Recently, many Beijing residents discovered that in some parks and agricultural picking parks, the original bare soil road was covered with a layer of colored wooden slats. The wooden slats were spliced into a vivid pattern and a colorful channel. The citizens clamored for onlookers, and the children ran in joy on top. What were these colored wooden strips? Was it laid on the floor only for decoration?
With these questions, the author came to the relevant technical staff of the Agricultural Machinery Test and Evaluation Promotion Station of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture. They explained: 'These colored slivers are actually processed from garden waste. We put the garden plants in their natural growth. The branches and branches resulting from litter and artificial pruning are collected from the trunks, such as tree trunks, broken, screened, sterilized, decomposed, and dyed. The production and processing become a colorful garden covering matrix, which not only solves the random accumulation of garden waste, but also makes it difficult to handle. The problem has also beautified the environment and dressed up the urban space. This technology is also one of the major technologies promoted by the Beijing Agricultural Machinery Test and Evaluation Extension Station in recent years.
It is understood that color cover is a new type of organic cover products, in addition to beautifying the role of the city, but also has the effect of increasing soil organic matter, adjusting soil pH, preventing soil erosion and other effects.
First of all, the color organic covering can suppress dust and adsorb a variety of harmful substances. After laying the covering, it can reduce the surface wind speed, purify the surrounding air dust, and fix the surface soil. The data shows that in a test cycle, the organic covering is exposed to the exposed soil. 67% of the suspended particles in the air have an adsorption effect, which can reduce the content of PM10 by about 52%, which is of great significance for dust control and prevention and control of smog.
Secondly, organic matter covering the surface of the soil can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. It can also absorb rainwater after rainfall, increase the water holding capacity of the soil, and thus maintain the role of soil moisture. If organic coverings are laid on the roots of urban road landscape trees, Not only beautify the road environment, but also significantly reduce the number of times the trees are watered. At the same time, organic coverings can prevent heavy rain or water from eroding the roots of plants, and play a significant buffer role, effectively preventing soil erosion and soil erosion. .
Once again, the color organic covering can effectively regulate the soil temperature. Studies have shown that the optimum temperature for tree root growth is 15-20°C. When the soil temperature exceeds 35°C, the root system will gradually stop growing. As a megacity in Beijing, the trees in the city are easy to use. Affected by the high-temperature heat island effect in summer, the shallow roots of trees are burned, slowing the growth of trees or even causing death. Organic coverings have a good effect on the regulation of surface soil temperature. In the summer, 5 to 10 cm organic coverings can be laid. The soil temperature is reduced by 6-8°C. At the same time, in the cold winter, the organic matter covering the ground can also play a certain role in insulation, which can reduce the damage of frost and ice on plants.
In addition, due to the influence of the urban environment and the long-term use of wastewater for irrigation and other reasons, there is a general problem of increasing the concentration of salt ions in urban soils, which leads to soil salinization. After laying organic coverings, the soil pH can be effectively improved. After acid rain (acidic liquid) penetrates a 5 cm organic cover, its pH value tends to a neutral range, thereby alleviating plant damage and improving the soil environment.
Finally, the organic covering will be added with certain microbial agents before laying to promote the natural decomposition of the covering. During the decomposition process, the organic covering can release a large number of trace elements necessary for plant growth, thereby increasing the organic matter of the soil.
All along, garden waste disposal has always been a big problem. The large number of detached branches that are naturally shed and artificially trimmed each year cannot be effectively treated. Most of them are piled on the roadside or in the fields, which seriously affects the ecological environment. There are also hidden fire safety hazards.
The Agricultural Machinery Testing and Appraisal Promotion Station of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture continued to investigate and explore. After experimenting and demonstrating a variety of technologies, combined with the production conditions in Beijing, through equipment matching and technology integration, the three-tier mechanization technology model of garden waste was explored and successfully implemented. All quantitative use of garden waste.
The three-stage utilization mechanization technology model of garden waste is based on the biological characteristics of wood residues, using an efficient crusher to break up the broken branches, and sorting the broken strands into 1-5cm, 0.2-1cm, and less than 0.2cm. These three grades are used for organic cover processing, cultivation substrate processing and organic fertilizer processing, respectively, thereby realizing the full quantitative use of garden waste.
The main process of organic cover processing includes the separation and recycling of branches and leaves, rough-breaking treatment, fine-breaking processing, split-screening, dyeing, heap decomposing, sorting, bagging, etc. The organic covering after treatment can be in communities, parks, roads, cities Extensive use in the exposed areas, not only can effectively improve the soil environment, adsorption dust, but also with different colors according to need, splicing a variety of shapes, to beautify the city, create the role of landscape.
The cultivation matrix is processed mainly by using waste from stubs as the basic raw material, adding appropriate amounts of rice hulls, biochar, and adding biological agents, which are piled at a certain ratio and can be used instead of soil for crop cultivation. The utilization efficiency of waste resources also reduces environmental pollution, and can also solve soil salinization, continuous cropping obstacles, and frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases and pests faced by China's vegetable production facilities. The supporting equipment mainly includes branch mills, double shaft mixers, Turning machines, screening and bagging machines, etc.
The organic fertilizer processing adopts aerobic high-temperature composting technology to smash plant wastes such as stub waste, field crop stalks, vegetable rotting rot and fruit, mix with livestock manure such as cow dung, and then add bacteria to compost fermentation. After screening and bagging, it is processed into commodity organic fertilizer and used for agricultural production. It not only absorbs a large amount of agricultural waste, but also reduces the amount of fertilizer and improves the quality of crops. The supporting equipment mainly includes vine choppers, quantitative conveyors, Two-axis mixer, material hoist, turning machine, screening and metering bagging machine.
The harmless treatment and resource utilization of garden wastes is a protracted war, a tough battle, and the exploration and operation of organic covering processing technology solves the problem of garden waste and promotes the process of full quantitative utilization of garden wastes. Landscaping adds momentum.