Director, Policy Development Research Office, Energy Internet Innovation Institute, Tsinghua University
On April 2-4, 'Storage and Energy International Summit and Exhibition 2018 (ESIE 2018)' was held at the National Convention Center in Beijing. The chief of the Policy Development Research Institute of the Institute of Energy Internet Innovation at Tsinghua University hosted a speech at the theme forum. The following is a presentation. Speech content:
Director of Policy Development Research Office, Energy Internet Innovation Institute, Tsinghua University He Jijiang:
I am in charge of the policy development research department. The theme of today’s report is 'Energy storage promotes the coordinated development of distributed photovoltaic and electric vehicles. First of all, we want to implement energy storage. Our purpose is to promote the energy revolution. According to the contents of our Paris agreement, in the second half of this century Summarize fossil fuels, that is, phase out coal, oil, and natural gas. This includes transformation of the power system, from a coal-based electricity system to solar energy, and a shift from wind power to electricity. Transportation energy is converted from past gasoline and diesel to electricity. The transformation has now begun. Now it is time to phase out the use of coal, escort the thermal power plants, and start eliminating fuel vehicles.
When it comes to fuel cars, the smog in Beijing is very serious. What exactly is the murderer? I have judged that there are many murderers, of which motor vehicles are one of them. The report on the annual report of China’s motor vehicle environmental management issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2017 states that there are five The largest source of urban PM2.5 emission sources is automobiles, with Beijing accounting for 31.1% of the total. Beijing PM2.5 emits 31.1% of motor vehicles, so all sources of pollution are shut down. Beijing's smog depends on cars. It will be able to get it out.
This is the data before and after the 2015 Parade Blues. The data of this PM2.5 fluctuates greatly in mid-August of that year and is as high as more than 120. However, measures have been taken since August 19 to review the air remediation measures. Closed, can be used to reduce emissions, the vehicle single and double number limit, including Hebei, Shandong, both single and double limit line, Shanxi voluntary access, in this case, the average concentration was only 17.8 μg/m3, a year-on-year drop of 73.2% , Monitoring for the first time in history for the first time in 15 days to reach the level of first-class priority. PM2.58 micrograms / cubic meter on that day, traffic on that day, did not go to work, traffic control that day, honestly stay at home. PM2.5 is really low. Of course, on the afternoon of September 3rd, the Beijing Municipal Government announced that the military parade was successfully completed. It was originally scheduled to be limited to No. 4, No. 5 single and double numbers. The result was PM2.59.5 micrograms of cubic meters that day, which was higher than Tangshan in Hebei.
By the end of last year, 58 micrograms of cubic meters of PM2.5 in 2017, but it was very serious in March. Now the target is 35 micrograms per cubic meter, and the next one is 10 micrograms cubic meters. If Beijing has 10 cars, it will definitely not be realized. of.
The National Energy Administration's Internet pilot document mentions such contents. Based on the charging and discharging facilities for new energy generation, the term “discharge” first appeared. Some reporters asked if more than one word was written. Photovoltaic direct-powered vehicles, electric The construction of vehicle charging/discharging and exchange facilities will be covered, smart charging and discharging of electric vehicles, vehicle network interaction, construction of battery cloud platform, efficient revitalization and utilization of electric vehicle electric storage capacity. Now this piece of content has appeared in the electric vehicle of the State Grid, including the fifth Articles 6, 6 and 8 also have some references, and Article 9
Regarding the role of our energy storage in the Internet of Energy, many people think that there are no successful cases. My views are different. I think this is a case of successful energy Internet, Mobike cycling. It is used as a renewable energy source. It is a person who rides a bicycle. It also has 3 watts of photovoltaic. This photovoltaic has energy storage and the energy storage of the battery. With this energy storage, electricity comes from the photovoltaic and electrical power. It solves the problem of bicycle unlocking and positioning, and online The problem of payment. The PV inside the car frame is 3 watts, and the electricity generated by Beijing is 3.6 kWh. When it is used for a communication device, it solves the problem of the Internet business model. , I rode two hundred times, I have already contributed more than two hundred yuan.
