At the end of March, Bao Naiyong, Director of the Lotus Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of Zhoudang Town, Luoshan County, Henan Province, gave a presentation on the breeding technology and the performance of rice transplanters on the farm machinery site. In the cooperative's breeding base, there were more than 20 Within the plastic sheds, rows of rows of soil-free substrates are lush and well-growth. It is understood that the lotus seedlings of the Lotus Agricultural Machinery Cooperative are all cultivated for ratoon rice. Then, what is a ratoon rice? What is the difference with general rice and what role does mechanization play in the production of ratoon rice?
How is the renewable rice fired?
Ratooning rice is the use of rice paddies harvested from the first season rice. Using suitable fertilizer and water management techniques, the axillary buds in the nodes of the rice piles are germinated, grow into regenerated seedlings, and mature rice is eared. 'Studies show that all rice has regenerative ability. Xiao Lilin, a professor at Hunan Agricultural University, said: It is known that in China, renewable rice is not a completely new concept. However, historically, renewable rice is often considered as a self-generated, self- grownling, and if it is harvested, it will not be lost. The 'accidental' harvest of the plant was not studied as a regular cultivation technique. In the 1980s and 1990s, renewable rice was planted in large areas in suitable areas in southern China. However, due to variety and production conditions, there is no renewable rice plantation. The formation of climate has not been taken seriously by the relevant parties.
Compared with the 'two-receiving' rice, the cultivation of ratoon rice does not require reseeding, seeding and transplanting, nor does it require ploughing, planting, labor saving, fertilizer saving, water saving, provincial medicine, and low cost. It takes only 60 days to harvest 250-300 kilograms of high-quality rice. 'Two types of double cropping rice have 400-450 kilograms per mu of early rice, 500-550 kilogrammes of late rice per mu, and a total of 900-1,000 kilograms per mu; Hybrid mid-season paddy rice with first-season paddy rice and regenerated rice planting pattern has a yield of 650-700 kilogrammes per mu in the first season, 250-300 kilograms per mu for regenerated rice, and a combined yield of 900-1,000 kilograms per mu. ' Xiao Xiaolin introduced, 'Currently, Farmers' lack of willingness to plant double-season rice has led to a significant reduction in the area of double-season rice in key production areas of some double-season rice. The double-season rice planting season is tight and the cost is high. Especially in July, there was a period of “double grab” farming in mid-July, The task is heavy, the weather is hot, and it is very difficult to hire. With the renewable rice, these situations have greatly improved. '
In addition, the cultivation of renewable rice is conducive to promoting the green development of agriculture. At present, the more common rice cultivation models include double-season rice (late rice, late rice), medium rice, and medium rice, renewable rice (rebirth rice), and other models. Compared with the model, rice only used pesticides 1 to 2 times in the reproductive season, and the amount of fertilizer was less than that in the first season. Comparing the amount of pesticides and fertilizer consumed per 1000 kg of rice produced in the year and the energy consumption, the ratooning rice was significantly more than other modes of production. Lowering. The expansion of renewable rice can help reduce the pollution caused by the abuse of pesticides and excessive fertilization, and promote the green development of agriculture.
In the current shortage of rural labor force, low farmers’ willingness to grow grain and the development of green agriculture, the advantages of renewable rice make it possible to fire in the double-cropping rice planting area. According to statistics, the planting area of ratoon rice in nine southern provinces in China is 11 million. The average harvest per mu in the regeneration season is only 136 kg. Industry experts estimate that 160 million mu of paddy fields in the southern China's rice-growing area, including 50 million mu, will be suitable for the promotion of ratooning rice. The country increases rice production by 20 billion kilograms, which has important strategic significance for China, which accounts for only 7% of the world's arable land and 22% of the world's population.
At present, the provinces of Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian have already promoted full-scale mechanized planting of renewable rice as a key point. It is understood that Fujian’s renewable rice harvests an area of 800,000 mu per year, and machine-interplanter harvesting accounts for about 30%, among which, Shaxian county The renewable rice has been popularized by 20,000 mu per year, and the machine-interplanter has taken up 25%; the renewable rice in Youxi County has accounted for 32% of the county's sown area, and the production of rice accounts for 45% of the county. The ecological conditions of Hubei's ratooning rice production area are good. The light and heat conditions of most of the rice growing areas in the province are suitable for the production of renewable rice. Among them, in the ecologically suitable area of the Jianghan Plain, Jingzhou and Tianmen, Qianjiang and Xiantao are the main areas, and the area with renewable rice production potential is about 250 10,000 mu; in the eastern and eastern Hubei Province, the ecologically suitable area is mainly composed of Huanggang, Xianning, Huangshi, Wuhan and Xiaogan. The area of renewable rice production potential can reach 3 million mu. This shows that the potential for renewable rice production is enormous. .
Machine technology can break the full mechanization difficulties of renewable rice
The development of renewable rice has great potential for full-scale mechanization. “Rice rice, as a resource-saving, light and simple rice cultivation model, has a short growing period, high yield, excellent rice quality, and provincial labor. To reduce costs and increase income for farmers, etc. The key to popularizing this mode of rice farming is to break through its full range of mechanized production.' said Chen Dazhou, vice president of the Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The entire mechanized operations of the ratooning rice mainly include mechanized ploughing and transplanting of the first cropping rice, pest control of the pests in the first season and the reproductive season, and mechanized harvesting in two mature seasons. In particular, the mechanized operation of rice transplanting and harvesting is fundamentally resolved. The agricultural rice production problems of renewable rice have been greatly reduced, and the farmers have been able to grow renewable rice lighter, simpler, and more efficient. At the same time, the reproductive characteristics and growth requirements of ratooning rice have determined that only through mechanization can the productivity and quality of ratooning rice be improved and ensured.
