Recently, the details of the voting on the 5G standard in the 3GPP meeting were exposed two years ago. Lenovo suffered from the public opinion of why the '5G standard does not vote for Huawei'. Lenovo’s founder Liu Chuanzhi who had retired for many years also had to issue an open letter clarifying himself. In the first round of the 5G eMBB scheme (RAN1#86bis) voted by the 3GPP organization, Lenovo Group chose the LDPC technology solution based on its own prior technology and patent reserves. In the second round of voting (RAN1#87), we considered comprehensively. The country’s overall industry cooperation, innovation and development, resolutely chose Polar code solutions that did not have much technology accumulated before Lenovo. Lenovo's voting principle is no problem, there is no problem in implementation!'
In fact, the above 3GPP meeting minutes can be publicly inquired from the Internet: From the voting results, Lenovo voted on LDPC when voting on the first coding system, and then voted on the data channel short code system and control channel system. All voted for Polar.
'3GPP adopts a one-vote veto system. No one opposes it and will not change the development of the process. 'Liu Zeshen, the founder of Love Live Network, told Nandu reporters that at present, LDPC, Polar, and Turbo are not the three sets of standards that the company holds the absolute right to speak. 'It is an era of convergence, and the fragmentation of the 3G era has brought a huge 'team' risk. Now, several sets of standard manufacturers have a certain amount of voice.'
LDPC, Polar standard is not unique
From the summary of the 3GPP 86bth meeting in August 2016, it can be seen that the LDPC, Polar and Turbo coding schemes were formally proposed, and the lead supporters were Qualcomm, Huawei and LG.
At the conference, four sets of schemes for data encoding were proposed: LDPC only, Polar only, LDPC+Polar, and LDPC+Turbo. Turbo, the mainstream 3G/4G encoding scheme, is the least supported vendor.
From the results of the voting, only Huawei chose 'only polar', and 16 companies chose 'only LDPC' and 'use LDPC+polar' solutions. Lenovo also voted in this section. LDPC'.
'From the perspective of the entire camp, Lenovo's vote did not have a decisive impact on the results.' The chief editor of the three-dimensional life told reporters that the 3GPP's vote is not 'one person, one vote', but the concept of weight. The conclusion of the meeting Yes: LDPC has obtained the long code for 'data encoding', while the short code is reserved for discussion at 87 meetings.
From the second poll of the 87th meeting, the polar code camp has obviously grown a lot. The turbo code has only a few manufacturers such as orange to support it. The LDPC solution was obtained by Samsung, Alcatel-Lucent, and Shanghai Bell. Ericsson and Intel supported the Polar program, which was supported by all Chinese and Taiwanese manufacturers, as well as international manufacturers such as Toshiba, Broadcom, and Bell Mobile. From a quantitative point of view, 53 companies also overtook 33 of the former. According to this meeting As a result, LDPC is used for the 'long code + short code' of data encoding, and polar is selected for channel control encoding.
'Data encoding and channel control coding, a simple understanding, the former is to convert the data into a transmission code, the latter is to control the transmission, receiving data code instructions.' A person in the industry told Nandu reporter. Communication expert Xiang Ligang then Metaphorically, the data encoding can be understood as a container, while the channel control code is a terminal management.
Actually, LDPC is not a Qualcomm home. Polar is not a Huawei company either. 'The Thunder told Nandu reporters,' The LDPC code is a coding principle proposed by a professor in the United States in 1962. The Polar code is a coding principle proposed by a Turkish professor in 2008. '5G The integration era is where I have you, and you have me. Huawei also has certain LDPC patents. '5G people will all bet on multiple sides, not like the 3G, 4G era there is a clear patent wall or exclusive situation.'
Chinese patents are steadily rising
"From a macroscopic point of view, the cost of each communication change has increased at a geometric level, and the camps have been repeatedly changed. It has been very vague. 'An industry source told Nandu reporters that in fact, 5G integration is a trend, 'There has been no participation.' Can take part in the risk of team separation caused by split standards. '
In fact, in the 3G era, the Chinese manufacturer Datang Telecom had dominated TD-SCDMA as the world's three major standards and had given great support to the country. The China Mobile 3G license with TD-CDMA standard was two years earlier than the other two. Year. But because the 3G transition time is too fast, the initial investment has not yet fully income entered the 4G era, which also led to Datang Telecom overwhelmed. The financial report shows that Datang Telecom losses in the past two years, 4.4 billion, debt ratio reached 99.5%, 43.8 Billion's revenue is the same as 7 years ago, which is about half of the highest point in 2015.
'Compatible with each other, but also in order not to let a company occupy the absolute right to speak.' An industry source told Nandu reporter, this time why Turbo received less supporters, is that everyone wants to weaken the voice of the original technology camp is one of the reasons.
Although Turbo coding is proposed by Europe, Qualcomm holds a major technology patent among them. In the 3G era, the three standards 'TD-SCDMA', 'CDMA2000', and 'WCDMA' all have a 'CDMA' which is a Qualcomm exclusive technology; By 4G, Qualcomm’s dominance was no longer apparent, but it soon acquired Flarion for US$600 million. Flash OFDM proposed by this company is also a key technology of 4G. “So to these 3G standards, there is no absolute technology. Voice vendors produce. '
"Of course, it is certain that the so-called European camp and the American camp are constantly changing their ratios. China has the largest operators and the largest group of communication users. The right to speak in the entire 5G standard is obviously improved. According to the disclosure, 'At the same time, the number of patent pools in China has steadily increased, while the other two camps continue to fluctuate.'
The country also gave tremendous support. In August last year, the State Council issued the “Guidance Opinion on Further Expanding and Upgrading the Potential of Information Consumption for Sustaining the Demand for Domestic Demand”, which clearly pointed out that the 5G standard research, technical testing, and industrial advancement should be promoted. In April this year, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance issued the “Notice on Relevant Issues for Reducing the Fraction of Radio Frequency Occupancy Fees,” which mentioned: To reduce the frequency occupancy rate for frequency bands above 3000 MHz and 5G public mobile communications systems, the policy The implementation will save operators a lot of capital expenditures, and will benefit the 5G industry chain companies. Considering only the currently-determined spectrum planning, the operators will save about 4 billion yuan annually in the first 1-3 years, and save about 4-6 years each year. 3.6 billion yuan, 3.1 billion yuan, 2.7 billion yuan, starting in the 7th year, it will save about 2.25 billion yuan in frequency occupation fee every year.