Following the 'Shenzhou' flight to heaven, after the 'Dragon Dragon' sailed down the sea, Chinese scientists also ushered in a historic breakthrough in the exploration of the deep Earth.
On the 2nd, Jilin University mainly undertook the research and development of the 'Crust 1' 10,000m drilling rig officially announced the completion of the 'first show': the completion of the drilling depth of 7,018 meters, creating a new record of Asian countries in the continental scientific drilling, marking the country became a step after Russia and Germany , The third country in the world that has dedicated equipment and related technologies for the implementation of the 10,000-meter continental drilling program.
The 7018m deep Songke Second Well belongs to the Cretaceous International Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Songliao Basin, China. It was the deepest drilling in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) in 22 years and the first drilled in the Cretaceous Terrestrial Strata. Scientific drilling well.
This is a landmark achievement of China's entry project. It will provide key technologies and equipment for China's deep earth exploration, expand the deep space of shale gas, geothermal energy and other clean energy exploration and development in the Songliao Basin, and lead the global Cretaceous Territory. Ancient climate research has significantly improved China's international influence in the field of geological history and paleoclimate research.
Ten years of grinding a 'drill'! 'Into the depths of the Earth'
Scientific drilling is the most direct, effective, and reliable method for obtaining deep Earth matter. It is an indispensable and important support for the development of Earth science, and it is also an indispensable important resource for solving social development issues such as energy and the environment. Technical means.
Since the 1970s, many developed countries have successively implemented a number of scientific drilling programs. The representative is the 12262-meter super deep drill of the Soviet Kola Peninsula, which is currently the world's deepest well; German KTB ultra-deep drilling, 9101 meters, ranking second.
In February 1996, Germany, the United States and China as the first members launched the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program. At present, China has successfully applied to the 'Dabie-Sulu' continental ultra-deep drilling, China Environmental Science Drilling Project of Qinghai Lake. Many ICDP projects, such as the Kokusai No. 1 Well and No. 2 Well Engineering, have made remarkable achievements in the field of Continental Scientific Drilling.
Workers who want to do good things must first sharpen their tools. Previously, China’s geophysical instruments mainly relied on imports, but foreign high-precision instruments were blocked against China.
'If we say that we are a 'millet-plus-rifle' force, people are the troops with missiles. 'China's famous strategic scientist, national 'thousand-person plan' distinguished expert, Professor Huang Da-nian of the Interdisciplinary Department of Jilin University said in an interview before his death. It is well known that this is a topic that cannot be avoided and circumvented in the development of the country. It must break through the embargo of equipment and technology in the developed countries.
Participating in the 'Deep Exploration Technology and Experimental Research Project' is the first important task of Huang Dainian after returning to China - he is responsible for the special item 9 'Research and development of key instruments and equipment for deep exploration and experimental projects'.
The fifth topic of the project, 'Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Equipment Development', was developed by Jilin University as the main undertaking unit to meet the demand for high-end equipment for ultra-deep drilling in China's deep exploration mission.
After more than four years of technical research, in 2013 Jilin University successfully developed China's first 10,000m continental scientific drilling special equipment 'Crust 1' 10,000m drilling rig, which filled China's gap in the deep continental scientific drilling equipment field, greatly improving China's Ultra deep wells scientific drilling equipment technology level.
Hard to overcome difficulties! Chinese scientists break through high temperatures, 'coring' and other technical problems
In the northeastern part of China, the Songliao Basin rests in the embrace of the Greater Xing’an Mountains and the Changbai Mountains. On August 18, 2006, the Chinese Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project (Songkeyi) was drilled in the central depression of the northern Songliao Basin. The well was divided into two holes. On October 20, 2007, the well was completed successfully. The total coring footage was 2,577 meters, and the total length of the heart was 2,485 meters. It was a major geological event and greenhouse climate change in the Earth's surface system during the Cretaceous. Follow-up study laid a solid foundation.
Songke Second Well was drilled in 2014 with the goal of breaking through the Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin, exploring the deep energy potential of the Songliao Basin, establishing a deep stratigraphic structure in the Songliao Basin, seeking geological evidence for climate change in the Cretaceous, and developing deep exploration techniques.
