Tsinghua University Professor 973 Project Chief Scientist Han Minfang
On April 2-4, 'Storage and Energy International Summit and Exhibition 2018 (ESIE 2018)' was held at the Beijing National Convention Center. Han Minfang, the chief scientist of the 973 project of Tsinghua University, gave a speech at the theme forum. The following are the details of the speech:
Tsinghua University professor 973 project chief scientist Han Minfang:
Hydrogen and fuel cells as a new industry have developed very rapidly over the past two years and have received extensive attention. It should be said that each month, or almost every month, is related to several activities. In fact, the development of the real industry should be It is in 2018 that it is relatively warm in China.
Today, I mainly report on the related technologies and applications of solid oxide fuel cells. There are various development situations in all fuel cells.
Under the background of the development of the entire energy industry in the country, new energy technologies need to be developed. We are faced with energy efficiency issues, pollution issues, carbon dioxide issues, and the urgent need to develop new energy technologies. At this time, hydrogen and fuel cells as a new energy source The field has risen. Looking at the entire development process, the power generation technology we generate in the energy system is more of the form of the heat engine. It is converted into heat energy through the combustion of fuel. The development of the entire fuel cell is directly converted from the heat energy generated by electrolysis. For electrical energy, so it's more efficient, there are a series of environmental protection advantages.
In the end, how do fuel cells achieve better and more efficient development? Traditionally, hydrogen fuel and other chemical fuels are used. It is the burning of air that occurs directly to reflect the generation of heat. Now the fuel cell can react with oxygen ions in the air, and air There is a lot of oxygen in it, through the process of the fuel cell, which is transmitted through the oxygen ions so that it passes from the air side to the fuel side. It can oxidize all kinds of fuels. It can be pure hydrogen, it can be a hydrocarbon fuel, it has very Advantages, better efficiency, higher environmental protection. However, there will be higher technical difficulty.
Among all types of fuel cells, the most talked about now is hydrogen fuel cells, which are pure hydrogen fuels, and are now also hydrogen or hydrogen fuel stations. In addition to hydrogen fuel cells and oxygen fuel cells, fuel cells are Electrochemistry is an important branch of science disciplines, all of which have been classified in terms of different types of conducting ions, such as phosphates as electrolytes, and carbon dioxide carbonate. Currently, there are mainly five types of fuel cells. Look at the entire table. The coordinates are the scale of power generation, and the ordinate is the efficiency. The efficiency of the fuel cell can be used to be higher than that of the internal combustion engine. It must be an achievable efficiency. The solid oxide fuel cell that is to be talked about today in various fuel cells can achieve the highest Energy efficiency, its principle must also be the most challenging and most difficult process.
From the fuel to the left and right side of the fuel cell, it can be seen that the left side is the source of the fuel. We hope to create a hydrogen energy strategy system. Hydrogen can be sourced from more sources. More fossil sources can be solid liquids. After a series of steps in the middle of the technician's work are finally applied to the fuel cell application, if you take 6 steps to get pure hydrogen, you can provide a hydrogen fuel cell to work. When the carbon monoxide content is a bit higher, you can supply phosphoric acid at the percent level. Salt work, in short, it is balanced.
When there is more work to be done here, the fuel cell technology here can be relatively simple and the working temperature can be lower. When there is less work to be done here, the side will have to work at high temperatures. When hydrogen fuels are in operation, the technical requirements here are higher. All fuel cells have very good environmental advantages. Not only are other nitrogen oxides emission problems, but also their cost advantages. A new industry is often not With industry advantages, let's assume that we have made solid oxide fuel cell power generation in the future. That is to say, there are two sets of gas power systems in the national energy industry. One is atmospheric and the other is pressurized. This is what Americans do. Data, data provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, investment costs, and power generation costs are all low. Among the energy technologies that have been developed for one generation, solid fuel cells can generate electricity that is lower than the cost of firepower. Now all applications are being promoted in the world. Divided into portable, distributed hotspots, high-performance power supply and large power stations, all applications in the world are in use.
Japan's cogeneration technology, Japan has a CHP company, the latest data is when the time of electricity efficiency is 46.5%, the latest efficiency efficiency in 2016 reached 52%, which is the growth of the reduction in the number of development costs is very promising. For a small home with 700 watts, this scale is 20 kilowatts, 50 kilowatts to several hundred kilowatts are all, it can be a community, it can be a shopping mall. Of course this is especially suitable for China's development of distributed hot spots to solve weather problems. Everyone is honored to have come to Beijing in this time. It has felt the change of the influential climate. It has changed all seasons in a week. It is not easy in Beijing.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the largest company in the world, is the best one. The SOFC-MGT system launched in 2009 was implemented in 2012. The most representative of the solid oxide fuel cell industry is Bloom, especially Apple’s. The system, which uses electricity throughout the grid, is a very representative. This company has already done a lot of clients, was established in 2001, the second company in 2009 in New York, the third company and Softbank cooperation in Japan It is very likely that many colleagues will hope that he will come to important places. This website can be viewed by everyone and it is doing very well. Especially for large-scale enterprises, their systems are used.
