On July 5th, Tianjin's consumer Xiao Huang ordered a box of Hainan's thick lychee online. After only two days, a box of lychees with un-formed ice bags was sent to him. The lychee was fresh but rarely worn out. Thanks to the development of cold chain logistics, consumers can enjoy fresh fruits, vegetables, fresh products and even ice cream without going out.
At high temperatures, how does the cold chain logistics undergo the 'bake' test, helping the foodies realize the dream of 'food all over the world'? Recently, the reporter conducted an investigation.
Cold chain logistics 'high fever does not return'
'These imports are very fresh.' On July 5th, in the RT-Mart supermarket near Xiaohai, Tianjin, Ms. Zhou put the freshly bought fruit into the shopping cart. The person in charge of the supermarket told the reporter that the supermarket was refrigerated. The area of the frozen zone is increasing. 'The annual increase in food transported through cold chain logistics is 15%, and the food delivered in the cold chain in summer is more popular.'
Cold chain logistics refers to a systematic project in which frozen and frozen foods are always in the specified low temperature environment in all aspects of production, storage, transportation, sales, and consumption to ensure food quality. With the rising living standards of Chinese residents The demand for cold chain foods has increased greatly, and the future development prospects of the cold chain industry are expected.
According to the development experience of developed countries, when the per capita GDP reaches 4,000 US dollars, the demand for cold chain logistics will increase significantly. At present, China's per capita GDP has exceeded 8,000 US dollars, and the demand for cold chain logistics is in its infancy.
The rapid development of fresh e-commerce has also accelerated the pace of cold chain logistics. The data of China's fresh energy e-commerce market scale and development prospects released by China Industrial Research Institute shows that in recent years, China In the fresh industry, the growth of madness and spurt has increased. In 2013, the transaction volume of fresh e-commerce was 12.7 billion yuan. In 2014, it doubled to 27.5 billion yuan. In 2016, the transaction volume reached 87.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 75.28%. It is estimated that the market size will reach 195 billion yuan by 2018.
With the rapid expansion of market demand, cold chain logistics 'high fever does not retreat' has become a key national support area. In 2010, the “Agricultural Cold Chain Logistics Development Plan” was officially released, and cold chain logistics was first promoted to the national level. The cold chain logistics of agricultural products has been listed in the Central No. 1 document for seven consecutive years. 2017 is the policy year for the development of China's logistics and supply chain, “Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Cold Chain Logistics to Ensure Food Safety and Promote Consumption Upgrades”, “About Positive Policies such as “Guiding Opinions on Promoting Supply Chain Innovation and Application” have been introduced. Cold chain logistics is an important focus of food safety and people's livelihood security. Cold chain logistics is in the historical opportunity of accelerating development.
In April 2018, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, and other eight departments jointly issued a notice to carry out supply chain innovation and application pilot work. The main purpose is to pass urban pilot and enterprise pilots, in a number of Relationship between national economy and people's livelihood, consumption upgrading and strategic emerging key industries, promoting the formation of innovation leadership, coordinated development, integration of industry and finance, supply and demand matching, high quality and efficiency, green and low carbon, global layout of the industrial supply chain system.
The relevant person in charge of the Market Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce said that promoting the standardization of cold chain circulation of agricultural products is an important part of the reform of the domestic trade circulation system and the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Logistics Standardization (2015-2020), and it is also promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. Important measures for agricultural modernization.
At present, there are 31 pilot cities and 285 pilot enterprises across the country participating in the standardization demonstration of cold chain circulation of agricultural products, in the construction of agricultural product cold chain circulation infrastructure, standardization, informationization, intensification, and construction of the whole process of cold chain circulation chain of agricultural products, etc. Formed 17 experiences and models that can be replicated and promoted.
High-tech power to enhance quality and preservation
With the development of fresh e-commerce and new retail, the trend of fragmentation of cold chain logistics orders is obvious. How to rely on 'high-tech' to let consumers 'eat it safely'? Many companies have made useful explorations.
