Reading: Review of the technological revolution (II): The era of war-torn internal combustion engines | Review of the technological revolution (II): The era of war-torn internal combustion engines

If the Victorian era of steam gives people a happy moment, then the era of internal combustion engines is an era of sorrow and joy. Instead of looking for a metaphor, it is like a line in the "King of Comedy": 'The son was born (Happy face), my wife is dead (sad face). Son genius, will call Dad (happy face 2). Chicken grows on the head, deformed (you are teasing my face). Lottery, jackpot (happy face) 3)! The son is dead (sad face 2), the wife woke up. Hey! The wife woke up! No, if a person is hit hard, he will enter the state of shock of the mental function. No more reaction. (The following article is about 4,500 words, and the reading time takes about 8-12 minutes)

According to the time, you should be able to come out. What I want to say is the biggest and most desperate event in human history: the First World War, the Second World War. Next, I will talk about the story in the world of war.

Happy thing: big guy who doesn't want to drive

The 1860 gas internal combustion engine was successfully developed, but its use efficiency was extremely low. The German Otto was obsessed with it, and developed a better internal combustion engine for its shortcomings. Under the help of his friends, he set up a company, and organized the team while selling the engine. R & D new engine. The company opened soon, two futures will shock the world's technical talent Daimler and Maybach (three people are the founder of the car engine) joined the Otto team.

In 1876, the Otto four-stroke internal combustion engine was finally developed. Otto wanted to use it on large production machines, and Daimler and Maybach wanted to use it to make new vehicles. Because of the disagreement, Daimler and Maybach Choose to leave the company, and once again plunge into the lab to concentrate on developing car engines.

1885 Single cylinder engine The two men’s 'Clock' engine was successfully developed. In 1890, the two established the Daimler Group and wanted to make a big impact in the car industry. It was discovered that in 1886 a young man named Karbenz was the first to release the use of Otto internal combustion engine. Driving Mercedes brand car.

But the mall has no eternal enemies, and there are no friends forever. In 1919, Maybach bid farewell to the Daimler Group and his son to take care of themselves. Maybach car factory (Take around in the 21st century, Maybach returned to the Daimler Group.) In 1924, Daimler Group and Carl Benz signed an alliance agreement. In 1926, the two companies became one, and the group still called the Daimler Group. And after doing a family they subsequently launched the world famous 'Mercedes Benz 'Series car.

The car soon became popular around the world. In 1906, American Henry Ford and the local friends started the American steel city Detroit to establish the 'Cadillac' car company. Although Ford was later proposed Cadillac, I will not say the Ford afterwards. In the same year, Henry Laws and Charlie Rolls of the United Kingdom established the brand of Les. In 1908, the Italian Etoile Bugatti began to produce high-performance sports cars in Molsheim, France. Although Japan started slow in modernization, it was a little bit sweet. After the people, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, supported by the government, began producing diesel trucks and buses in 1917.

But the early cars were just High price of plaything Ordinary people can't afford it. For example: When there is no complete automobile industry chain in China, the old Shanghai can have a car or a taxi. The car is a ceremonial reception for foreign leaders.

The car company has come up with various good ways to solve the problem of insufficient vehicle consumption. Since ordinary people Can't afford a car Then It’s not enough to rent out a car to a personal living group. Among them, Daimler Group is a relatively fast-moving company. In 1897, Daimler started to operate taxi business in Stuttgart, Germany, followed by Paris in France in 1899, London in England in 1903, and New York in 1907. The taxi business appeared. But at that time government procurement was the bulk of car sales. The Daimler Group produced one of the earliest electric bus models in 1898 and used it for the first time on the streets of London on April 23, 1898. The public transport sector soon found the Daimler Group's demand for the purchase of this double-decker bus.

With the success and popularity of the bus, Daimler expanded production and sold more buses to London companies.

After the birth of the internal combustion engine, after continuous improvement, the products of the automobile and the general public were finally interacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Why not talk about other new products formed by the internal combustion engine, such as airplanes and steamboats? Because the car itself is a civilian product, There is no aircraft, big ship such a serious military background.

Speed ​​Boy Automotive Culture

Here we skip the war part first. After the Second World War, the car culture has grown like a mushroom. There are many car-related activities and works of art in the cultural field. Everyone is familiar with the Japanese audio-visual product "Super Intelligent Formula Racing". "Initial D", "Four Drive Brothers".

