Datian Mud Wet Nursery
As the country's largest food crop, rice has 32% of the grain planted area and 56% of the main grain area. China's annual rice planting area is approximately 30 million hectares. Therefore, rice planting mechanization is a major strategic issue related to China's food security. The level of comprehensive mechanization of crop cultivation and harvest in China has grown rapidly, but mechanized cultivation in rice production remains a weak link. In 2016, the mechanization rate of rice planting was only 44.45%.
Mechanized seedling transplanting is currently the mainstream technology adopted in China's main rice production areas. With the vigorous promotion of hybrid rice cultivation, the mechanized rice transplanting technology suitable for hybrid rice is gradually being explored and improved. In response to the large-scale transformation, mechanized production conditions The challenges of the decline in the area under the hybrid rice cultivation, Professor Zou Yingbin of the Hunan Agricultural University solved the production problems of large-scale hybrid rice transplanting, short seedling age, poor quality seedlings, long greening time, difficult to match the early and late season varieties, and achieved Hybrid rice seedlings were planted by single seedlings, and planting of large seedlings was planted to form a 'high yield and efficient cultivation technique of hybrid rice single planting machines', that is, 'hybrid rice printing and sowing, field breeding, and seedling cultivation techniques'.
The technology passed the technical appraisal of 9 experts including Yuan Longping and Academician Zhang Hongcheng in October 2015. It has reached the international advanced level; won the first China International Rice Forum in Sanya's Rice Annual Innovative Technology Award in 2017; obtained in 2018. National Invention Patent.
Single seed positioning sowing
The press is made of 'rice roll'
In the past two years, the planting area of hybrid rice has actually decreased gradually, and the growing tendency of conventional rice has been increasing. This is mainly due to the high cost of hybrid rice, the low rate of transplanted rice, the large amount of rice seeds, and the high production cost. More inclined to choose conventional rice cultivation.
'In the southern hybrid rice production area, the percentage of transplanted rice plants is very small, and most farmers choose hand-planting, live broadcasting, throwing dumplings and other methods, but there are problems such as high labor intensity, especially high seed use. ' Professor Zou Yingbin said, The problem of precision seeding and sowing of hybrid rice must be solved.
In March 2015, Sha Chunyang, the general manager of Jiangsu Huai'an Hande Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly Jiangsu Huai'an Hande Printing Machinery Co., Ltd.), called Professor Zou, passionately introducing the rice print-sowing machine, that is, after spreading rice on the paper. Like printing presses, the Chinese characters are printed on paper and arranged neatly. Prof. Zou said: 'I immediately answered that this was a wonderful idea. So I immediately flew to Huai'an and visited the manager of Sand. I watched the on-going printing sowing site. He discussed how to improve the gluing device of the seeder to meet the need for precise seeding of hybrid rice.
When people saw a printing press like a printed newspaper, it gradually revealed a long “rice roll”. It was not a word printed on it. It was actually a grain of rice that was arranged neatly. This was more than 10 meters long. The 'rice roll' was flattened into the field, sprinkled with thin soil, and the rice was sown.
A printing press, a scroll wheel, and a funnel form the transformed 'rice press': instead of ink, it is coated with edible glue to facilitate the sticking of rice seed to paper; the process of gum and paper synthesis In the process, the roller is used to punch holes during gluing; a funnel is installed above the machine to convey the rice seeds and fixed in the exact position.
It is understood that the rice printing planter uses ordinary paper without phosphor powder and is non-toxic and harmless. The edible glue is made of corn starch, which is economical and environmental friendly. It can dissolve water in the soil and will not cause environmental burden. This implement is used for rice There are no special requirements for the variety. Conventional rice and hybrid rice are suitable. Due to the higher price of hybrid rice, the traditional rice transplanting method causes uneven seeding of the hybrid rice, and the amount of seed is large, resulting in waste. Using this technology can greatly save the use of species. Quantity, reduce production costs.
Datian Beds
Precise seeding to increase seedlings
Printing and positioning seeding, increasing the seed germination rate and seedling seedling rate are three key technical links for the single seedling planting techniques of hybrid rice.
In order to increase the seed germination rate of seeds for precision seed positioning of hybrid rice seedlings, the national standard for the germination rate of hybrid rice seeds is 80% or more. Based on the seed selection of hybrid rice, photoelectricity is applied. The machine re-selects the commodity seed to remove moldy discolored seeds, rice and other debris, and select highly vibrant seeds.
