With the increasing market demand for agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, meat, aquatic products and vaccines, China's cold chain logistics has ushered in the development opportunities of the industry. At present, the size of China's cold chain market is about 250 billion yuan, and it is expected that by 2020, the market The scale will reach 470 billion yuan, and the annual compound growth rate will exceed 20%. At the same time, China's cold chain logistics still faces four bottlenecks to be broken:
Insufficient development of the industry
At present, the development of China's cold chain system is unbalanced. In 2017, the cold storage capacity of East China, North China, Central China and South China was 12.45 million tons, 4.53 million tons, 4.31 million tons, 3.24 million tons, and the southwest of most of the country's fresh agricultural products wholesale. The total area of the northwest region is less than 4 million tons, lacking the construction of regionalized production cold chain system. China's cold chain industry has developed rapidly in recent years, but the overall development is still in the primary stage. By the end of 2017, the number of refrigerated trucks in the country was 115,000 units. Lower than the United States, Japan's more than 200,000. The cold chain industry is less concentrated, the top ten cold chain operators account for only 10.5% of the total market share, the top 30 operators only account for 17.3%, has not yet appeared The industry giant with super-integration capability, the decentralized operation makes it impossible for enterprises to form economies of scale.
'Two high and one low' raises industry costs
The cold chain industry faces the problem of high initial investment cost, high return rate in the operation process, low transportation unit price and other 'two highs and one lows'. In China, a 5,000 square meter Wal-Mart standard-grade cold storage requires more than 20 million yuan of capital investment. Due to the imbalance of two-way logistics load, the air return rate is as high as 98%. The single transportation cost is twice that of ordinary logistics, and the unit price can only be 20%~40% higher than the latter. The market cold chain profit rate is about 8%, and the cold chain profit rate of developed countries can reach 30%. China's fresh agricultural products have a market scale of 100 billion yuan. In recent years, the fresh e-commerce industry is hot, but less than 3% Permeability, the reason for the cold chain cost accounts for about 70% of the total cost. In 2017, hundreds of O2O fresh e-commerce companies nationwide closed.
The development of related technologies is seized by developed countries
In order to reduce losses and ensure quality, cold chain logistics technology is deeply integrated with low-temperature preservation technologies for agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. For example, apples, pears, grapes and other fruits, when transported, storage conditions meet the temperature of -1.5~0.5 °C and 95% Relative humidity, and the use of air-conditioning preservation technology that inhibits breathing and reduces the consumption of organic matter, can be kept fresh for 6 to 7 months. Currently, this technology is ushering in the third development climax in the world, but the level of development of such technology in China is relatively Lagging. As of the end of 2017, among the top 20 global patents for low-temperature preservation of fruits and vegetables, the top 10 were occupied by US companies such as Dow Chemical, Procter & Gamble, Unilever, and the remaining 10 seats were from France, Holland, Japan, Germany and other companies. No, there is no Chinese company or research institution.
Standard construction is lagging and some standards are not strictly enforced
The cold chain logistics industry spans the fields of transportation, warehousing, packaging machinery and equipment, etc., involving food, medicine, chemical and other industries. There are 12 national standards, 99 local and industry standards, but the standard system construction and trade new business, new The development of the model is inconsistent. For example, China has specifically mentioned the acceleration of the construction of multi-modal transport facilities such as sea-rail combined transport in the Medium- and Long-term Plan for the Development of Logistics Industry (2014-2020), but the standardization of reefer container transportation has lagged behind, resulting in random operation of the port. Sexuality, research shows that the port refrigeration container has never experienced a cooling interruption rate of only 19%. On the other hand, at present, China's cold chain logistics enterprises to save costs, the implementation of the standard level is weak, taking Hangzhou pork cold chain logistics as an example, research 4 Home cold chain logistics enterprises, only one of which strictly implements the national standard -18 ° C storage requirements, 1 enterprise transport vehicle does not even have refrigeration equipment, there are hidden dangers of quality and safety.
