Perovskite solar cells have improved their efficiency record in 10 years, and now their technology has become more stable. Researchers at the US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) believe that the main challenge for perovskite solar cells is poor scalability. , How to mass-produce and push the technology outside the laboratory, they carefully summarized several potential extended deposition methods.
The perovskite solar cell's growth record of conversion efficiency is faster than any solar cell technology, and it has now reached 22.7%. Because of the much cheaper process, they show considerable commercialization potential in the laboratory and are the next generation of solar cells. The cutting-edge rookie.
However, as researchers have increased battery module area, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has begun to decline, and there are many declining factors, such as non-uniform coating of chemical substances in batteries, etc. The most commonly used method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells in the laboratory For spin coating, the researchers deposited chemical substances on the substrate and the perovskite material formed during chemical crystallization.
However, this method wastes more than 90% of the chemical, perovskite ink, and the spin coating method works best in areas less than 4 square inches. There is no simpler way to use it for larger surfaces.
To this end, NREL researchers proposed three other potential scalable deposition methods: blade coating, Slot-die coating, and Ink-jet printing. .
The doctor blade method uses a blade to push the chemical solution onto the substrate to form a wet film. This process is suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The flexible substrate moves on the lower roller of the stationary blade, similar to the newspaper printing method. This technology wastes the perovskite. Ink is less than spin coating.
Precise slit coating method has not been sufficiently studied compared with other technologies, and its efficiency is lower than that of blade coating method. However, in the future, its reproducibility may be better than that of blade coating method, and it is more suitable for roll-to-roll production.
The inkjet printing method uses a small nozzle to disperse the leading ink. At present, this technology has been applied to small solar cells, but whether it is suitable for mass production depends on the printing speed.
Several studies have estimated that perovskite solar cells can generate electricity at a lower cost than other photovoltaic technologies (although these data are currently only assumed), but from these studies concluded that the highest cost of perovskite module input will come from the With electrode materials, there is a series of innovative opportunities in this field.