In fact, the car culture that emerged after the war was soon combined with sports competition. The first F1 event was held in Paris, France in 1950. Although the domestic attention to the F1 event is not high, but the F1 and the World Cup, the Olympic Games are also called the world's three major Sports events. F1 is also the test site for super-running of various companies.

Unlike the gentle Europe, the American people prefer rough a little exercise, Nasca The car is a very famous racing event in the United States. Up to 43 cars will compete at the same time, and a 47-speed fast match will be played.

The NASCAR event originated in the United States when the ban on alcohol was issued in the 1920s when private traffickers and police officers staged the speed of life and death. In the 1940s, people in the southern United States had liked to modify vehicles for competition. The early Nasca organizers absorbed this 1. At one point, a bunch of cars will collide at a high speed on a narrow track.

But the moment of overturning is the moment of death, because the pictures of the old driver's rollover do not conform to the socialist core values, so the Nascar event is not shocking at home, of course, the enthusiastic riders do not know that NASCAR is impossible.

In addition to the competition, the main way for ordinary people to get in touch with cars is through various media channels, and the media is very well-known in the UK. BBC Produced TV show Top Gear. Top Gear from 1977 Since the broadcast, high-quality programs have been in the global circle, "Top Gear" also has a flat magazine, ranking in the top ten in the world automotive magazine.

I won’t talk about the film work. After all, the high-speed chase of the cars in the big movies (various violations of the laws of physics) has become a routine, as well as the "Taxi Express" series, "Speed ​​and Passion" series, which emphasizes the work of the car. .

Killing Machines for internal combustion engines

At the end of the 19th century, the development of capitalism came to a bottleneck period. The strategy of becoming a big market before was also reduced to a colony or a semi-colonial in Asia. The cake is so big, shouting For the lichking, For the Lordaeron, countries around the world They are actively preparing for war in various military frictions. The internal combustion engine has naturally become a hot commodity for the big countries to use to the military. Ships, tanks, and aircraft have raised the intensity of war to an unacceptable level.

World War I battlefield began to be changed

In terms of naval warfare, the most fierce battle in the First World War in the First World War, the British and German sides made a total of more than 300 ships in the North Sea (Europe).

In the end, he played 55. In the war, the Germans relied on the excellent high-speed ship technology. They played a handgun and sunk their faces to sink many royal naval vessels. On the strategically, the British Royal Navy relied on the huge fleet to suppress the pace of the German Navy. It is only possible to retreat to the coastline and not be able to cope with the army. Historians say that this century war of naval warfare has declared to the world: In the past, the sea was dominated by firepower, and the number of people gained victory. The artillery giant ship era has passed , Future naval battle The key is How to quickly give a fatal blow to the enemy.

On the land battlefield, the Battle of the Somme River broke out in July 1916. The British and French coalition forces fought against the Germans in February. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. The artillery positions of the British and French coalition forces hindered the push of the German ground forces. The aviation division of the 300 German aircraft also Not showing weakness, the coalition’s position was blown into a sieve. In order to break the battlefield’s status, the British army took the lead. MARK 1 tank.

This is the first time the tank has landed on the battlefield, despite the tank’s Poor performance in the first battle However, the tank as a barrier to the rapid advancement of infantry has been greatly developed.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists from all over the world were conducting research on flying devices. The large-capacity airship began to enter the military's field of vision. The German Ferdinand von Zeppelin designed a new rigid airship in 1900. Russia, 1912 The army used a Zeppelin airship to bomb the ground target.

During the First World War, Germany looked good. It was a big country that produced airships. So the Zeppelin airships were frequently bombed during the war. Later, the military of all countries realized that the maneuverability of the aircraft was indeed better than that of the airship, carrying bombs for airdrop bombing. The aircraft was changed to a higher success rate.

The intensity of battles in the land, sea and air battles in World War II increased sharply

After 20 years of World War I, I played Deluxe Enhanced Patch of World War II It is pushing the war to a new high.

In terms of naval warfare, due to the maturity of aviation technology, the aircraft carrier became the 'one hammering' force in the Second World War. The most tragic battle of the Second World War was that there was a century-to-air battle between the aircraft carriers in the Battle of Guada. In order to compete for the strategic goal of 20 square kilometers, the Japanese casualties were 25,000. People, the US military suffered 5.8 thousand casualties. In this battle, the Japanese lost one aircraft carrier, two battleships, two heavy cruisers, 11 destroyers, and six submarines, along with 55 other ships, and more than 200 aircraft. frame.

