Recently, in order to understand the development status and existing problems of the boom sprayer in China, the reporter visited the Research Center for Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Technology of China Agricultural University and interviewed the director of the center, Professor He Xiongkui of the China Agricultural University. Although the research center does not occupy a large area, However, many anti-drug equipments were placed. In addition to various large-scale sprayer sprayers, orchard sprayers, and plant protection drones, there were also many labor-saving sprayer equipment.
High operating efficiency, low environmental pollution
'Artificial backpacking equipment requires 2 to 3 barrels of water per mu, about 50 to 60 liters, which is both time consuming and laborious, and it's extremely uneven in the fight. Hand-operated sprayers are also lagging behind. In recent years, although the artificial knapsack sprayer has been improved and upgraded, the operational efficiency and control effectiveness have not changed substantially until the highly efficient ground-based plant protection equipment (especially the rapidly growing ground self-propelled boom sprayer in recent years. The emergence of drug fighters has changed from 'human back machines' to 'mechanical backs,' so that farmers can really be liberated from their heavy spraying operations, achieve accurate variable sprays, reduce the amount of pesticides, and at the same time ensure the quality of agricultural products. Reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning. ' He Xiongkui pointed to a variety of large and efficient plant protection equipment to reporters.
It can be said that the growth of crops can not be separated from efficient, safe plant protection machinery and pesticide application technology. During the interview, the reporter learned that with the rapid development of China's agricultural machinery, China's plant protection machinery has made great progress, the ground self-propelled large The plant maintenance machinery has a large amount of operating space. It is a safe and highly efficient advanced agricultural machine that can actually perform precise variable sprays, reduce the loss of pesticides, and reduce the amount of pesticides.
According to statistics, in 2017, the number of large-scale plant protection machinery in China reached more than 2 million units, and the area of operations was 700-80 million acres. Take the mainstream mechanical sprayer sprayer as an example. At present, the market share can reach 20%. The number of possessions has reached more than 600,000 units, and there are more than 150 production companies.
Although the market share of ground-mounted boom sprayers is quite large, what are the advantages compared with the hot plant protection drones in recent years? He Xiongkui told reporters: 'Drone drones are very 'hot', but at present The market share is very small, the control area is less than 1%, and the pesticides are easily lost. Some key components are still problematic. The boom sprayer is a very popular among farmers due to its wide adaptability to crops. Equipment, the annual control area can reach more than 50%. Compared with plant protection drones, it has the obvious advantages of high efficiency and less drift; the boom spraying can reach the height of crops up to 50 cm, spray boom spray height It can be adjusted as needed to meet the needs of crops with different heights. It can be sprayed with a spray-type sprayer to achieve a spray volume of 10 liters per mu, which saves water and saves medicine. Even spraying can significantly reduce the use of pesticides. Reducing environmental pollution; its operating efficiency is relatively high. It can operate more than a thousand acres of land each day, and the daily operation of a drone is about 300 acres.
More developed countries are 20 to 30 years behind
However, he also admitted that the status quo of China's boom sprayer is not optimistic compared with developed countries. 'At least 20 to 30 years behind, mainly lacking relevant standards and technical practices, and failing to reach every boom in Europe and America. The sprayer can fulfill the requirements of intelligent electronically controlled automation. ' He Xiongkui explained that, as a whole, China's plant protection machinery performance and application of technology behind the level, can not meet the requirements of today's agricultural production and environmental protection, but also need further efforts to catch The level of developed countries.
'Medicine is a gun and pesticides are bullets. The way to kill the enemy is to use pesticides. The level of medicine is already high, but the level of guns and play is not high, which means that farmers use the same pesticide. The effect of applying in developed countries and applying it in our country will be very different. ' He Xiongkui stressed.
He explained to the reporter that the European-produced boom sprayer has a precision control system installed on each machine, and that the ratio of medicine and water is standardized, so that uniform application of pesticides and variable application of pesticides can be achieved. China lacks this standard. For example, large-scale application equipment must be equipped with an automatic mixing device stirring system. This is the first step in uniform application. Without a mixed-agent system, the suspension agent will precipitate at the bottom of the tank. The emulsifiable concentrate is suspended in the tank. Water, pesticides also spray uneven; in Europe, each boom sprayer has at least three tanks, respectively, used to hold medicine, water and cleaning kits for water, and domestic equipment is usually only a water tank, but also the lack of Mixing system; due to the unevenness of the ground, the boom width (that is, amplitude) of a large-scale self-propelled ground-level boom sprayer is as high as 12 to 62 meters. This type of equipment requires the installation of a surface profiling system, but domestically produced equipment is rare. The installation was mainly due to the fact that higher costs made some companies prohibitive; European and American plant protection personnel must pass professional training before they can hold certificates...
Improve the level to 'prescribe the right medicine'
So how does this backward 20 to 30 years catch up? He Xiongkui put forward the following suggestions.
'The use of pesticides, to ensure the safety of operators, agricultural products, and the environment, so the establishment of standards is crucial. ' He Xiongkui believes that the EU has similar standards can be referenced, its standard has more than 300, including the drug kit specifications, uniform application of pesticides Indicators, cleaning and stirring and other professional and technical parameters, etc. Only the spray bar sprayer has 286 professional and technical indicators.
Even if the relevant standards fall, the development of the machine itself is equally indispensable. 'The machine is behind, we must increase investment in solving key technical problems.' He Xiongkui believes that including the spray bar sprayer parts, atomization device, mixing system , Forgery systems and precision control systems require cohesion. For companies engaged in new technologies and new product development, the state must give certain encouragement and support.
In addition, he also suggested that government agencies should provide professional training for plant protection staff to allow farmers to learn more about the use of equipment.