'Tea. Fragrant leaves, tender buds. Mu Shike, Ai Yujia.' China's tea culture has a profound heritage, and the production of tea has a long history. Since the 21st century, China's economic development has promoted the transformation of people's life philosophy, driving tea production and marketing. Product structure adjustment.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, the area of tea gardens in China increased by 1.3 million mu in 2017. The output of teas such as black tea, black tea and white tea accounted for 26%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. Meanwhile, citrus tea, mandarin tea, herbal tea Such special products and ultra-fine tea powder, matcha tea, tea beverages, tea health products and other intensive processing products have further increased. From the data, we can see that products with comparative advantages in resources and market competitiveness are developing rapidly, while deep processing tea products have been obtained. Rapid growth. This growth depends on the processing technology of China's major tea products, including primary processing and deep processing.
Green tea, black tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, white tea and black tea are the six traditional tea varieties in China. The initial processing of traditional Chinese tea can be divided into raw tea and cooked tea.
Raw tea is also called raw loose tea. The production process includes fresh leaf picking, smashing, simmering, drying or drying. It is then steamed with a special steam boiler for steaming, so that it is soft and respirable, and then placed in a stereotyped device. Dry it or dry it with a dryer. This is the tea cake we usually get. The cooked tea is called cooked loose tea. The difference between it and raw tea is that there is one more fermentation process, that is, the dried tea leaves are piled up. Including sorting, accessing beneficial strains, heating, sprinkling and humidifying, stacking, and periodically flipping a few steps. After that, it is also shaped, dried or dried.
Freshly picked tea leaves
These processes have to be done manually beforehand, especially the piles, which need to manually flip the tea piles, and always pay attention to temperature changes, can not be too dry, can not over tide, time and labor. With the development of advanced technology equipment, there has been artificial micro The domain control technology can realize the precise regulation of the ambient temperature, humidity and air circulation, and ensure the stability of the tea products. In addition, there is a process of killing the green, actually killing the tea, although there is a roller compactor in China. However, the energy consumption is high, and the adaptability to different tea leaves is poor. In order to improve this defect, new technologies are applied to the equipment for killing, and there are new types of greening machines such as electromagnetic blasting machine, far infrared blasting machine, high temperature steaming machine and so on. , saving energy and a wider range of applications.
The emergence of cooked tea is actually accelerating the process of conversion and fermentation of raw tea. It is hoped that consumers will appreciate the thick, slippery, sweet, fragrant, qi, rhyme, etc. of old tea as soon as possible. Many lightly fermented Pu'er tea cooked tea on the market, I want you to experience the smoothness and mellowness of the ripe Pu, and also want to have the layering and irritation of raw tea.
Tea deep processing is an important part of the tea industry and a major direction for building brand premiums. The Institute of Tea Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences pointed out that China's tea deep processing technology has made great progress, but most deep processing enterprises still produce tea extract. Intermediate materials such as tea polyphenols, theanine, tea polysaccharides, tea pigments, etc., the main end products are also limited to tea beverages. Further innovation and research and development of new technologies are needed to extract and utilize functional ingredients in tea. These primary products are used in medicine, food, chemical and other related fields to develop new foods, health products, medicines and cosmetics.
The tea polyphenols natural antioxidants extracted from tea have excellent antioxidant activity and are highly valued. First of all, they have become an important focus of tea deep processing research. In the workshop of a biotechnology company in Jiangyin High-tech Zone, the tea processing and extraction production line is positive. Busy operation. The staff introduced that the entire extraction process requires more than twenty complicated processes, but it can make the tea extract suddenly become a 'high-end product', he said, 'thanks to the technology development and upgrading, the tea was realized. Maximizing the use of ingredients also earns competitiveness in the international market.'
Whether it is primary processing or deep processing, sterilization after tea forming, packaging is extremely important, the sterilization process involves food safety, and the packaging process involves the attraction to consumers. Therefore, many tea processing bases have built sterile purification packaging. Workshop, double-handed, the entire processing process to achieve non-floor production, to ensure cleanliness, to promote high-quality tea quality, the entire process of automated production. In addition to the production base, there is a modern ecological tea garden supported by the government, equipped with sprinkler irrigation system in the tea garden, Instant meteorological, video surveillance, mobile inspection, soil testing and fertilization and other advanced equipment and technology to form a dominant characteristic industry. The construction of these ecological tea gardens will closely integrate agriculture and tourism resources, and continue to expand the tea industry chain to help farmers out of poverty. .
Tea should follow the market, constantly develop new technology and equipment, and meet new market demands, in order to capture new business opportunities. Innovation is an indispensable part of the tea industry; tea must follow life, pass on from generation to generation The ancient craftsmanship cannot be completely thrown, and the tea carries the human feelings. Inheritance and innovation are like the two wheels of the carriage, driving the tea industry in China.