On the morning of March 13, the 13th Plenary Session of the 13th National People's Congress held its first plenary meeting. The meeting heard State Councilor Wang Yong’s explanation of the State Council’s institutional reform program.
According to the plan of the State Council’s institutional reform, the State Council will set up the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas and will no longer retain the Ministry of Agriculture.
At the same time, the inspection and supervision duties of fishing vessels of the Ministry of Agriculture shall be assigned to the Ministry of Transport.
Wang Yong stated that the issue of agriculture and rural peasants is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood. The establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is aimed at adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, the overall implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization, the promotion of comprehensive agricultural upgrading, the overall progress of rural development, the comprehensive development of peasants, and the accelerated realization of agriculture. Rural modernization.
The main responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is to coordinate the research and organization of the implementation of 'three rural' work strategies, planning and policies, supervision and management of crop farming, animal husbandry, fisheries, agricultural reclamation, agricultural mechanization, agricultural product quality and safety, and responsibility for agricultural investment management.
Experts: It is not easy to join the word 'rural'According to the plan, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will integrate the responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture and the agricultural investment projects of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance's comprehensive agricultural development project, the Ministry of Land and Resources's farmland remediation project, and the Ministry of Water Resources' irrigation and water conservancy construction projects Integration. The main responsibility of the newly formed Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is to coordinate the research and organization of the implementation of 'three rural' work strategies, plans and policies, supervision and management of crop farming, animal husbandry, fisheries, agricultural reclamation, agricultural mechanization, agricultural product quality and safety, and responsibility for agricultural investment management. Wait.
The development of rural areas has become a major trend. The Party's Nineteenth Congress report explicitly proposed the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization. In the year of 2018, the Central Document No. 1 “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Implementation of the Strategy for Rural Revitalization” also comprehensively implemented the implementation of the strategy for village rejuvenation.
During the 13th session of the National People's Congress, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu stated at the press conference that the relevant central government departments are currently preparing plans for rural revitalization, led by the National Development and Reform Commission, and participated by the Ministry of Agriculture and other departments. The overall consideration is that "Five in one" requirements, from the industrial development, rural layout, land use, infrastructure, public services and other aspects of planning, draw a blueprint, and adhere to a blueprint to do the end.
'In favor of comprehensive rural development and rural rejuvenation'Zhang Xiaoshan, vice president of the Chinese Association of Agricultural Economics and member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the formation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development embodies the general direction of agricultural and rural priority development. 'We talk about the 'three rural issues'. Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are inseparable. The Ministry became a Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which means that the authority and scope of management have been expanded, which is conducive to the comprehensive rural development and rural rejuvenation strategy.
'Benefit to use funds as a whole'According to Dang Guoying, director of the Macroeconomic Department of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is not simply the word “rural”. Agricultural development has a close relationship with the living environment, social environment and governance in rural areas, especially agriculture. All aspects of the industry chain need careful work. These are not simple issues of simple farming. This also reflects the emphasis on agricultural economic development and social development.
For the integration of the National Development and Reform Commission's agricultural investment projects and other functions, Dang Guoying believes that this is conducive to the overall use of funds. The funds managed by the Ministry of Agriculture are limited, and the funds for agriculture are managed by several departments, which are scattered too much and can be integrated in the future. Coordinate the funds to develop agriculture. Concentrate the functions originally dispersed in various departments in one department, and also obviate the problems of rural management.
Dang Guoying believes that in the process of management, we must focus on the development of agricultural modernization. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the large number of rural populations that need to be transferred.
'Agricultural and rural related investment will continue to increase'Professor Xiang Xiangzhi, professor of the Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development at Renmin University of China and the director of the Institute of Rural Development, said that compared to developed countries, the Ministry of Agriculture of China is a ministry with very narrow scope of functions. For example, the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture of the United States includes the advancement of agricultural products. In the supervision of export trade, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China only controls agricultural production. After this adjustment, the function of the newly established Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Industry has been expanded.
According to Kong Xiangzhi, according to the previous system, several ministries and commissions are involved in rural work. For example, the Ministry of Finance, in addition to the Agricultural Division, is also the National Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office. Its function is to formulate policies, projects and funds for comprehensive agricultural development, financial resources, and financial management. Institutions; preparation of comprehensive agricultural development plans; management and overall arrangements for central government funds for agricultural comprehensive development; organization and inspection of the implementation of comprehensive agricultural development projects.
According to Kong Xiangzhi's recent statistics, since 2008, the central government's investment in agriculture has grown at an annual growth rate of around 10%. The Ministry of Finance has played the role of 'accounting' and 'cash'. The Ministry of Agriculture is a 'clerk' and needs to go. The Ministry of Finance reimburses expenses, but now these can be done directly in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas.
Kong Xiangzhi believed that the formation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development coordinated the work in agriculture and rural areas and also made the management of the agricultural industry chain more uniform. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs can carry out land rectification planning according to production requirements, which will greatly promote agricultural production and rural rejuvenation. In addition, the rural revitalization needs land, how to plan the land for rural construction, and realizes the overall management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, which can make full use of the land.
'Over the years, there have been too many debts for agricultural and rural work, especially for rural infrastructure construction, comprehensive agricultural development, and comprehensive management of rural land. After the establishment of a new institution, the investment in agriculture and rural areas will continue to increase. ' Kong Xiangzhi said .
He believes that the comparison results of the second and third agricultural census data show that less than half of the people in rural areas use flush toilets and that there are less than 50% of people drinking tap water in rural areas. The country proposes to basically modernize by 2035, which also includes rural areas. Modernization, drinking water and other infrastructure construction are some of the hard targets. The investment in agriculture is mainly invested in infrastructure improvement. Kong Xiangzhi estimates that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will be completed within one year. With regard to how to deploy personnel, the State Council will have a unified Method.
Review: The Ministry of Agriculture has experienced several 'separation'
The Ministry of Agriculture was established in October 1949 and has undergone various reforms:
The Ministry of Agriculture was established in October 1949.
On June 22, 1970, the CPC Central Committee decided to cancel the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Fisheries, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
In 1970, the ministries of the agricultural system were merged. When the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was established, the Ministry of Fisheries withdrew.
On February 23, 1979, the Fifth National People's Congress Standing Committee decided to cancel the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and set up the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Forestry.
On May 4, 1982, the State Council's institutional reforms merged the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture and Landscaping, and the State General Fisheries Administration to establish the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries.
In April 1988, according to the State Council's institutional reform plan, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries was abolished and the Ministry of Agriculture was established.
In the State Council's institutional reform in 2013, it involved several functions of the Ministry of Agriculture. The Chinese Fisheries Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of 2013 and the State Oceanic Administration and its China Maritime Supervision, Ministry of Public Security Frontier Marine Police, General Administration of Customs' maritime police and their duties were Integration, reorganization of the State Oceanic Administration, managed by the Ministry of Land and Resources.