The Wusong International Cruise Port and Yangshan Port have all been used. However, the current shore power coverage rate is only 10%. Related parties suggest that it is necessary to maintain the support for shore power construction, and it is necessary to study the compulsory introduction of shore power for ships in Hong Kong. Regulatory requirements.
What is 'shore power'
It refers to the berthing of a ship's vessel to turn off the ship's own auxiliary generator, and instead uses the clean energy provided by the port to supply power to the main shipborne system. This is a more environmentally friendly way of energy supply for ships. According to estimates, a medium-sized ship The PM2.5 pollutants emitted by container ships during the 24 hours of their arrival in Hong Kong are equivalent to the one-day discharge of 500,000 national IV heavy-duty trucks. Currently, the number of international sailing visas per year for Shanghai Port is approximately 42,000. Pollutants from the city’s atmosphere are mainly concentrated in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Among them, ocean-going vessels have a particularly large amount of emissions. Inserting shore-based power sources enables ships to reduce up to 95% of diesel particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, at each port. Sulfur oxide emissions.
The first cruise liner system in Asia has been officially put into operation at the Shanghai Wusong International Cruise Port. In addition, the shore power system has been put into operation in the Yangshan Deepwater Port Phase III project. The Yangshan Deepwater Port IV shore demonstration project has also been implemented. It was started in December last year.
What is the distance from our shoreline called the 'Green Port'?
High costs make promotion difficult
In the process of building 'green shipping' at Shanghai Port, the shore power approach is worth promoting. As of February 2018, Shanghai Port has built 20 sets of shore-based power supply equipment above the scale, covering 26 port berths, including 7 container berths. There are 2 cruise berths, 4 bulk berths for power plants, 6 berths for repairs, 6 general berths and 1 engineering berth. 'Currently, Shanghai's shore power coverage is only around 10%.' Chang Yexing told reporters.
'There is still a gap between this and the target. The task of shore power construction is still very arduous.' Ye Xing said. According to the requirements of the "Port and Port Power Distribution Plan of the Ministry of Transport", by the end of 2020, more than 50% of the containers have been built in Shanghai. , Cruisers, specialised berths for passengers over 3,000 tons and above and dry bulk cargoes over 50,000 tons have the ability to supply shore power to ships. According to the situation of terminals in the city at the end of 2017, Shanghai should have at least 46 built to provide shore power to ships. Specialized berths for capacity, including 24 berths for container shores, 9 berths for passengers and cargo ships, 3 berths for cruise ships, 4 berths for 30,000-ton passenger shores, 50,000 tons The number of electric berths on the dry bulk cargo above grade 6.
However, this new technology has been difficult to implement in practical promotion.
'The high construction cost is the original resistance of using shore power.' Ye Xing told reporters. The cost of the construction of the power supply facilities for the shoreline of the cruise ship is about 50 million yuan/set, and the construction cost of the container-based power supply infrastructure is about 25 million yuan/set. Through the national and local financial subsidies, subsidized 70%-80% of the construction cost of the reconstructed enterprise, but due to the current port charges 0.45-0.5 yuan/kWh to the ship owner, this price is lower than the port party pays to the power supply company. The price of electricity, therefore, investment in the construction of shore power facilities cannot be profitable, and the enthusiasm of related companies to invest in the construction of shore power is not high.
In addition to shore-based power supply facilities to be transformed, the corresponding facilities on ships need to be reconstructed before they can be docked. Take the world's first large-scale bulk carrier that installed shore power equipment, 'Fuqiang China', for the shore power facilities. The total investment in reconstruction is about 6 million yuan, of which equipment investment is about 3 million yuan. Although the fuel cost can be saved by nearly 600,000 yuan per year, the investment recovery period is 10 years.
The long-term use cost of the shore power facilities is also not low. In terms of power usage, Shanghai Coast Power uses electricity charges based on general commercial power and monthly basic power charges based on the power access capacity. Take the Wusong Cruise Port as an example. The power company collects electricity charges according to the classified commercial electricity price. In 2016, the actual electricity consumption of the shore power is about 470,000 kilowatt-hours, generating electricity tariffs of about 350,000 yuan, equivalent to an average electricity rate of 0.75 yuan/kWh; Yangshan Guandong Company For example, Tongsheng Power Company charges the electricity price according to the unitary electricity price. In 2016, the actual electricity consumption of shore power is nearly 240,000 kWh, generating electricity cost of about 340,000 yuan, and the average electricity price is 1.43 yuan/kWh. Going on, this electricity bill cannot be overlooked.
The long-term operating cost of shore power equipment has also become a 'resistance stone'. The Wuyi cruise port has specifically established shore power technology company to provide shore power services, calculate the utilization rate of shore power facilities by 10% per year, the cost of human resources spent annually, equipment depreciation. Fees, Equipment maintenance costs total about 5.75 million yuan. Due to the low utilization rate of shore power at this stage, Yangshan Guandong Co., Ltd. provides shore power services only when the ship uses shore power in the form of overtime work by the wharf staff. Relatively low, calculated by the utilization rate of 10% per year of shore power facilities, the annual human resources costs, equipment depreciation expenses, and equipment maintenance costs total about 350,000 yuan.
