Experts interviewed:
Associate Professor of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Sun Lingyu
As the saying goes, 'Ten people have nine stomachs', stomach acid, bloating, stomach pain has become a common problem in the modern world. According to the World Health Organization report, 50% of gastric cancer is related to Helicobacter pylori, and the risk of gastric cancer in people with Helicobacter pylori infection will be Increased 2~3 times. In this issue, the invited experts explained in detail why the small bacteria harm is so huge. It also loves who to 'provoke'.
Helicobacter pylori love to find three types of people
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral, microanaerobic bacterium belonging to gram-negative bacteria. It grows best on the surface of gastric epithelial cells and the bottom of gastric mucous membranes. It has the largest number of gastric antrums and less stomach and stomach bottom. 1983 In the year, Australia's internal medicine resident Marshall isolated for the first time a biopsy of gastric mucosa in patients with chronic active gastritis. Helicobacter pylori is the only microorganism known to survive in the human stomach.
Helicobacter pylori can produce a variety of toxins, such as adhesion factors, ester polysaccharides, urease, vacuolar cytotoxins, and cytotoxin-associated proteins. Urease can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier, cause the body to produce inflammation and immune response, and increase gastric secretion. The secretion of hormones is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers such as gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. The longer the Helicobacter pylori infection, the higher the risk of gastric cancer, the younger the age of infection, and the later gastric cancer The possibility is greater. In our country, Helicobacter pylori infection was included in the screening of early gastric cancer.
The most favorite is to infect the table. Helicobacter pylori is 'bacteria to eat' and it is highly contagious. The most common form of infection is through mouth-to-mouth transmission, or faecal-oral transmission. It is most easily infected at the table. Eating out, if the restaurant tableware disinfection is not up to standard, or several people do not use common chopsticks when eating together, sandwiching each other, may cause infection.
The routes of transmission of Helicobacter pylori include the following categories: 1. Irritating foods. These foods are prone to Helicobacter pylori invasion. Since irritating foods are prone to irritation of the gastric mucosa, the resistance of the stomach is reduced, resulting in the invasion of Helicobacter pylori. 2. Eat raw. Nowadays, more and more people begin to love Western food, Japanese food, and steaks are cooked until they are cooked seven or even three-cooked. If the boiled hotpot has not been cooked yet, then it is time to start eating. This is why it is infected with Helicobacter pylori. Hidden danger. 3. Kissing. Helicobacter pylori can also be detected in saliva. If couples deeply kiss, the spread of Helicobacter pylori will be unimpeded.
'Preference' Three types of people. Helicobacter pylori also has its own preferences, the following three types of people are the most likely to be eyeing.
Children under 10 years of age. Among children infected with Helicobacter pylori in China, 40% to 60% are infected under 10 years of age, and increase rapidly every year from 3% to 10%; and those infected above 10 years old only annually In addition, the rate of H. pylori infection is low in children in economically developed countries and regions, while the infection rate in children in developing and poor regions is high. Moreover, chronic diarrhea, malnutrition , Children with low immune function, and orphans, mentally handicapped children and other vulnerable groups, the infection rate is much higher than that of healthy children of the same age.
People living in dwelling homes. Children living in crowded home environments, especially parents, are more likely to get infected. A survey of Shaanxi Province found that the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was negative with the size of family homes. Relevant. Urban households with high and low water systems, regardless of adults or children, have a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection than rural households that do not have such a system. There is no risk of H. pylori infection at home without a flush toilet.
People in water-contaminated areas survey found that the rate of H. pylori infection among people who drink pond water is higher than that of people drinking drinking water, and the infection rate of people drinking tap water is the lowest. Studies have shown that H. pylori can survive in river water for more than a week. , and sometimes even survive for a year or so.
Sterilization of tableware can be prevented at each meal. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori is the most important thing to do in order to prevent personal hygiene. Prevent disease from entering the mouth. Use common chopsticks as much as possible. If someone in the family is infected with Helicobacter pylori, it is necessary to separate meals. Tableware should be boiled and sterilized on a regular basis. 20 minutes.
Older generations and some parents like to feed their children orally and chew food before feeding. Unconsciously use the tongue to sense the temperature of the food, or try the temperature with a pacifier before feeding. Some parents also You will eat the same bowl of rice with your child. These habits should be abandoned. Otherwise, H. pylori in your mouth and stomach may be transmitted to your child.
In addition, you must wash your hands before and after meals to prevent the spread of Helicobacter pylori. Before the couple is affectionate, you must fully clean your mouth. In summer, you must pay attention to drinking less raw water and eating less raw food (such as salad).
By the time of physical examination in the hospital, Helicobacter pylori can be effectively detected by gastroscope and carbon-13 urea breath test. The latter is more simple and convenient. Once diagnosed, it is necessary to go to a regular hospital as soon as possible. H. pylori high-risk groups should be every 2 to 3 A gastroscopy is performed once a year. Adults under 50 years old need to have a gastroscope every 3 years; those over 50 years old should do it every 2 years. ▲
