On March 14, a reporter from Beijing Commercial Daily learned from the China Iron Tower Energy Innovation Center that the China Tower Energy Innovation Center has completed the preparation and reporting of the Implementation Plan for the Recycling of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery (hereinafter referred to as the “Implementation Plan”). , Is making every effort to carry out the research and landing implementation of power battery cascade utilization.
According to the forecast of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, the service life of power batteries is generally 5-8 years, which means that the new energy batteries put into the market in the early stage are basically at the critical point of elimination. Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of the National Passenger Car Information Association, said, “New Energy The Interim Measures for the Administration of Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utilization (hereinafter referred to as the "Provisional Measures") can form a power battery supervision information platform to realize the tracing and supervision of the whole life cycle of power batteries, which is the key to the recycling and utilization of power batteries.
Discarded battery recycling is imminent
It is understood that since the introduction of new energy vehicles in China in 2014, it has now entered the peak period of power battery decommissioning. In accordance with the three-step plan for the promotion of new energy vehicles, two phases have been completed: The first phase of 2009-2012, The promotion volume is 27,000 units; 2013-2015 is the second stage, and the promotion volume is 423,000. 2016-2020 is the third stage. By the end of 2020, it will realize cumulative promotion of 5 million new energy vehicles. As of the end of 2017, it has been promoted. There are more than 1.8 million new energy vehicles, and about 86.9GWh of power batteries are assembled.
What is worrying is that, in 2015, the total number of domestic scrapped batteries was 20,000-40,000 tons, and the corresponding battery recycling rate was only 2%. In this regard, how to recycle the retired batteries has become a major issue for the industry. problem.
It is worth noting that waste power batteries not only have the potential of causing heavy metal pollution, but also electrolytes that are highly corrosive and toxic, are prone to the production of toxic chemical gases, and are harmful to human health. However, there has not been a complete system in China to divert automotive manufacturers. To the battery recycler's operation process, this has also caused new energy vehicles to have disputes over pollution issues.
According to the data from the China Automotive Technology and Research Center, from 2018 to 2020, the country's cumulative scrapped battery will reach 120,000-200,000 tons; by 2025, the annual report of power battery will amount to a waste volume of 350,000 tons. With new energy vehicles With the rapid development of the industry, China has become the world's largest producer and seller of new energy vehicles. The production and sales volume of power batteries has also increased year by year. The recycling of power batteries has attracted widespread attention from the society.
A survey conducted by the Beijing Commercial Daily reporter found that due to factors such as price and service life, most of the towers are still lead-acid batteries. This also means that the power tower recycling prices given by the Chinese tower will be very low. However, with the With the launch of the “Implementation Plan”, China Tower signed a contract with 16 auto companies to reach an agreement on price, recycling methods, etc. This also means that the recycling price will be expected to increase significantly.
The policy encourages the use of ladders
In fact, for the upcoming embarrassing situation of new energy vehicle power battery recycling, has attracted the attention of relevant departments. On February 26 this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other seven departments issued the "Provisional Measures" notice. It aims to support the scientific and technological research on the recovery and utilization of power storage batteries, and guide the collaboration of production, learning and research, encourage the use of cascade utilization and recycling, and promote the innovation of the recycling model of power storage batteries. It encourages automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, and end-of-life vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises. Comprehensive utilization of enterprises, through various forms, cooperation and common development, sharing waste power battery recycling channels.
In response, in order to implement the Interim Measures, on March 2nd, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries proposed that 'support of China’s iron tower companies and other companies in combination with pilot projects in various regions, and the construction of power battery step-by-step demonstration projects shall be implemented'. By 2020, Improve the power battery recycling system, explore the formation of power battery recycling innovative business cooperation model.
According to public information, the data shows that the China Tower currently has nearly 2 million towers nationwide, and about 44 million kWh of battery power is required to prepare electricity; 600,000 peak-smashing valley filling stations require about 44 million kWh of battery; 500,000 new energy sources The station requires about 48 million kWh of battery. The total required battery is about 136 million kWh.
At the beginning of 2018, 16 companies including China Iron Tower, Chongqing Chang'an, BYD, Yinlong New Energy, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-tech, and Thornton New Energy have signed a strategic partnership agreement for the recycling of new energy vehicle batteries. Effectively promote upstream and downstream integrated cooperation in the industrial chain, strengthen collaborative innovation, and seek common development.
In accordance with the “Implementation Plan”, the producer responsibility extension system was fully implemented. The automobile production enterprise, battery production enterprise, scrapped automobile recycling and dismantling enterprise, and comprehensive utilization enterprise cooperated and built in various forms to share waste power battery recovery channels.
Jia Xinguang, an automotive analyst, believes that the implementation of the "implementation plan" will further improve the specifications of the new energy automotive industry, and will enable the healthy development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies for new energy vehicles. As new energy vehicles and batteries are closely linked, new energy vehicles will be used in the future. Have a great impact.
Regulatory difficulties to be solved
However, the recycling of power storage batteries as an emerging field is currently in its infancy, and it also faces some outstanding problems and difficulties. At present, most of the power batteries have not yet been retired, and automobile production, battery production, and comprehensive utilization have not been established among enterprises. Effective cooperation mechanism. In the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system, it is necessary to further refine and improve the relevant legal support.
At the same time, the technical capacity of recycling is insufficient. The data show that the lack of enterprise technology reserves, eco-design of power storage batteries, use of ladders, efficient extraction of valuable metals, and other key common technologies and equipment are yet to be broken. Standards for decommissioned battery discharge, storage, and ladder use products Lack of incentives; and less incentive measures and measures, due to the impact of technology and scale, the current recovery of valuable metals on the market is not high, and the economy is poor. The relevant fiscal incentives are not sound, and the market-based recycling mechanism has not yet been established.
Cui Dongshu stated that the “Implementation Plan” clarified the recycling specifications of new energy vehicles’ power batteries, and focused on ensuring that the used power batteries were recycled back to the formal recycling enterprises. However, the evaluation of the residual value of used power batteries still lacks uniform standards, and the power battery Whether or not renewable energy can be effectively monitored will also become a difficult point in the implementation of the “Implementation Plan”.
In response, in early 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the “Proposal for Extending the Producer Responsibility Extenuation System”, proposing that electric vehicle and power battery manufacturing enterprises should be responsible for establishing a waste recycling network. Since then, the National Standards Commission has also issued “Recycling of Vehicle Power Battery”. The use of standards such as dismantling, "recovery and recovery of vehicle power batteries," and other standards, make power battery recycling a big step forward.
It is worth noting that the implementation period of the pilot work should not exceed two years in principle. The Interim Measures state that new energy vehicles and power battery manufacturers are encouraged to optimize the design of product recovery and resource utilization in the product development phase; Can detect, residual value assessment, rapid sorting and re-use, safety management and other key commonality technology research, encourage the appropriate introduction of third-party evaluation mechanisms in the stage of residual energy testing, residual value assessment and other appropriate.
An industry insider who does not want to be named believes that power battery technology is the core technology of new energy vehicles. Whether consumers consider new energy vehicles, both the battery life is too short, lack of battery life concerns, there are power battery decay How to deal with the doubts, especially the latter, is directly related to the cost-effectiveness of new energy vehicles as a product without major breakthroughs in battery technology.