Jingdong Fresh Cold Chain daily average warehouse order processing capacity reached 1 million pieces. At present, Jingdong Logistics has established more than 10 fresh cold storages in the country, covering four layers of deep cold, freezing, refrigerating and temperature control, achieving a temperature of minus 30 degrees. The full-temperature layer coverage to the normal temperature layer to meet the individual storage needs of different categories. In order to ensure the continuous cold chain, from commodity storage, storage, to every link in the hands of consumers, Jingdong fresh cold chain Real-time full-temperature layer and temperature and humidity monitoring can be realized in 24 hours, ensuring that the temperature of the goods in the storage, transportation and distribution is controllable, the time is controllable, the quality is controllable, and the best condition and taste are delivered to the consumers.
Jingdong's old 'opponent' Suning also frequently launched. Following the opening of 8 cold chain warehouses in February, covering Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Shenyang, Xi'an and surrounding cities, this year, in May, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Jinan, Wuhan, Hefei, Fuzhou, 7 cold chain warehouses have also been fully built and put into use, these 15 warehouses will cover 150 cities. By the end of June, Suning will continue to add two cold chain warehouses in Xuzhou and Tianjin. In this way, Suning Logistics will have 17 cold chain warehouses in the country, which will truly achieve the fresh and fresh speed of all kinds of fresh food on the user's table.
Small enterprises start from the segmentation area. A fishery company in Guangdong independently develops patented technologies such as low temperature holding, live fish packaging, and pure oxygen distribution. From Tangtou to the market, it adopts step-by-step cooling and intelligent temperature control technology. Let the live fish be in a semi-hibernation state, do not need to change the water during the whole process, and complete the closed temperature control management to realize the industrialization of 'Nanyubeiyun'. Ensure the survival rate of fish from Guangdong to Beijing without adding any drugs. Up to 99%, let consumers eat fresh and live fish that are truly assured.
It is not a problem to eat the fresh lychee picked on the day. A fruit and vegetable preservation company in Guangzhou relies on the whole process of cold chain circulation of agricultural products. After the lychee harvested on the same day, it is sent to the constant temperature workshop for cooling and preservation, so that the temperature inside the fruit drops to 5 °C. The weighing box will continue to be placed in the cold storage and then transported to the freezer. Through the whole process monitoring, the container transportation will be kept at 0 °C to 2 °C until the destination is opened.
In recent years, the development of Internet of Things technology has also brought new opportunities for the cold chain industry. Many logistics companies used manual operations in the past. In the process of transition to modernization, the first step is to use bar code and RFID technology acquisition equipment. To improve its operational efficiency. RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, known as radio frequency identification, commonly known as electronic tag, is a non-contact automatic identification technology, which automatically recognizes the target object and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals, and does not require manual work. Intervention, can work in a variety of harsh environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple labels at the same time, the operation is fast and convenient, so it is widely used in the cold chain fresh food industry.
The QR code scanned every day can now also be used to check the temperature. A company in Ningxia has already posted the automatically generated QR code on all product packaging. When the customer takes out the mobile phone, the application can be inquired during the whole process of refrigerated storage and transportation. The standard, product temperature, date of entry and exit, etc. In addition to the QR code, the cold chain logistics monitoring system has a big move. It is understood that the agricultural product cold chain logistics transparent management system in product sorting, packaging, transportation, warehousing, distribution The whole process of temperature monitoring is carried out to ensure the continuous chain of cold chain logistics. They integrate the cold storage temperature monitoring and warning subsystem and the GPS temperature monitoring and tracking subsystem to connect with the customer system, and the customer can query the system data through the website and the mobile client. For example, a company in Yantai has integrated the company's business flow information and logistics information platform to establish a complete temperature record and tracking system.
