports on the development of artificial intelligence with a global perspective have been widely spread. The China Youth Daily and China Youth Online reporters have thrown a question to the researchers behind the report: 'How can China win the competition?' Research, information analysis, industry research, experts from universities and enterprises have combined their own backgrounds to outline a strategy.
The world's general book
What are we talking about when we talk about artificial intelligence?
In fact, the definition of artificial intelligence is very diverse. According to the latest definition cited in the report of "G20 National Science and Technology Competition Patterns - Artificial Intelligence" released by the Document Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Kerui Wei'an: Artificial Intelligence is a computer system Fulfilling theoretical research that only relies on human intelligence to complete the task. In fact, the definition of the word is constantly evolving, and the understanding of the sect is that 'artificial intelligence is to achieve all the current can not help without human wisdom. a collection of tasks that can be achieved'.
Liu Xiwen, deputy director of the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: 'The reason why artificial intelligence is regarded as a strategic battleground by various countries is because it can determine the future competitive landscape.
It is true that the strong empowerment of artificial intelligence has a major impact on the country, society, and economy. It is advancing various disciplines, upgrading the industry and promoting the development of strategic emerging industries, and comprehensively improving the ability and level of people's production and life. In 2035, artificial intelligence will boost labor productivity in Sweden, Finland, the United States, Japan, and Australia by 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, and 30%, respectively.
Since the word 'artificial intelligence' was first proposed in the 1950s, its development has experienced three ups and downs. At the beginning of the 21st century, with the dramatic increase in big data, high-performance computing and deep learning technology, artificial intelligence has entered a new era. After a round of rapid development, after AlphaGo defeated the master of the game, Li Shishi, it ushered in another development boom. Under the wave, the world's major countries actively cultivated in the field of artificial intelligence, and seized the commanding heights of technology and field development.
From a policy perspective, the “G20 National Science and Technology Competition Patterns – Artificial Intelligence Topics” report shows that in addition to Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey, G20 countries have published or developed artificial intelligence related strategies or plans in recent years. China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada and the European Union have all released artificial intelligence special strategies or plans, while India and South Korea have released special strategies or plans related to brain science and neuroscience, such as Germany, Italy, Russia. , Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and Brazil, although no artificial intelligence strategy or plan has been released, artificial intelligence technology is mentioned in other government strategy documents as one of the key development areas.
From the content level, the "Global Artificial Intelligence Industry Map" published by China Information and Communication Research Institute shows that the United States focuses on the basic theory, core platform, application technology and the origin of superior enterprises in the field of artificial intelligence; Canada mainly focuses on technological innovation incubation. Talent cultivation and commercialization; Germany focuses on the development of intelligent manufacturing technology; the UK is active in academic research, entrepreneurial innovation and applied technology innovation; China focuses on academic research, industrialization and application first, basic theory and core technology are also Follow up quickly.
From the perspective of capital, the White Paper on the Development of New Generation Artificial Intelligence released by the Chinese Institute of Electronics shows that as of 2017, the total amount of financing in the field of artificial intelligence in the world continued to grow but the growth rate slowed down. The current hot spot in the capital market is focused on deep learning. In the field of image and video recognition and text recognition, the amount of domestic artificial intelligence investment reached a record high of US$1.03 billion in 2017. At the same time that American giant companies compete to build differentiated core competitiveness, China's start-ups are quite active.
Dr. Wang Chongxi of the China Institute of Information and Communications believes that the layout of each country is based on its own foundation and advantages, and there is no such thing as 'best layout'.
However, from the perspective of research and development of human resources and basic research funding, the level of countries in the field of artificial intelligence is still high. In this regard, the "G20 national science and technology competition pattern debate - artificial intelligence topic" report, currently It has formed a competition situation of 'the United States alone, the United Kingdom, India and Canada, and so on, China still has a gap', compared with the United States, China's artificial intelligence technology talent reserve, academic research, industrial research and development strength, funding There is still a certain gap.
What is the hope of building an ecology?
Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence, it is difficult for researchers to predict the impact of the current layout of each country on the future development, but they are equally unanimous: the importance of artificial intelligence ecology should be emphasized.
Liu Xiwen said: 'The breakthrough of single technology can not bring about changes in the industry and the whole society. We need systematic breakthroughs and changes.' He explained the analogy of the ecological development of Internet development. The information society has foreseen it since the 1980s. However, the real dependence is on the emergence of the Internet. The ecological construction of the Internet has experienced a long systematic process from the initial exploration and use to the widespread use, to strengthening supervision, and to the formation of international competition.
He said: 'Artificial intelligence will be like this, but its ecological development will be more complicated than the Internet. If the Internet is a virtual society, the artificial intelligence ecology is a product of the fusion of reality and reality.
Fortunately, although artificial intelligence involves a wide range of subject knowledge and different roles, different background practitioners have noticed the importance of ecological design and have some forward thinking.