Unlike the two double-cropping double-cropping rice, the key to the growth of ratooning rice is the retention of the rice-piles during the harvest of the first-season rice. 'When harvesting the first-crop rice, we should try to prevent mechanical and artificial damage to the rice piles. ' Xiao Linlin said, rice The more piles are retained, the higher the yield of ratooning rice will be. If it can be achieved when the first season rice is harvested, the rolling of the rice piles should be minimized, and high-yielding cultivation techniques should be provided. In the second quarter, the per mu output may reach 800 pounds or more. In addition to water and fertilizer management and climatic factors, the choice of harvest height for harvesting the first season rice is very important. 'Ye Aiqiong, head of the Agricultural Machinery Office in Honghu City, Hubei Province, said, 'Only the nutrients in the plant's body are available after the first season rice is mature. In order to be able to begin to transfer to the regenerated shoots for the growth of the regenerating shoots, the harvester harvester has the greatest effect on the productivity of the reclaimed rice after the rice has been harvested. This is the most noteworthy of the regenerated rice in mechanized production. Therefore, the key to the full mechanization of the regenerated rice is to explore Art integration. 'It is reported that since 2005, Honghu City has begun to explore the mode of integration of mechanized agronomy and agronomy of renewable rice production. Today, its operating model has become increasingly complete. In Honghu, the planting of ratooning rice has reached 90% in terms of soaking, breeding, planting, cultivating, plant protection, cultivating, top dressing, and drying. The mechanization of the entire process is also an urgent need for the vast number of farmers who grow regenerated rice.' Ye Aijong said .
Accelerating mechanization of renewable rice production throughout the entire process, and actively promoting the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is a systematic project. In recent years, Shayang County in Hubei Province has a wealth of experience in advancing renewable rice production and agricultural machinery and agronomy. 'First of all, we must choose the right one. Variety, selection of a good variety is the basis for the success of the regenerated rice. Try to select varieties that are early-maturing, high-quality, good regenerative abilities, and suitable for mechanized operations. In terms of model selection, we should try to choose narrow tracks, wide cut widths, and good comminution quality. The uniform harvesting machine for returning straw to the field. In the aspect of plant protection, the role of plant protection machinery in the specialization of unified defense is fully exerted, and the comprehensive demonstration of the reconstructed rice demonstration is carried out. This is highly welcomed by farmers. 'Shayang agricultural machinery Bureau Chief Peng Kaiquan said: 'Through many years of hard work, we have explored a high-yield experience in the high-yield technology of ratoon rice, and achieved a breakthrough in mechanization throughout.'
In Fujian, promoting the integration of machinery and arts is also the key to advancing the full mechanized production of renewable rice. In recent years, Xie Huaan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, organized a team of Fujian experts to carry out full-scale mechanization research and technology promotion of renewable rice. Among them, the demonstration at Guanzhuang Village in Shaxian County. Demonstration of low-land-recovery ratooning rice, average crop yield per acre of 453 kilograms per season, average annual yield of 272 kilograms in the season of regeneration, average annual yield of 725 kilograms per mu, reaching the purpose of cost-saving efficiency.
A multi-pronged approach to promote the integration of machine skills
Needless to say, the renewed rice renewed attention has a close relationship with the continuous improvement of the mechanization of rice production in recent years in China. Due to the growth characteristics, the development of full mechanization of renewable rice depends more on the cooperation between agricultural machinery and agronomy. Even though the regenerated rice has significant features of cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing, compared with the two types of rice that have been harvested, the development of the rice has been in a paralyzed state. The regeneration of the rice cultivation in the regenerated rice is mainly restricted by several aspects. First, the traditional regeneration Rice harvesting is not suitable for harvesting when the first crop is harvested. It requires artificial panicle harvesting and concentrated threshing. Second, the cultivation technology of agricultural machinery combined with agronomy in ratooning rice production mechanization is lagging, and the technology is not complete; the third is suitable for mechanized production. There are not many varieties with high yield, good quality and strong regenerative ability. ' Xiao Lin said.
The level of agriculture should be higher, and the combination of agro-machinery and agronomy is a trend. The technical improvement of planting large-scale seedlings of renewable rice and mechanization of harvesting in the first quarter are all critical issues in the planting industry chain. In response to these existing problems, the agricultural machinery departments in some provinces have begun to actively Exploring, making efforts in policies, scientific research, and nurturing new types of agricultural machinery operators.
From the policy point of view, the agricultural machinery and equipment required for the mechanized production of ratoon rice are actively included in the subsidy list, and a 'green channel' is opened up for new research and development tools, rapid testing, rapid identification, rapid filing, acceleration of its application and promotion process, and mechanized production of recycled rice. Provide necessary project support; in the area of scientific research and technology, build a full-scale mechanized “think tank” for renewable rice production, gather the power of experts, integrate the strengths and resources of agricultural research, management, promotion, production, and other sectors, and carry out full mechanization of renewable rice technology Jointly with the equipment, establish a full-scale mechanization demonstration model for renewable rice, scientifically formulate a comprehensive mechanization development plan and overall solution for renewable rice, rely on the strength of new agricultural management entities such as agricultural machinery cooperatives, take Luoshan County as an example, and concentrate on breeding through cooperatives. Provide relevant technical training, select suitable breeding methods and planting equipment for farmers, select suitable tillage machinery and operation methods, select appropriate mechanical transplanting and field machine management modes, select suitable harvesting machinery and harvesting methods, and promote Advanced field management machinery to achieve half Fold role.