Pan Jianwei stated that the scientific revolution will usually bring about an industrial revolution. 'There are two scientific revolutions in human history. The first scientific revolution was brought about by Newtonian mechanics. With the application of Newtonian mechanics, the first industrial revolution took place. It is represented by the steam engine. In the process, Britain emerged as the world’s number one powerhouse at the end of the 18th century; at the same time, with the second industrial transformation of electrical technology brought by electrical technology, Germany became the number one in the 19th century and the United States in the 20th century. Strong country. The second scientific revolution brought about by relativity and quantum mechanics was born at the beginning of the last century. It immediately gave birth to the third industrial revolution, represented by information technology. During this process, Japan seized the opportunity to promote Industrial power. '
He believes that the development of modern information technology is based on quantum technology. In the development of nuclear weapons, modern general-purpose computers have been spawned, and the quantum research on high-energy physics industry has spawned the Internet. However, after so many years of development, information technology has To some serious challenges, the first is the bottleneck of information security.
Pan Jianwei said that with the development of computing power, security issues are getting more and more serious, and all classical encryption algorithms that rely on computational complexity will in principle be cracked. So in 1841 it was suggested that human intelligence cannot construct human beings. Unbreakable password.
The second bottleneck, Pan Jianwei seems to be based on more powerful computing capabilities. He said that at present, the world's computing capacity cannot be comprehensively searched for the 80th power of 2 data in one year, and the traditional computing capacity development model Has been severely constrained.
Pan Jianwei said that quantum mechanics has been prepared to solve these two problems. 'Quantum is a very small particle. It is the most basic unit of matter and it is also the most basic carrier of energy. It has an inseparable nature. There is another very interesting feature that is called overlay. The basic unit of our daily information processing is 0 or 1, if we use a cat to represent, birth and death represent 0 and 1, in the quantum world, this cat It can not only be in 0 or 1 state, but can even be in the superposition of two states of life and death. It can exist simultaneously.
Pan Jianwei continues to introduce, 'Quantum superposition has a very strange feature. When you measure it, you will find that the state has changed. Measuring it will have an effect on it. There is a quantum non-cloning theorem. Quantum cannot copy precisely, because there is no way to pass it. Measurements copy it out, which constitutes a prerequisite for the security of quantum encryption technology.
In terms of computing power, according to Pan Jianwei, the power of quantum computing is exponentially increasing with the number of bits. It takes 150,000 years for teraflops to decompose large numbers of 300 digits, and it takes only 1 second to use trillions of quantum computers; The system of billions of variable equations, utilizing billions of times of classic supercomputing and taking 100 years, only takes 0.01 seconds to use trillions of quantum computers.
Therefore, he compared the quantitative calculations to the nuclear weapons of the peace era. Not only China, the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States have invested in this aspect; although China has certain advantages in several aspects of quantum technology, the United States cannot afford quantum technology. At the cost of failure in the revolutionary competition, they are also preparing to launch quantum-related technologies such as quantum secrecy communication and electronic computing similar to China and the EU.
Pan Jianwei believes that with the development of quantum computing, general-purpose quantum computing can take a decade or even twenty years, but if the network is optimized, accelerated learning may become a reality in the near future; Pan Jianwei hopes that After 10-15 years of hard work, we can achieve coherent manipulation of hundreds of qubits.