In the context of the implementation of rural rejuvenation, the agricultural aviation market is vast.
Under the background that plant protection drones will be promoted throughout the country and implement rural rejuvenation strategies next year, the agricultural aviation market is vast. However, it is believed that most people are not very clear about the development of agricultural aviation in China.
On March 31st, at the 10th Undergraduate Entrepreneurial Market 'Precision Agricultural Aviation Special Event' held in South China Agricultural University's Maker Space, Prof. Luo Xiwen, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a doctoral tutor delivered a speech entitled “Status and Trends of China's Agricultural Aviation Development” , From the status quo of the industry development, to the development trend, the problems to be solved urgently and the future development countermeasures, the depth analysis of the development of China's agricultural aviation was carried out.
Academician Luo Xiwen explains the scene
China's Agricultural Aviation Development Status and Trend
The so-called agricultural aviation, according to the definition of Academician Luo Xiwen, includes aviation services for the production of agriculture (including forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery). The general aviation business licenses it covers include three types: The first category includes artificial precipitation, aerial photography, and fishery flying. The second category includes aeronautical forest protection, aerial spraying (Spray), aerial photography, and scientific experiments. The third category includes the use of aircraft with special airworthiness certificates for aeronautical spraying (Sakai). Its main technical areas, operating platform technologies, and aviation remote sensing monitoring technologies And equipment, aeronautical operations technology and equipment (specifically including spraying 'aviation plant protection', fertilization, sowing, assisted pollination).
Agricultural aerial vehicles are mainly manned and unmanned. In 2016, manned aircraft aviation and agroforestry operations were completed 51,000 hours, an increase of 21.3% over 2015. From the perspective of unmanned aerial vehicles, as of December 2016, plant protection The number of man-machine models is about 233, of which single-rotor models account for about 27.5%, multi-rotor models account for about 72.1%, fixed-wing models account for about 0.4%. In terms of power, battery power accounts for about 80.3%, oil power About 19.7%. The models with payloads of 10, 5, 15, 20, 30kg are the mainstream, of which the 10kg models are the most, accounting for 29.6%. By 2017, the national plant protection drones had more than 1.5. Million, the operating area accounts for about 5% of the country's arable land. As of December 31, 2017, the number of drone pilots was 24,407 (including non-agricultural drones).
Agricultural aviation technology has strong advantages in operational efficiency, operational quality, operational adaptability, operating costs, and ability to cope with unexpected disasters. With the advancement of supporting battery technology, the proportion of battery powered drones will continue to climb. China's aerospace development in China will form local conditions and take the road of 'multiple models and multiple operating methods'. The degree of intelligence will also be higher and higher, including, precision variable operations, flight simulation, intelligent route planning, and clustering. Collaborative operations, this degree of intelligence, if it is an automatic stage before 2020, then from 2020 to 2030 will be the smart stage, from 2030 to 2040, it will be the autonomous stage.
Luo Xiwen said that in the next three five-year plans, if the proportion of cultivated land handled by agricultural aviation can reach 30% per year, the demand for China's agricultural aviation market may increase explosively, and the investment in driving new models will reach 75 billion yuan. Above, at the international level, the input-output ratio of the general aviation industry is 1:10, and the employment-to-employment ratio is 1:12, which has a strong pulling effect. In this way, the output value of the agricultural aviation service industry in the future can drive 100 billion yuan annually. yuan.
However, what we must be sobering is that compared to countries with developed agricultural aviation such as the United States, China’s agricultural aviation industry is still a large industry that has not really started yet.
Major issues to be solved in the field of agriculture and aviation
In the field of agricultural aviation in our country, there are such problems as the standard system, related policies and regulations, core technology research and development, service capabilities, and industrial structure. The concrete manifestations are:
1, has not yet formed a perfect standardization system.
There are about 25 standards concerning aviation and forestry aviation operations for manned aircraft, including 21 civil aviation industry standards, 2 agricultural industry standards, and 2 national standards.
2. Agricultural aviation related policies and regulations are not sound.
Agricultural aviation involves a number of sectoral units, and management issues remain unclear. The government’s support for the agricultural aviation industry needs to be further strengthened. Despite the 2017 subsidies for plant protection UAV purchases in Zhejiang (including Ningbo), Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Chongqing and other six provinces (cities) have piloted, but the country should also remove the barriers that hinder the development of the industry at the policy level, and increase support for agricultural aviation enterprises.
Lack of investment in research and development, lagging behind in research on core common key technologies. Luo Xiwen said that the layout of special projects for the 13th Five-Year National Key Development Program included a number of common critical technologies that needed to be addressed in the development of the agricultural aviation industry, but the total investment was only 112 million yuan. The key technologies currently needed to be solved mainly include: Research and equipment development of key technologies for ground and aviation high-efficiency application of pesticides and intelligent equipment and agricultural aviation operations. The former is only 96 million yuan, while the latter is only 16.34 million yuan.