In other words, in this model, every two bicycles have PV, energy storage, and communication, not energy production systems, but energy technology service companies. It is the charm of the energy Internet, not just energy, but energy. The wisdom of life.
Electric bicycle is not enough electricity, the next step is to develop photovoltaic charging stations. This is the Shanghai PV charging station. On the right is the American mobile photovoltaic power carport, which will be sent to the parking space on the telephone. The price is calculated, the price of PV in Beijing. How to calculate this year is 6.5 or less, because the national benchmark price for the Internet is 6.5 hair, the peak business and industry is 1.4, Beijing has a 3 cents subsidy, charging electric vehicles 1.04 yuan plus 8 cents, if distributed photovoltaic to electric Car charging is a very important direction of development.
The right-hand side photovoltaic charging station has already been used. The picture above is the China Central Trade Center and the Tesla is on the lower side. If one hundred kilometers produces 120 megawatts of 120 megawatts of electricity, it can satisfy 40,000 vehicles. If Beijing engages 40,000 kilometers, All of Beijing's electric cars can be replaced. This is a relatively early year. In Dongguan, a solar energy-storage electric vehicle charging station has been put into use. This is already off-grid and grid-connected. This is Tesla’s big screen, which enables the integration of communication and energy, plugs in the home, waits for software signals, and charges you for a few minutes. For example, letting him charge at 11 o'clock is 11 o'clock. Avoiding the peak of 7, 8 o'clock. This is not a change in the power system, but a change in the communication system.
This is the technology for all kinds of PV charging stations in the future. The bus charging station in the upper left corner and the road in the upper right corner. Photovoltaics can be installed on the road surface in Jinan, Shandong Province to generate electricity, and then the electric vehicle is charged. The photovoltaic charging station is introduced in the lower right corner. .
There are more and more examples of this. This is a direct current, direct charging station for DC storage in the city. This saves some costs. This is an industrial park. It has been investigated in industrial parks. It covers an area of 1020 acres. When it was time to install 29 megawatts of photovoltaics, it would not be finished by noon and it would take you to send power grids. There were a large number of bicycles that were not equipped with photovoltaics, and 10 megawatts of photovoltaic installed. Obviously, a large amount of electricity could not be used until noon. How to get it? Get a smart system and introduce all the employees' electric bicycles to the photovoltaic system at noon. Directly charge the electric vehicle with photovoltaics. You can control it smartly. You can pay for it, or you can get it for free. The employee sent him a day. Whatever was calculated, but it has its important value. Between 11 o'clock in the morning and 1 o'clock in the afternoon, some of the peaks in photovoltaics were cut off. The relationship with the grid is more friendly. Later, our employees will change their electric bicycles. The electric car was still offered to him, and it was digested at noon.
Employees returning to work in a day shift, even if they have 30 kWh or 50 kWh, are not expensive. Employees are given 20 or 30 bucks for welfare, which is much less than overtime pay. We judge that such an industrial park is very many.
The next step is to bring about changes in the electricity spot market. These two figures are the maps of Germany. This is the time when the electricity in the past five years has been getting lower and lower. At noon, photovoltaic power generation has reduced the supply chain at noon and the electricity price has been reduced. In the evening 2015-2035, the discharge will increase in the evening. PV will generate electricity during the day, and will not generate electricity at night. It will increase in the evening. We charge the PV at noon in our role, charge it in the evening, and put some electricity in the evening. The state of Texas is a few higher than this. There are times, you can earn a little money.
In the next step of distributed photovoltaics, we consider charging photovoltaics to electric vehicles. In October last year, the National Development and Reform Bureau issued an important document, distributed power generation marketization. I drafted related articles and also promoted the pilot of this industry. This is the latest 364 document issued by the Development and Reform Commission to increase the level of intelligence in the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, explore the use of energy storage in electric vehicles, increase the level of intelligent electric vehicle charging infrastructure and collaborative control capabilities, and strengthen charging infrastructure and new energy sources. , Integration of power grids and other technologies, the establishment of a charging smart service platform through the Internet + charging infrastructure, actively promoting the two-way interaction between the energy information of the electric vehicle and the smart grid, and enhancing the level of charging services. This is said with the example of the park. The ideas we designed before were very consistent.