The US ships sank in this area with 2 aircraft carriers, 6 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, 14 destroyers, and more than 100 aircraft.

Because of this war, the sea area of ​​Gua Island is all steel, so it is called the iron bottom bay. When the fishing boat passes through the iron bottom bay, the compass on the ship will be unable to indicate the direction because of too much seabed steel.

In terms of land warfare, in 1940, the German chariot crossed the two wings of the Maginot line of defense, and the left wing was worn out by the French army as an insurmountable 'Aden Heights'. Tank maneuver I re-interpreted the 'Schlieren Plan' and staged an extremely beautiful flash battle.

The Macedonian defense line is the Macedonian phalanx of the 4th century BC. Macedonia and the Macedonian phalanx are vulnerable to the disadvantages of the mobile unit. The German army quickly pushes the French army's defense to the loose rear, without defense. The army lost again and again, the cost 5 billion francs The Maginot line became a joke. Finally, the German army spurred 400,000 British and French troops to retreat to the very important sea town of Dunkirk in northern France. The British cabinet did not see anything, and began to implement the generator plan, which will give the coalition a living force. Gradually withdraw from Dunkirk to the British mainland.

After the German chariot army became famous, in 1941, under the command of Rommel, the chariot army and the African battlefield began a flash battle. In the case of the strength of the army, the British army was still playing the African battlefield.

Finally, the German armored forces fell in the Battle of Stalingrad. The long and long-lasting battle and the cold weather of Russia made the German mobile unit fail to complete a fatal blow. Finally, the Tiger King tank was defeated by SoVie's T-34. Since then, the German war Che Qingshi is named, now the Germanic chariot is used in the sports field, and the German chariot refers to the German national team. Of course, the 30 million friends who bought Germany in this World Cup have already...

In air combat, the conventional bomber upgrade was removed from the ground attack, thanks to the enhanced engine output. Transport aircraft and airborne troops The style of play has also begun to be practiced. In the Normandy log-in battle, in addition to the tragic Omaha Beach head in the "Save the Great Ryan", the Allied forces also carried out airborne troops to respond. The anti-fascist special commemorative film "The Longest Day" released in Hollywood in 1963 basically restored the military operations of the Allied forces before and after the Normandy landing. There were also fragments of allied airborne operations.

The Allied airborne operations contained an important bridge bastion after the shoreline, strategically preventing the German troops from rapidly advancing to the shoreline for assistance. After the Second World War, the airborne troops attacked, or the tactics of using the manned aircraft to quickly deploy ground troops were obtained. Widely used. It can be said that World War II constitutes the prototype of the coordinated warfare of the modern warfare sea, land and air system.

Undeniable war and also Is part of human culture , The internal combustion engine revolution changed the entire war The form. It came so quickly, so fast, there is no mercy to make humans fit. Cultural ethics that were given in the past war It has also been subverted (not the most hated dead hand), from the previous limited war game, to the whole face of you, I am alive and bloody. Just like the bridge section in Akira Kurosawa "Shadow Warrior", Takeda's cavalry again and again The attack on Tokugawa Ieyasu wanted to have a duel, welcoming them to be the lead arsenal of the new shogunate without the Bushido spirit.

The two world wars are exactly the same, except that the arquebus is replaced by a diesel engine. Science has no borders, but scientists have nationality. It is as simple as changing from a vehicle to a variety of Killing Machines.

Coming soon Internal combustion engine era

Although the internal combustion engine experienced so many twists and turns, it still has more work than it is. Unfortunately, not long after Land diesel locomotive Go Say goodbye to us The major powers have started to start new energy vehicles, and the diesel locomotives will certainly be gradually replaced by new products. Smart cars, electric cars will cause changes to be written by us.

Human nature always seeks more unknown truths. Science and technology are the result of human beings' detection of truth. The influence of science and technology is both good and bad. Especially when the adaptation speed of our culture can't keep up with the power brought by technology, It is very likely that various tragedies will occur. This has also caused many scientific research to be limited by the 'backward' ethical considerations. Many people think this is because of waste. But the history of the internal combustion engine has given the world a good warning: When technology is used to create unnecessary evil, how big is the power?.

The above is the whole content of this issue. The next phase will be very large, involving the contents of the power revolution and the electronic computer revolution. The amount of work is very large and is estimated to be completed in the next month.