Let's talk about the car again. Tesla's electric car is best known as the 400 kilometers of cruising range. Toyota’s future car is also chased by everyone in 2014. Nissan pushed a 500-watt solid fuel cell battery in 2016. With a 24 watt battery, the cruising range is 600 kilometers. In July and August last year, the car completed a year of road test in Brazil. Nissan now expects to commercialize the car by 2020. This is an international development. , Just said that because the hydrogen fuel cell industry in China began to develop rapidly in 2016, the front comrades also listed the development status. In 2016, the major companies of the State Grid Corporation of Technology in the future organized APEC hydrogen fuels. The battery seminar, which was launched in 2016, introduced a series of policies. In the national strategic policy, the entire industry was listed as the leading technology to lead the industry transformation. In 2016, the China Manufacturing 2025 and the National Energy Action Plan were issued. It is necessary to do something. Market promotion is on the one hand, national policy leads, all companies follow the national baton. Hydrogen fuel cell as a separate project, including the preparation of hydrogen The whole development of hydrogen storage stations, fuel cell conditions, hydrogen fuel cells and fixed oxide fuel cells, one of the fuel cells in a car, one to do the power station are given specific. Hydrogen fuel cells have done a lot, solid Oxides require a life of 40,000 hours. There are specific plans for related industrial technologies, including some roadmaps. Actually, this roadmap is still lacking in China. We must also work together. Our policy has come. From the talent, technology, industry and real landing policy we need everyone to work together to promote.
New energy vehicles are obviously the hottest area now. Many of them do hydrogen energy or fuel cells. They are staring at this. In early 2017, the Ministry of Industry had a fuel cell car to subsidize a series of related work, including hydrogen refueling stations. Clear policies can continue to be done. Domestic and foreign developments, its development and development goals, these are their own concerns, they will do more in detail.
Solid oxide fuel cells still belong to the most difficult technology among all fuel cells. We have just completed the national 973 project from 2012 to 2017. Hydrogen fuel cells continue to have national hydrogen energy fuel projects in these fields. The fixed oxidation battery involves aspects from the material to the battery process, to the design of the entire battery, the scientific laws and the final system integration throughout the integration process. The results are also multi-faceted, because the national 973 project is upstanding and top-to-bottom. Achievements, Sites must have technologies and systems, build a system from the theoretical system, do direct use of hydrocarbon fuels in the electrode reflection process, but also have technical developments, make a real real use of the battery, and finally Summing up the laws and integrating all the processes that make up an exemplary system, this industry is equivalent to the road that needs to be taken and it is longer.
I divided the entire industry's development technology into four segments. The property industry chain, first of all, the material system, our electrolyte materials, cathode materials, and anode materials all have to be done. If the future fuel cell becomes a big industry, you may do it. An anode or a cathode is used to supply this. With these materials, they are later burned together to form a battery. All materials are oxides. The more common is the ceramic. Cathode anodes are usually put together to form a triple structure. After the battery is called the component, usually about 1 volt of electricity can be emitted, but to achieve this function need to be integrated together, this time there is a seam material, because it is necessary to work in the next, work directly on the methane agent, for all The material requirements are also high, the management process requirements are also high, the thermal balance system requirements are also high, and such a module is reintegrated into a power generation system, whether it is a modular structure or a whole such a state of design. Currently it can be done in China. The design system is a few kilowatts, and more work can be done in the future.
Everyone thinks that this stuff is very mysterious. It is a complex material. It can continue to be done in this field. In terms of future development of the industry, all these are business opportunities and need to be laid out in the whole industry chain. Industries with different advantages and technologies will enter this. Industry to promote the development of this industry.
Made into a battery, this is what I just said is to achieve a single battery. What I can do now is that the standard size is 10 cm by 10 cm. All the big battery tests are done on the board. Testing, there is no standard in the industry. People in 973 project can not be said to be their own, to go to third-party testing, this is a series of tests done in Denmark, this is a series of work such as its seals, evaluation is still Very high. With this after starting to do the integration, after doing a small pile and no one to do the test, we then 973 part of the work done in Germany to test, give a series of evaluations. The following is to make a demonstration system, It is to make some understanding of all the laws of science into a model system. It will come directly from hydrocarbon fuel. It can use methane. Its thermal balance activity management system is more complicated. A series of demonstrations have been made in the past few years. In cooperation with a series of units, they have jointly promoted several demonstrations throughout the country and completed the 973 project to promote the development of the entire industry chain technology. We hope to use this as a basis to specifically promote the industry. Exhibition. There are also some companies in China starting to do. Early in 2018, the first company specialized in this industry in the country, from materials to integration, was given. I call it to complete the whole industry chain, but there is still a long way to go. To go.
Finally, we must have our own academic field. In 2016, we promoted the establishment of a fuel cell professional committee. It was established in 2016. At that time, there were less than 100 members. The Energy Bureau felt that we were a little bit more, the industry was developing very fast, or we needed to Continue to do it. In 2017, we promoted the establishment of a high-temperature fuel cell standards committee for the energy industry. Next, we will promote the construction of standards and testing centers. We also welcome everyone to work together to promote the development of the entire industry.
thank you all!