21st Century Economic Research Analyst Zhou Hui Intern Zhang Jianlin
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From the perspective of urban distribution, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai are in absolute leading positions. Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu are located in the second tier; in terms of universities, Zhejiang University, HIT and Tsinghua lead.
Intellectual property is increasingly becoming a core element of strategic resources and competitiveness for development. The number of patents has also become one of the important indicators for measuring local innovation capacity and regional competitiveness.
On April 26, on the eve of the National Intellectual Property Day, the 2017 Annual Report of the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, which the 21st Century Business Herald reporter learned from the State Intellectual Property Office, showed that in 2017, the number of Chinese invention patent applications reached 1.382 million. , an increase of 14.2% year-on-year, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years; PCT international patent applications received 51,000, an increase of 12.5% year-on-year, ranking second in the world.
According to the analysis of the regional patent authorization data in the above report, the 21st Century Economic Research Institute found that the number of domestic patent grants has differentiated significantly. Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, the major economic provinces, have led the country in the number of patents granted, and have been the leading universities in Hubei, Shaanxi, and other research institutes. There is no obvious advantage in the provinces that have gathered.
From the perspective of urban distribution, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai are in absolute leading positions. Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu are located in the second tier; in terms of universities, Zhejiang University, HIT and Tsinghua lead.
Leading economic province patent licensing
According to the analysis of the annual status data of domestic provinces' patent authorizations in 2017, taking a look at the scale of provincial patent grants in the province, three echelon distributions are presented.
The number of patents granted to the first echelon exceeds 100,000. This part is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shandong and other places. Among them, Guangdong Province ranks first with 332,652 patents, while Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces Of the 227,187 patents, 213,805 patent licenses ranked second and third.
The second echelon, that is, the number of patents granted exceeds 10,000. The report shows that except for the economic and technological innovations in Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces, the strong momentum in technological innovation far exceeds that of other provinces and regions in the country, such as Shanghai and Fujian, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan and other eastern regions. And the Midwest population is also taking the lead in follow-up, with Shanghai, Fujian and Sichuan taking the lead in the second tier with 72,806, 68,304 and 64,006 respectively.
There are no more than 10,000 patent authorizations for the third echelon. This part is mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Hainan and other places. Among them, Inner Mongolia and Hainan have 6271 pieces respectively, and 2133 patents are authorized, which is not small with the eastern economically developed areas. gap.
The 21st Century Institute of Economic Research believes that the comparison of the number of patents in various provinces and cities roughly shows the stepwise distribution characteristics declining from the east to the central and western regions. The regional differentiation is obvious, which is basically consistent with the spatial pattern of China's regional economic development.
In the second echelon, Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces where colleges and universities' scientific research institutes were concentrated did not stand out. Among them, 46,369 were granted in Hubei and 34,554 were in Shaanxi. Among them, Hubei ranked behind Anhui and Henan, Shaanxi Only half of Fujian.
According to the 21st Century Institute of Economic Research, Beijing is a traditional political, economic, scientific and cultural center, scientific research institution and scientific and technological enterprise. The number of patents has always been in the leading position in the country. The reason why Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are far ahead is related to the local Economic development, private economy is not uninterested, there are more local innovative companies.
Of the top ten companies in the national patent grants in 2017, four are headquartered in Guangdong, including Huawei, ZTE, Gree and Guangdong Opal Mobile Communications.
In 2017, the proportion of enterprises in China’s domestic invention patent applications and possessions reached 63.3% and 66.4%, respectively, which was 1.6 and 0.9 percentage points higher than in 2016. The maintenance rate of effective invention patents for domestic companies was more than 5 years, reaching 70.9%. Compared with 2016, it has increased by 3.4 percentage points. It can be seen that the number of local patents is closely related to the degree of innovation activity of local enterprises.
Sub-provincial cities in Shenzhen lead
According to the analysis of the annual status data of some of the sub-provincial-level cities in China in 2017, we can see that the special economic zone Shenzhen is the only one that holds a total of 94,221 patent grants in 2017, which exceeds that of many domestic provinces. Followed by Guangzhou, The three sub-provincial cities of Hangzhou and Chengdu have respectively 60,270 pieces, 42,311 pieces of patents, and 41,091 pieces of patents. Ningbo, Nanjing, Wuhan and Xi'an have more than 25,000 patents granted.