At present, many key technologies are urgently needed to be solved, including special aerosol spray formulations, precision agricultural aviation technologies, intelligent spray job models, and highly intelligent and highly reliable aviation operations key components.
In the field of special spray formulations for aviation, due to the variety of items in China's agricultural production and the diversity of diseases, weeds and weeds, there are significant differences in the content, surface tension and viscosity of the corresponding prescription drugs. Therefore, aviation Spraying a special dosage form also requires a large number of experimental studies on the atomization effects, efficacy, and effects on crop physiology of different operating models.
In precision agricultural aviation technology, including low-altitude remote sensing technology based on drones, low-altitude remote sensing data analysis and job prescription (fat, medicine) decision-making and aviation variable operation technology (fertilizer, medicine).
The intelligent spray job model involves automating the matching of operating conditions, aircraft parameters, operating parameters, and formulation prescriptions.
In high-intelligence, high-reliability key components for aeronautical operations, including fixed-speed flight simulation, obstacle identification and avoidance, good uniformity of droplet deposition, pressure nozzles with small particle diameter variations, centrifugal sprinklers, and static electricity Spray and other technologies, high precision, high reliability of flying and spraying operations technology.
The service capacity of social organizations is not strong. The main performance is plant protection drone companies are overwhelming and the social service organizations are not sufficiently detailed.
In the case of a small enterprise and unreasonable industrial structure, the specific situation is: The number of enterprises with registered capital exceeding RMB 100 million is very small, and most enterprises are in the initial stage of growth. At the same time, industrial clusters are not high and products are homogenized. More serious. Moreover, the collaborative innovation capability between upstream and downstream of the industrial chain is insufficient, and no complementary development of the industrial structure has been formed. The homogenization competition has been continuously intensified: multi-rotor electric plant protection drones, the rapid development of integrated machine development costs, the industry’s Low barriers to entry and corporate profits
Such irrationality also includes that the role of leading companies and brand influence in the market is not prominent enough: In aeronautical operations services, disorderly competition, vicious competition and other phenomena occur from time to time; a small number of enterprises cut costs by cutting corners and reducing work quality. , seriously disrupted the market's competitive order and impaired the transaction and credit environment between the enterprise and the user.
Only by solving problems such as standards and policies can we develop healthily.
To solve these problems, Luo Xiwen seems to be able to respond from several aspects including management, models, standards, innovation, applications, and policies.
In terms of management, to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the agricultural aviation industry, it is necessary to clarify the governmental authorities of agricultural aviation, to manage the development of the national agricultural aviation industry in an integrated manner, formulate industrial development plans, establish market access systems and management practices, and 3. The effective supervision of the quality of agricultural technical products and operational safety in the aerospace industry.
On the issue of mode, we can further explore the development model of China's agricultural aviation, whether it is manned fixed-wing aircraft, or manned helicopters, has been unmanned helicopters, and other such as paramotors.
Regarding the issue of standards, it is necessary to further strengthen the formulation of China's aeronautical aeronautical standards and specifications, including the design, production and manufacturing of agricultural aerial vehicles, technical standards for agricultural aerial vehicle products, quality inspection standards and quality management systems, and agricultural flight operations operators. Job training and qualification certification system, as well as agricultural aviation operation quality, control effect evaluation and environmental risk assessment standard specification.
The so-called innovation needs to further strengthen the collaborative research on key technologies of China's agricultural aviation. Specifically, on the power: the engine of the oil motive, the battery and the motor of the motor, and the flight control system, the reliability of the intelligent control mode is improved, and the stability In terms of additives: Do a good job of anti-drift, anti-evaporation work, spraying parts: to achieve droplet distribution, electrostatic spray, to the point where agronomy and agronomy integration.
In terms of application, it is necessary to further strengthen the promotion of agricultural aviation technology. In the case of flight safety and environmental safety, we must ensure the quality of manufacturing and operations, and at the same time increase economic efficiency, social benefits, and ecological benefits. At the same time, we must do a good job in expansion. Work in the field, whether it is aviation plant protection, agricultural information collection, fertilization, sowing, pollination.
In terms of policy, he believes that the following points can be made:
First, set 500 meters above the agricultural area of China as an open space for manned aircraft, 20 meters as an open airspace for drones (which has basically been realized), simplify the approval process, and implement a filing system;
Second, research and formulate policies to support the development of China's agricultural aircraft and aviation plant protection equipment manufacturing industry;
Third, provide financial subsidies for the purchase of agricultural aircraft and aviation plant protection equipment (some provinces and cities have started pilot projects);
4. Provide preferential policies for specialized and socialized agricultural aviation service organizations in training services, financing loans, and operating taxes.