The 'Crust 1' 10,000 meters drilling rig became the only choice for completion of the Songke Second Well Project. ' 'Crust 1' has withstood the test, the failure rate of the rig is 97.5%, and the maximum daily footage is 286 meters, fully reflecting China's independent R&D. The capability of drilling rigs. 'Songke Erjing Project Chief Equipment Engineer, 'Crust 1' 10,000 meter rig R & D Manager, Sun Youhong, Vice President of Jilin University, said that 'Crust 1' broke four key technologies, some of which even reached the international Leading level, making China's drilling equipment research and development level successfully into the world's first echelon.
It is an important issue for scientists to ensure that drills are not exposed to 'heat stroke' during sustained ultra-high temperatures. Zhang Jinchang, director of the Songke Erjing project and director of the Exploration Technology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, introduced that the deeper the drilling, the higher the temperature. The technical difficulty of the drilling fluid is so great that the Songke No. 2 drills every 100 meters down, and the underground temperature rises 3~4°C. When drilling to the bottom of the hole, the temperature has exceeded 240°C. Through repeated research and experiments, the team developed The new drilling fluid formulation has withstood the test of high temperature downhole and refreshed the maximum temperature record for drilling fluid applications in China.
After the success of 'Drilling', scientists face the challenge of 'caught'. In a very uneven and complex sphere, 'moving knife' ensures that the drilled wellbore cannot collapse and crack, but also intact. It is extremely difficult to remove the deep core.
Songke Erjing adopted the domestic first large-diameter caliber coring drilling tool, drilled directly into a large borehole using a drilling tool, and drilled to the diameter of a design wellbore at once, conquering the breaking of large-diameter coring bits and crushing rock cores. Take and carry out key technologies such as wells.
As a result, many steps in the process of “tracing small diameters and reaming large diameters” are eliminated, which avoids many risks in the process of “from small boreholes to large boreholes” and saves a lot of materials. At the same time, the amount of physical sample obtained is also 5 times more than the design volume.
7018 meters into the ground! A new starting point for China's 'geocology'
At the Songke Erjing Achievement Appraisal Meeting held on May 21, Li Tingdong, Kang Yuzhu, Wu Qiang, Hou Zengqian, Yang Jingyu and other academicians and related experts all agreed that this achievement has achieved major breakthroughs in theory, technology, engineering, and equipment, and has expanded The new space for deep energy exploration and development in China has led to the study of Cretaceous paleo-climate and its service to the '100-year Daqing' construction. It has reached an internationally advanced level and has reached international advanced level in deep drilling techniques and Cretaceous terrestrial paleo-climate research.
At present, the core of Songke Second Well has been completely collected, which will play a key role in the study of the evolution of the paleoclimate in the Cretaceous and the evolution of the human environment in the future. 'The reason why the Cretaceous Period was studied is because this period is the closest to our greenhouse climate. , It is also a period of high carbon dioxide, high sea level and high temperature during the 'three highs' period. Finding out the Cretaceous period is of great significance for studying the future evolution of the Earth, which may enter such a 'three high' period. ' Principal scientist of Songke Erjing Wang Chengshan, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.
Wang Chengshan described: “Songke Erjing provided a big stage for the entire earth science community—the first reconstruction of the climatic evolution history of the Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from millions of years to 100,000 years, and discovered the major control of continental climate change on various time scales. Factors, to find new evidence for studying the evolutionary mechanisms of the Earth's climate system under greenhouse climate conditions.
In general, through the 'time tunnel' of Songke Erjing, Chinese geoscientists basically restored the Cretaceous scene.
In addition, the 7018m Songke Second well also revealed the reasons, processes and results of the formation of the Songliao Basin, and provided important data support for the development of the Daqing Oilfield in the next 50 years.
In the next step, Chinese scientists will continue to develop a series of domestically produced ultra-deep drilling equipment of 15,000 meters, and will do well in the selection and implementation of China's super-million-meter continental scientific drilling project and large-scale petroliferous basin scientific drilling project.
The journey of mankind is not only the stars and the sea, but also the exploration of the tunnel leading to the depths of the earth, and listening more closely to the "heartbeat" of Mother Earth.