Apply commercially available rice seed coating agents, or use seed initiators, fungicides, insecticides, film formers, etc. to prepare seed coating agents from self-research, and apply high-vibrant seeds after selection to coat seed germs and seedlings. During the period of pests and diseases, increase the seedling rate of the germinating seeds. After the coated hybrid rice seeds are generally planted within 25 days after sowing, the pests do not need to be re-prevented.
The seed is positioned on the sowing paper, glued and fixed with degradable starch glue, and the paper is bundled while sowing, so it is easy to transport. The sown paper can be put on the water line, that is, the substrate is automatically filled on the seeder, the paper is placed, the substrate is covered, Watering and soaking and other line operations in the greenhouse or nursery.
A printing planter is about 55,000 yuan. Compared with traditional machine transplanters, seed use can be reduced by more than 50%, seed cost can be saved by 60-90 yuan/mu, and seed processing, paper production and labor costs are increased by 20 yuan each. The offsetting cost may be about 40-70 yuan/mu. In addition, due to the sowing of seeds, the seedling age can be extended by 10 to 15 days, prolonging the time of raising the seedlings, increasing the seedling growth time, and improving the seedling quality.
In southern China, crops are grown more often, and crops of two or three crops a year are produced. Generally speaking, the longer the growing period of crops, the higher the yield. The extension of the age of stubble leaves more room for farmers to choose seedlings, and they can choose longer growing seasons. Varieties increase yield. 'The contradictions in the seasons of planting double-season rice are outstanding. It takes hundreds of acres of farmland for large grain producers to complete harvesting. It takes a long time to transplant, and if the age is too short, it will not be able to adapt to the needs of production. The technology can reach about one month's breeding time, play a better buffer effect for the agricultural consumption period, and has great significance for agricultural production. ' Professor Zou introduced.
Demonstration farms increase production, farmers’ confidence increases
Chen Dongke, a farming farmer from Pingtou Village, Yong'an Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, was the earliest model household to come into contact with this technology. When the early rice was raised, he chatted with Lao Chen during the lunch break. 'What do you think of this technology?' Zou Yingbin asked The old lady smiled and told the story of the first small area demonstration.
One grain of seeds was evenly printed on the paper. It was really good to see. It was broadcasted in the dish. It was less than 20g per dish. The surrounding peasants came to see the fresh farmers and began to chant: 'Often the ordinary one broadcasted almost 80g, so less. Many kinds of children, can you do it?' Elder Chen also played drums. He usually broadcasts so many kinds of things. It's still leaking into the fields. What are the few seeds that can yield?
Technicians carefully explained how seeds were selected for coating to increase seed germination rate, how to position seeding to achieve dilute seed sowing, and seedling cultivation could extend seedling age, cultivate large seedlings, insert into Daejeon, return to Qingshui, have good individual development, and strong ability to deliver, which is conducive to exertion. The hybrid rice has the advantage of increasing the yield of big panicles and so on.
Lao Chen confiscated the suspects and put them in good health. The seedlings were very strong. They were thicker than conventional seedlings, and their root system was developed. Some of them even had their own birth. They could be inserted into the fields. Others were all green fields and fields. What kind of seedlings began to falter again and hurriedly contacted the technician. The technician comforted him for another two weeks and the field would be different.
Lao Chen recalled the situation in the past two months. In the first two days, the field still did not improve. From the third day onwards, it was obviously different. It was better to turn green than the machine inserted on the same day. It had not waited until half a month. The seedlings in the field were significantly more common than normal. Machine inserts grow well. The yield of rice cultivated using this technique was 100 kg/mu more than that of conventional machine transplants.
Today, Lao Chen's 150-mu rice fields are all planted with high-yielding, high-efficiency cultivation techniques using hybrid rice seedlings. This effectively extends the age of the locusts and gives them more time to win. He changed the original tens of acres of rice to double. Season rice, early and late rice production exceeded 550kg/mu.
At present, the 'rice-printing planter cultivation technology' is mainly used in cooperatives and large grain producers in Hunan, Anhui, and Hubei, and Long Ping Gaoke Co., Ltd., an honorary chairman of Academician Yuan Longping, is also working hard to develop and apply this technology. However, regarding the degree of acceptance of grain farmers, it will take more time to change their traditional planting methods. A large part of the southern rice transplanter is subsidized by the government, but the hybrid rice planter has not yet been subsidized. In accordance with market rules, the increase in production costs brought about by new production links, grain farmers are more willing to choose subsidized traditional machine insertion methods, and the demand for conservation of seed use is not high. 'The cost of buying rice seeds is shared by the country. However, after entering large-scale production, the method of relying on the policy of giving away rice seeds is not desirable, and the promotion of new technologies is a long way to go. Zou Yingbin said.