Now consider not only smart charging facilities, distributed photovoltaics should also be included. For example, there is such a scenario, change the mode, store this electricity in the mobile battery, each battery is equipped with the IoT chip, and the battery is full. You know, take this battery, use the Internet method, vehicle, and battery to match together. This kind of scenario can be an electric taxi, a logistics vehicle is also available, and a cargo fleet is also available. This is a photovoltaic company pushed by Beijing A company. Charge-and-change mode, which holds a piece by piece of battery, which is used to change the electric bicycle.
This is a British product with a small parking sign on it. After putting it on electricity, it is stored in the bicycle below. There is a group of such electric bicycles in Beijing. This kind of electric bike battery is used. Beijing now does not encourage electric bicycles, but I feel that the next step will be released. Why? The speed of such an electric bicycle plus a communication device is not more than 20 kilometers per hour. This is achievable, and there is no problem in controlling it.
There are also several conceived scenarios, a new energy electrified parking lot, where our parking lot can be recharging, smart parking, and possibly time-sharing with photovoltaic and electric vehicles.
To make a shared electrified parking space, we add energy storage devices to this parking space, plus charging devices, to become electrified parking spaces. Then we use the Internet to achieve parking space sharing. When you go to work, you enter the parking space. On the Internet platform, when someone else comes to rent your parking space to stop, you can stop and you can collect money. You stay in half and the platform stays in half. This Beijing parking space is relatively high. It costs 5 yuan an hour and 10 yuan. It will quickly The cost of electrified parking spaces has been saved.
This is a high-speed service area light storage and charging integration, which is 292 kilowatts of photovoltaic, 500 energy storage battery, or fast charging pile. This liar from Jiang Bing, the car's battery is both an orderly charge, and do U2G, if 1. The first one is used for power station, and the second one is decommissioned battery to do power station.
The next step is to build a large number of photovoltaics on highways. Not only photovoltaics are built in service areas, but photovoltaics are built on roadsides. After that, the cars opened on highways are electrified vehicles. We need to build electrified highways. Such highways are not only freight, but highways are Electric vehicles provide energy solutions while providing mobile payment and communication services.
A very important application of electric vehicles in our future is unmanned. Once the vehicle can realize unmanned driving, there is a small scenario in which distributed photovoltaics, photovoltaics and mobile base stations combine to enable 5G to be implemented. Full coverage, a base station in the highway 500 meters. In this way unmanned, 5G will become the last straw to overwhelm the fuel cars. Our electric cars are easier to achieve without driver. After we drove the vehicle, you are not driving at work. Go to work, but go to work by car. It drives its car. You swipe your WeChat. When you get to the unit and you don't use your parking lot, you go straight to the lower bounds. It goes to the parking space by itself. How can the car that can't find the parking space be smart? Did you go to work, this vehicle is equipped with Alipay, WeChat, and other software users to go out and pull out, go live, charge, discharge anything, you can wait at home to collect money.
If the price of PV in Beijing is calculated using the distributed price, the difference is relatively low. In this way, we use photovoltaics to sell to the grid and some of them to other users through the grid. Part of the DC distribution network is better for electric vehicles, and Beijing’s electricity prices. problem.
We are faced with major policy changes in the photovoltaic industry. We must do construction near the end of the road to set production, market transactions, and eliminate subsidies. Photovoltaic power plants may have a large-scale power plant level. Subsidies will be cancelled in two to three years. These electric vehicles are sold to us as electric vehicles. pretty good.
The next step is the application of photovoltaics in urban areas, photovoltaic plazas, large plazas, and people’s public spaces. These spaces combine photovoltaics and electric vehicles. DC distribution networks are increasingly close to our lives. .
This is a point-to-point transaction between energy storage and internet development. This is an energy blockchain, already charging energy king and energy internet. This charging and discharging, power exchange has been realized, this is very effective in combination with the Internet. The support. At present this is the closest to practical and most reliable things.