After years of development, China's new materials industry has made great progress in terms of industry scale, technology level, development mechanism, etc., but still faces the problem of insufficient technological innovation capability, scientific research, production and application. To solve the problem of new materials. The bottleneck must break through the limitations of the technical standard and understand what new materials are really needed by downstream customers and end users. Then, push back from the client and demand side, and get through the preparation process, product development, and application promotion. To build a complete industrial chain of new materials. To this end, we will launch a series of reports on "What new chemical materials do they need" from today, and take stock of new materials in the current hotspots such as rail transit, chips, and batteries.
China's rail transit has developed rapidly. By the end of 2017, the railway rail transit mileage reached 127,000 kilometers, and 34 cities were completed and put into operation 5021.7 kilometers. The development of rail transit also caused the rapid growth of vehicle equipment demand. By 2020, the number of railway EMUs will reach 36,000. 'The demand for new materials in rail transit is increasing rapidly, and the requirements for safety and functionality of materials are also raised. 'Recently, oil and chemistry Zhang Li, deputy chief engineer of the Industrial Planning Institute, said in an interview with the reporter of China Chemical Industry News.
New material development lag
Zhang Li introduced that the materials used in high-speed rail transit are wide-ranging, demanding, demanding, and difficult to supply. Since 2009, China's high-speed rail trains have developed rapidly, but domestic materials research and development, production has not kept up with high-speed rail and motor trains. Development needs.
The key materials currently used in rail transit mainly rely on foreign technology. Domestically, it enters the field of high-speed vehicle manufacturing mainly through joint ventures and cooperation with foreign countries. Due to the lack of perfect R&D platform, performance test evaluation platform and long-term mechanism for promotion and application, domestic enterprises It is difficult to enter the field. For example, with the rapid development of rail transit, car wash coatings are particularly important, and polyurethane water-based paints are promising. However, due to price, construction process, etc., domestic polyurethane water-based paints have not yet been on rail vehicles. Widely used.
In addition, China's technical specifications and standards in material inspection and evaluation, manufacturing processes are not uniform, and need to be improved; the application and promotion of new chemical materials are relatively lagging, the supply capacity of local enterprises is weak; the industry management system is not perfect, and repeated construction and disorderly competition And so on.
Lightweight material for weight reduction
'Lightweighting has a particularly important practical significance for vehicle weight reduction, speed increase, noise reduction, and energy consumption reduction. The application of new materials just provides important material guarantee for the lightweighting of rail transit equipment. This part of the application is mostly in high-speed rail trains. The exterior of the car body and interior etc. ' Zhang Li introduced.
From the outside of the car body, the front part and the lamp cover part are mainly used for polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), ethylene-vinyl acetate. High-performance resin such as copolymer (EVA), polyoxymethylene (POM). The exterior protective layer of the window and the front is made of polyester fiberglass, glass fiber reinforced resin such as phenolic glass fiber reinforced plastic and epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic. Polyurethane coating; the carbon fiber-metal composite material is used for the pantograph slide. The vehicle head is made of honeycomb composite material, such as aramid honeycomb, FRP honeycomb, carbon fiber honeycomb reinforced resin coated foamed honeycomb material, etc. Pieces, power system buffers, doors/windows, etc. are used for elastic cushioning and adhesives, high performance elastomer materials, including thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), chlorine Butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, EPDM rubber, silicone rubber and silicone rubber.
In the interior materials of the car, the interior panels and partitions are made of ABS resin; the cabin roof, wall panels, luggage racks, etc. are made of low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride. (PVC), polymethacrylimide (PMI), polyetherimide (PEI), etc. are core sandwich materials and honeycomb sandwich materials. Cabin air outlets and interior lampshades are made of polycarbonate. Ester and its alloy. Threading hole, hollow glass seal is made of silicone rubber, modified silane polyether glue, etc. The inner layer of the floor is connected with the bottom plate, and the glass window is installed with polyurethane, modified epoxy resin. 2. The chair filling and outer fabric are polyurethane, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, acrylic fiber, etc.
Subgrade material application ratio increase
In addition, with the development of high-speed rail transportation and safety, the proportion of new chemical materials used in roadbed construction has gradually increased, mainly for roadbed geocomposites, roadbed cable materials, waterproof materials, etc.
From the application of the ballastless track subgrade structure and materials, the vibration damping and noise reduction components of the track fasteners and gaskets are thermoplastic elastomer, polyvinyl chloride, silicone rubber, epoxy resin, butyl rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, Ethylene propylene rubber, etc.; buffer filler is modified asphalt; roadbed waterproof layer, cable trough protection is polyurethane, polyurea and chlorinated polyethylene. Among them, track fasteners are the most expensive parts of chemical new materials. In addition, protection 4. The railway cover of auxiliary facilities such as cables is also a component of the track material that involves more chemical new materials.
In the ballasted track system, composite material sleepers, ballast rubber also applied a large number of new chemical materials.
The most used on high-speed rail and motor trains is vibration-damping and noise-reducing materials. There are many kinds of rubber used for vibration and noise reduction. Natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber and neoprene rubber are used in large quantities. Butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluoro rubber, silicone rubber, etc.