From the perspective of urban distribution, the top seven cities in the sub-provincial cities are all southern cities, and the eighth place is Xi’an. The four cities in the northeast are Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, and Dalian, which are generally underdeveloped.
Among them, except for Harbin, which had achieved 12,117 patent authorizations in 2017, there were no more than 10,000 patent authorizations in Shenyang, Dalian, and Changchun, of which Shenyang had 9891 patents, and Changchun had 8189 patents, Dalian had 7768 patent grants.
According to the 21st Century Institute of Economic Research, Shenzhen is still the center of innovation and entrepreneurship of enterprises nationwide after Beijing, followed by Guangzhou, and Hangzhou and Chengdu have become the most innovative cities in second-tier cities. Nanjing and Ningbo in the Yangtze River Delta also performed well. However, universities in Wuhan and Xi'an must also work hard to give full play to their strengths in scientific research and improve the vitality of innovation in local enterprises and the whole society. In particular, local enterprises should be encouraged to increase R&D investment and enhance their R&D and innovation capabilities.
Among them, Hangzhou, a second-tier city with better performance, has taken Hangzhou as an example. Hangzhou has issued the “13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Intellectual Property Rights in Hangzhou”, “Administrative Measures for Hangzhou’s Patent Special Funds,” and “Measures for the Administration of Intellectual Property Funds for the Management of Key Industries in Hangzhou”. “Interim Measures on the Management of Hangzhou Patented Insurance and Subsidy Funds” and other documents. Chengdu also began implementing the five major projects of intellectual property management reform, escort development, quality improvement, innovation and environment optimization in 2018, and started Chengdu to build a national intellectual property market. Create a city.
Zhejiang University, HIT, Tsinghua Homestead
The report shows that in 2017, domestic invention patents accounted for the top ten colleges and universities, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University were 1951, 1576, respectively, and 1,506 patents were among the best.
The top ten universities authorized by the remaining patents are: 1452 in Southeast University, 1186 in Electronic Science and Technology University, 1148 in Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1146 in South China University of Technology, 1110 in Xidian University, and 1,087 in Shanghai Jiaotong University. Jilin University 1045.
In fact, the three universities of Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology and Tsinghua University have long been leading other science and engineering universities in terms of valid patents and patent authorization.
In recent years, Zheda’s invention patent applications and authorizations have been at the forefront of the nation. The media publicly reported that Zheda not only has strong academic disciplines, talents, and excellent capital reserves, but also actively promotes the planning of curriculum-related settings, such as school-specific settings. The “patent application” and “patent writing” courses strengthened students’ ability to systematically master the patent application process and skills. Zhejiang University’s official website also saw series of lectures on how to apply for patents.
HIT’s patent applications and authorizations are closely followed. According to the data, HIT’s goal is to establish a “principal strong school” and set up an intellectual property rights management committee for the school’s main body of leadership, and through the introduction of a patent “cost” application and authorization grant incentives. The model is to guide the patentization of high-tech achievements and promote the improvement of the quality of patents; to guide funds from 'applying for funding' to 'operating support' to further improve the quality and effective patent ownership.
In April 2018, data from the “2017 China Patent Investigation Report” published by the State Intellectual Property Office showed that 58% of colleges and universities believe that there is a lack of professional team for technology transfer when answering the biggest obstacle in the patent transformation related to patent transformation. 39.9% of universities believe that 'professional technology is relatively low'; 38.2% of universities believe that 'professional technology industrialization funds are insufficient'; 24.9% of universities believe that 'inventors (teachers or employees) are poorly motivated'. It shows that the scientific research units are slightly higher than the major universities in the country in terms of the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements and the percentage of scientific and technological achievements applied for patents.
'Technology is not enough', 'funds are insufficient', 'poor enthusiasm' has become the three major factors that hinder university patent innovation. And these three factors are precisely the distinction between scientific research units and universities.
The 21st Century Institute of Economic Research believes that patented inventions in universities are gold mines. They should improve the policy system of property rights conversion. They can increase the income and enthusiasm of researchers through the close integration of production, research, and research. They can also increase the efficiency of patents and strengthen institutions of higher learning and intermediaries and enterprises. The horizontal relationship between them will promote the transformation of university patent achievements. The establishment of a common interest distribution and protection mechanism for technological advancement in enterprises and colleges and universities, and the protection of intellectual property rights from the policy level to achieve the sharing of benefits.