In addition, the cold chain circulation technology and transportation mode are also innovative, and the train has become a powerful tool for transporting fresh agricultural products. A company in Shandong applies long-distance multimodal transport and other new cold chain equipment and transportation modes to achieve no-opening and no dumping. It can adjust the temperature according to different insulation needs and improve the logistics efficiency. This kind of railway cold chain train uses reefer container as the vehicle, and relies on the temperature sensor to automatically stabilize the temperature inside the box. After the goods are sealed from the manufacturer's full case, the cold chain is short-circuited to Railway station.
Scientific operation, cost reduction and efficiency
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development. This is an important conclusion on the stage of China's economic development. With the improvement of the income and consumption level of our residents, the awareness of food hygiene and safety, cold chain logistics The scale of demand and the level of demand will continue to escalate, and China's cold chain logistics will also enter the stage of high quality development. Then, how can logistics enterprises better operate cold chain logistics in a situation where the policy environment continues to improve?
Some experts suggest that enterprises can follow the example of the United States, Japan and other developed countries to establish a common distribution of cold chain logistics industry. It is understood that some enterprises do not have a professional cold chain logistics operation system, nor a cold chain logistics distribution center. Cold chain logistics center, high cost and long payback period, it is difficult for a company to bear it alone.
'The characteristics of cold chain food are the same, so the society should unite the entire cold chain logistics industry and jointly establish a distribution center to realize the common distribution of the cold chain logistics industry. 'The expert said that the common distribution not only improves the logistics transportation efficiency but also reduces the efficiency. The logistics cost is conducive to the company to concentrate on operating its core business and promote the expansion of the market.
The expert believes that the cold chain logistics joint distribution can reduce the social vehicle transportation flow, reduce the unloading and block traffic, and can effectively improve the loading rate of cold chain vehicles, saving cold chain logistics processing space and human resource costs.
It is also necessary for industrial and commercial enterprises to cooperate with logistics companies. Wang Hao, head of Tianjin Longsheng Logistics Co., told reporters that when a large fresh supply company does not have better cold chain transportation tools, it can be fully equipped with one equipment and conditions. Cold chain logistics companies work together to achieve a win-win situation.
'For example, the process of milk transportation of dairy products is an important part of the cold chain logistics. Retail enterprises can form alliances with fresh milk manufacturers to achieve quality transportation. 'Wang Wei said, for example, 'Large supermarkets directly cooperate with Mengniu, by Mengniu Direct delivery, using Mengniu transportation requirements and tools to quickly and directly reach the supermarket freezer, to avoid deterioration of fresh milk during transportation.
Cold chain logistics is a low temperature logistics process. It must follow the '3T' principle, namely Time, Temperature and Tolerance. Chen Dong, manager of Shandong Fresh Frozen Logistics, said that in cold chain logistics management, It is very important to coordinate the development of hardware and software. 'When planning the cold chain logistics system, it should be based on its own needs and operational characteristics, soft and hard, and overall planning. The first is hardware planning. That is, the plant, storage equipment, transportation equipment, etc. Good planning, promoting the improvement and improvement of cold storage facilities. Secondly, software planning. From the aspects of inventory control, transportation management, warehouse management, customer service, etc., it is a good technology innovation. It is to increase technology development and investment. Innovatively in the refrigeration and refrigeration methods and technology, at the same time introduce and learn advanced foreign technology, and popularize various new technologies for cold storage as soon as possible. ' Chen Dong said.
With the in-depth promotion of the 'One Belt, One Road' initiative, some analysts in the logistics industry said that to guide the development of cold chain logistics to internationalization, it is necessary to encourage cold chain logistics enterprises to 'go out', in the 'One Belt, One Road' international channel, along the center Cities, key ports, key overseas economic and trade cooperation zones to build logistics centers and bonded warehouses. With cross-border e-commerce as a breakthrough, set up 'overseas warehouses' to complement cross-border e-commerce logistics short-term, reduce cross-border logistics costs, and realize global logistics resources Interconnection, sharing and sharing.