The effectiveness of incentive policies has been shown
For high input costs, high operating costs, relevant subsidy policies have been introduced.
In January 2017, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guideline for the Use of Coastal Electricity for 2016-2018 Project Award Funds for Ships Reaching Hong Kong," and the shore power facilities built in 2016 could apply for 60% of equipment subsidies; the shore power facilities built in 2017 can be Apply for 50% of equipment subsidies; shore facilities built before March 31, 2018 can apply for 40% of equipment subsidies. Shanghai has issued the "Shanghai Port-based pilot project for berthing of international voyage vessels for shore-based power supply" to support the development of Pilot terminal enterprises (hereinafter referred to as 'pilot terminals') will be subsidized for the construction of shore power facilities, power capacity expansion fees, electricity tariffs for ships using shore power, and operation and maintenance costs.
Dockside power system has been used one after another. The first phase of Shanghai Guandong International Container Terminal Co., Ltd. was completed on November 14, 2016. As of the end of last year, 14 ships were supplied and the power supply time was 191.86 hours. The ship's electricity supply was 193,602 kWh. The project was put into use in February 2017. As of the end of last year, 13 ships were supplied, and the electricity supply time was 254.8 hours. The ship's electricity supply was 324,984 kWh.
The first cruise liner system in Asia - the Shanghai Wusong International Cruise Port Shore Infrastructure Phase I project has been put into operation, which is currently the world's largest cruise frequency conversion shoreline system. It is reported that this shore power system can realize a year of 36.60 million replacement electricity. Kilowatt-hour, 36,000 tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction. It is understood that the overall construction of Shanghai Wusong International Cruise Port and Shore-based power supply project is divided into two phases. After full completion, it will cover four berths. The first phase of the project will be completed. Two berths, with a capacity of 16,000 kVA, can not only provide power for international cruises with a frequency of 60 Hz, but also provide power for domestic passenger ships and freighters with a power frequency of 50 Hz, achieving full coverage of power supplies. There are also four power plant coal terminal shore power projects have also been completed.
The national support policy for onshore power supply will expire at the end of March this year, and the existing shore power support policy of this city will also expire in July this year. Many insiders appealed and hoped to clarify the follow-up subsidy policy as soon as possible. Shanghai traffic management department stated that it will With a concerted effort to initiate reforms and reforms, the finance department has researched and formulated a new round of local support policies. It plans to further expand the scope of subsidies for the construction of shore power facilities, increase the subsidy standards for the use of links, facilitate the approval process for the construction of shore power facilities, and improve the construction of port companies and shipping companies. Use the enthusiasm of shore power.
There is still some way to go
However, relying solely on subsidies and other economic incentives can not be widely promoted 'shore power'.
According to industry insiders, the current laws and regulations do not impose mandatory measures for the use of shore power by ships, causing the relevant shipping companies to lack the incentive to use shore power actively without the obvious economic benefits. Shanghai has built cruise liners and container shore-based power supply. The efficiency of the use of the facility is far from the maximum capacity of its design.
The relevant standards and standards need to be improved. After several years of development, the standard specifications for shore power applications have been solved from scratch. They basically solved the problem of the need for standard specifications in the early stages of development. However, most of the current standards and regulations are aimed at dockside power facilities. The reconstruction standards of shore power facilities, ship-shore communication interface standards, acceptance testing standards for shore power facilities, etc. have not yet been perfected, and ship- shore interconnection has been affected. Due to the liquidity characteristics of ships, it is recommended to further improve the shore power interface, facility inspection, and inland water supply at the national level. The establishment of standards and regulations for the construction of docks and shore power provides support for the reliable use of shore power.
Ye Hing suggested that compulsory use policies should be studied to increase the utilization rate of onshore power facilities. On the one hand, the support for shore power construction should continue to be maintained, and incentive policies for guiding the use of shore power facilities should be formulated simultaneously; on the other hand, the implementation of ship emission control areas should be combined. From the national level, it is necessary to use the mandatory and regulatory requirements for shore-based ships to use shore-based power. At the same time, they shall clearly use them. New ships shall be equipped with power-receiving facilities, and old ships shall be refitted on a timely basis. Corresponding Penalty measures.
He also proposed to issue preferential tariff policies to reduce the cost of electricity access. At this stage, the utilization rate of port and shore power facilities is generally low. If the industry expands the capacity, the fees charged by the basic electricity and other power grids, the cost of shore power will be far It is higher than the average level in the city. In order to support the development of electric vehicle charging facilities, the state has given special preferential policies for electricity use. Shore power can refer to the charging facilities to reduce costs for expansion, basic electricity bills, etc. At the same time, the 'hard' constraint on environmental protection policies is also pending. Strengthening, relevant policies and standards also need to be refined. It is recommended that the emission reductions of ships arriving in Hong Kong be included in the assessment of local government emission reductions. At the same time, the compulsory standards for reducing emissions by vessels that berth at ports in China should be formulated and issued, and ships must be issued and released. Use shore electricity metering and charging rules, etc.
It is expected that economic incentives and policy constraints will be implemented in a two-pronged manner to allow shore power to be better promoted, to achieve energy-saving and emission reduction in ports, and ultimately achieve the goal of 'green shipping'.