Our common water heaters are solar water heaters, electric water heaters and gas water heaters, but no matter which one, it will take a while to heat the water.
Now, a research team at Uppsala University in Sweden has come up with the fastest water heater in the world. How fast is it? In 75 seconds, the water is heated to 100,000 degrees Celsius! 1 Femtoseconds are equal to one quarter-of-a-second.
Wow, this water heater is almost explosive! The team used a special 'X-ray free electron laser' to heat the water. The strangest thing is that water heated to such a high temperature actually does not evaporate!
Let's talk about this 'X-ray free electron laser' first. In 1971, John Madey discovered that the relativistic free electrons moving in undulators interact with light to produce coherent radiation amplification. The free electron laser (FEL) also results in name.
The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory provides this equipment. X-ray imaging is a unique and irreplaceable technology.
On the one hand, it is due to the strong penetrability of X-rays in solids. On the other hand, the wavelength of X-rays is short enough to directly resolve the atomic structure of matter.
Therefore, in this experiment, researchers at Uppsala University used X-ray free electron lasers to explore the unknown truth of water.
This laser water heating method is different from the conventional hot water method that we use in daily life. When the water is heated conventionally, the heat causes the movement of water molecules to increase and the water temperature rises.
Temperature is an amount that characterizes the speed of the Brownian motion of a molecule in an object, that is, the more violent the motion of a molecule within an object, the higher the temperature.
But this time the laser heating is different, and it does the opposite. Strong X-rays blew out the electrons in the water molecule, thus destroying the charge balance in the water molecule, which in turn causes the atoms to repel Under the influence of the action, there is a dramatic movement.
Prof. Olof Jonsson, a researcher, said that when the water becomes a plasma, because the atoms in the water molecule have no future movement, their density is the same as that of normal liquid water.
Substances in this state are very rare and have not appeared on Earth before. Yang and Jupiter have similar plasmas, but their density is much lower than the plasma water obtained in this experiment.
You know, the plasma temperature of the water in the experiment has reached 100,000 degrees, which is even more than the temperature of the core!
And during the experiment, the scientists found that the water in different states had a poor performance in terms of density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, etc.
From this it can be seen that water, a material that looks so ordinary, is actually covered with a veil, which possesses unknown properties.
So what does it take for scientists to come up with such a water heater? Does it really want people to use faster water heaters? Of course not. Even so, who will buy them?
The scientists said that they wanted to study the characteristics of water in more depth because the X-ray laser can display the physical structure characteristics in a very short time.
So in this way, the water ionizes and breaks all its chemical bonds, thus heating the water.
However, it should be said that the water at such a high temperature should evaporate instantly. Why there is no evaporation during the experiment has yet to be explored.