Han Tao, an associate researcher at the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the foundation of the artificial intelligence ecosystem is based on basic theoretical research. Looking at the classic theory and classical algorithms in the field of artificial intelligence, Han Tao said: 'China is following the wave of artificial intelligence very fast, but We need to reflect on how our own stamina is. '
Wang Chongxi analyzes the development of artificial intelligence in China from the perspective of industrial development. At this stage, attention should be paid to the construction of key platforms, namely open source frameworks. She emphasized that platform construction has become the focus of national construction of artificial intelligence.
'The role of open source framework in artificial intelligence is equivalent to Android's mobile Internet'. According to her understanding, this idea is widely recognized in the industry. Some organizations predict that more than 60% of artificial intelligence applications in the future will need to be Growing up on the platform, Wang Chongxin believes that the platform will become the core element of the artificial intelligence ecosystem.
In addition, the new force that builds the artificial intelligence innovation system widely recognized by the industry is - talents. Enterprises and colleges as the demand and supply side of talents, obviously feel the urgency of the talent problem in the artificial intelligence ecological construction.
Dr. Pan Wei, Director of Strategic Cooperation of HKUST, said that the establishment of an open and collaborative artificial intelligence technology innovation system requires the construction of high-end talents as the top priority of artificial intelligence development. Pan Wei hopes that the government's settlement policy can be applied to artificial intelligence. Talents are inclined, 'This is conducive to attracting high-tech talents on a global scale, and further expanding and improving the source technology layout based on the original production, study and research layout.'
As one of the earliest universities in China to study artificial intelligence, Zhejiang University has experienced the process of artificial intelligence from cold to hot. Wu Fei, deputy dean of the School of Computer Science and the director of the Institute of Artificial Intelligence of Zhejiang University, believes that under the current situation, The artificial intelligence undergraduate major is imminent. Recently, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University and other universities have submitted an application for setting up an artificial intelligence undergraduate program to the Ministry of Education. He said: 'We used to have mathematics students, computer students, and students. Control the students, but now we need to 'synthesize' the three students to train.'
According to Wu Fei's observation, artificial intelligence ecological construction requires four types of talents. The first category is top talents who master cutting-edge theory and technology. They will promote the major changes in artificial intelligence technology models or calculation methods. The second category is professional technology. Type talents, they can use artificial intelligence techniques and methods to build a system. The third category belongs to 'artificial intelligence + X' cross-application talents, can apply artificial intelligence technology to different scenarios. The fourth category is artificial Intelligent ethics, talents in system construction, more partial humanities. 'These four types of talents are urgently needed, but in terms of demand, the most important are the second and third types of talent.' Wu Fei said.
China’s He Xianfeng
Integrating the opportunities and challenges faced by various roles in the field of artificial intelligence, China has successively released the "Internet + 'Artificial Intelligence Three-Year Action Plan", "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan" and "Promoting a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence" Policy documents such as the Three-Year Action Plan for Industrial Development, leading the development of artificial intelligence from a strategic perspective.
Wu Fei summed up the guiding ideology of these documents into one sentence: 'Three steps, four major tasks, five major intelligent technology directions.'
'Three-step' refers to the three-stage development goal set by China in the field of artificial intelligence. That is, the overall technology and application of artificial intelligence in 2020 is synchronized with the world advanced level. It is partially leading in 2025 and became the world's artificial intelligence innovation center in 2030. 'Four missions' refers to the construction of a scientific and technological innovation system; grasp the high integration of artificial intelligence technology attributes and social attributes; artificial intelligence research and development, product application and industry cultivation 'trinity' promotion; and meet the task of supporting national development. 'Five intelligent technology direction ' They are big data intelligence, group intelligence, cross-media intelligence, hybrid enhanced intelligence and autonomous unmanned systems.
Liu Xiwen believes that on the basis of these strategies, special attention needs to be paid to the following aspects in the specific implementation.
The first is to pay attention to the transformation and integration of scientific research industry. Compared with other scientific research fields, artificial intelligence is a highly driven field, and it has the characteristics of 'application while researching and deepening application'.
The second is to fill in the shortcomings of the weak original research ability. Whether it is to seize the current high technology or predict the future development of technology, basic research is a key area that needs to strengthen investment.
The third is to tackle the problem at the level of the science and technology system and mechanism. Liu Xiwen believes that the situation of a hundred flowers is indeed an active side, but it is also easy to cause investment to be dispersed, and it is difficult to form a stronger competitiveness in a certain direction.
The fourth is about the construction rules of artificial intelligence technology. For example, at present, the international academic community has a basic consensus on the use of artificial intelligence technology for military purposes, but it also requires the establishment of sound governance rules.
In fact, from the layout of various countries and various analyses, it can be seen that practitioners from different countries and different backgrounds have put forward corresponding opinions on how to develop artificial intelligence. And the heroes are hegemony, and finally the deer is dead, we wait for time to give answer.