On July 13, 2018, the International Conference on Smart Agriculture and Bio-robots organized by China Agricultural University and National Agricultural Information Technology Research Center was held in Beijing. Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor Luo Xiwen of South China Agricultural University delivered a speech at the opening ceremony. 3. Introduced the '3-2-3' strategy to promote the development of China's agricultural mechanization.
Speech by Academician Luo Xiwen
He pointed out that smart agriculture and bio-robot technology are the development direction of modern agriculture. The basis for developing smart agriculture and bio-robot technology is agricultural mechanization and modern agricultural equipment technology. 'The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization', entering the 21st century, the United States The engineering and technical circles ranked 'agricultural mechanization' as one of the 20 engineering technologies that have greatly promoted the progress of human society in the 20th century, ranking 7th.
The experience of countries all over the world shows that agricultural mechanization is an important scientific and technological support for modern agricultural construction. China's agricultural mechanization has played an important role in improving agricultural labor productivity, land output rate and resource utilization, and has made efforts to ensure food security and food safety. Important contribution.
Academician Luo said that since 2004, it has been the 'golden 10 years' of China's rapid development of agricultural mechanization, which is manifested in four aspects:
meeting venue
First, the total amount of agricultural equipment increased and the structure was optimized. In 2016, the total national agricultural machinery power reached 970 million kW, an increase of 470 million kW over 2004, an increase of 94%.
Second, the level of agricultural machinery operations has increased significantly. In 2016, the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvesting in the country reached 65.2%, an increase of 31 percentage points over 2004.
Third, the socialized service of agricultural machinery flourished. By the end of 2016, the agricultural machinery cooperatives had completed an operation service area of 470 million hm2, accounting for about 2/3 of the total area of agricultural machinery operations in the country. The total revenue of agricultural mechanization operations reached 538.8 billion yuan, and the total profit reached 2066. 100 million yuan.
The fourth is to promote the revitalization of the agricultural machinery industry. The gross output value of the agricultural machinery industry has maintained double-digit growth for 10 consecutive years, from 85.4 billion yuan in 2004 to 4,516.39 billion yuan in 2016, ranking first in the world.
Academician Luo also mentioned that although China's agricultural mechanization has made great progress, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in the level of agricultural mechanization, the level of agricultural machinery and equipment manufacturing, product reliability and efficiency of agricultural machinery. The mechanized basic research and key technology research is weak, the technology integration is not high, and the sustainable development ability is weak. It has become a 'short board' and bottleneck restricting agricultural transformation and upgrading.
In order to further narrow the gap between China's agricultural mechanization and developed countries, improve the scientific and technological innovation capability of agricultural machinery, and promote the rapid and rapid development of agricultural mechanization, Academician Luo put forward the development idea of '3-2-3'.
Clear 'three-step' development strategy
The first '3' is a clear development strategy of 'three steps', and proposes the strategic goal of China's agricultural machinery technology innovation and agricultural mechanization development to 2025, 2035 and 2050 'three-step'.
That is to say, by 2025, the mechanization of agriculture will be basically realized, and the technological innovation capability of agricultural machinery will be significantly enhanced, and the realization of agricultural mechanization will be 'from scratch' and from 'to present'.
By 2035, the mechanization of agriculture will be fully realized, and the technological innovation capability of agricultural machinery will basically reach the level of developed countries, and the realization of agricultural mechanization will be 'from good to good'.
By 2050, agricultural mechanization will reach a higher level, agricultural machinery technology innovation ability and developed countries 'and run', some areas 'lead to run', to achieve agricultural mechanization 'from good to strong'.
Adhere to two development principles
The '2' of '3-2-3' is consistent with two development principles.
The first development principle is the comprehensive mechanization of the whole process. The whole process of mechanization mainly includes the mechanization of production in pre-production, mid-production and post-production. The comprehensive mechanization mainly refers to the comprehensive mechanization of 'crop' production, the comprehensive mechanization of 'industry' and the 'region' Develop comprehensive mechanization.
The second development principle is the parallel development of agricultural machinery 1.0 to agricultural machinery 4.0.
Agricultural Machinery 1.0 refers to 'from scratch', characterized by the replacement of manpower and animal power by machines. At present, China has made great achievements at this stage, but there are still many 'short boards' and weak links, so it is necessary' Make up course'.
Agricultural Machinery 2.0 refers to 'from to to full', characterized by full mechanization throughout the whole process. This is the direction of China's current "popularization".
Agricultural Machinery 3.0 refers to 'from good to good' and is characterized by the use of information technology to improve the level of agricultural mechanization. This stage is currently undergoing trial 'demonstration'.
Agricultural machinery 4.0 refers to 'from good to strong', that is, to achieve agricultural machinery automation and intelligence, agricultural machinery + Internet, that is, the theme of this conference: smart agriculture and agricultural robot technology, this direction needs to actively explore.
According to China's national conditions, the road from the agricultural machinery 1.0 to the agricultural machinery 4.0 can not be developed in order, must be developed in parallel, and promoted simultaneously.
Implement 3 key tasks
The second '3' of '3-2-3' is the implementation of 3 key tasks.
The first is the weak link agricultural mechanization technology innovation, mainly to supplement the shortcomings, including the application of basic research, food, cash crops and forage material weak link technology research and development, welfare facilities breeding projects, regions, fruit and vegetable forage and livestock and poultry aquatic products Mechanization technology system integration research and demonstration, rural domestic waste treatment and comprehensive utilization 7 aspects.
The second is the technological innovation of the key core technologies of modern agricultural machinery and equipment. According to the current development status of modern agricultural machinery and equipment in China, it is urgent to obtain as early as possible in five aspects: common key technologies, major equipment, sensors and intelligent technologies, basic components, materials and manufacturing processes. breakthrough.
The third is the intelligent technological innovation of agricultural equipment, which mainly includes sensors, agricultural machinery navigation, precision operations and monitoring of agricultural machinery working conditions.
Academician Luo pointed out that the development of China's agricultural mechanization '3-2-3' coincides with the theme of this conference, which is to develop and apply modern agricultural equipment technologies such as agricultural robots, and promote the development of smart agriculture. Therefore, this international conference The convening is of great significance for realizing the development of China's agricultural mechanization '3-2-3'.
At the same time, he said that scientists at home and abroad in the field of smart agriculture and agricultural robots are expected to fully exchange their advanced technologies and development experiences, and make greater contributions to the development of agricultural mechanization in China and the world.