With the rapid economic and social development in rural areas, the process of urbanization is accelerating and the modern life style of farmers has been gradually established. However, the infrastructure construction of rural garbage disposal has not been followed up. The amount of rural garbage pollution has been increasing year by year, and the difficulty of processing has increased. At the same time, despite the country's repeated orders, there are still burning phenomena such as straw and other agricultural wastes. How far we are from the goal of the beautiful countryside in advancing the construction of ecological civilization?
As the third National Top Ten Agricultural Machinery Teacher selected by this newspaper, Liu Muhua, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Vice President of Jiangxi Agricultural University, was deeply impressed by this. He pointed out sharply: Building an ecologically livable village and realizing the strategy of village rejuvenation. , Solving the rural environmental problems has become urgently needed. China's rural garbage disposal and agricultural waste disposal need to be supported by a large number of adapted technical equipment, otherwise the beautiful countryside will be difficult to achieve.
Garbage is the most prominent phenomenon in rural areas. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, the amount of garbage produced in rural areas can reach 0.86 kg per person per day, and the annual amount of garbage generated reaches 300 million tons. Rural garbage is littered and randomly stacked. Has become the trauma of our country's beautiful rural construction. In recent years, rural waste management in all parts of our country has been accelerating, and we strive to reproduce the rural beauty of green mountains and waters. However, China has a vast territory, rural villages are scattered, regional development is uneven, rural infrastructure. Relatively backward, the relative shortage of funds, the conditions are more complex, therefore, the need to integrate various factors in line with local conditions, select the appropriate mode of life pollution treatment.
The characteristics of rural garbage are that garbage dumps are numerous, scattered, and small. In advancing the construction of garbage treatment facilities, the cost is high, the coverage of facilities is narrow, and the effect of garbage disposal is limited. At present, some rural domestic garbage are concentrated in villages and transported by towns. The county's treatment of 'or village centralization, town transshipment, district clearing and transport, and municipal treatment' is integrated into the urban household garbage treatment system. Although the garbage disposal facilities can be solved by means of urban-rural integration, the costs of collection, transshipment, and disposal are included. It is still high. At the same time, the backwardness of facilities in rural garbage dump sites will also pose the threat of secondary pollution. Looking at various factors, China's rural garbage disposal still faces challenges. The lack of facilities for adaptation is very problematic. . '
In addition to rural waste treatment, Liu Muhua also mentioned the impact of agricultural waste on the rural environment. Taking straw as an example, China is a big country in agriculture. Crop straw production is large, widely distributed, and varied. The annual output of wheat straw is approximately 180 million. Around a ton, processing becomes a problem. In fact, crop stalks are a valuable renewable resource. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed a technology for the utilization of straw's “five materials”, and according to local conditions, scientific utilization of stalks has basically reached the stalks' The purpose of eating dried pressed net'.
'But the current reality is that although all parts of China are managing air pollution and prohibiting the burning of straw in the open air, local government departments are also reluctant to say so. But why is there still the phenomenon of open burning of straw? This issue is very worth pondering. ' Liu Muhua analysis The technical improvement of the harvester will be an important aspect. For example, some of the hills and mountains in Jiangxi Province are small plots. The return of straw to the field may result in mechanized operation and some problems. Sometimes the effect of returning straw to the field is not very good. In the soil in time decomposition, farmers may use less straw to return to the field.
At present, many local agricultural machinery departments in China require straw mashing equipment on the harvester to directly smash the straw. When the corn is sown, the crushed straw is turned to the ground and becomes a fertilizer, all of which are mechanized. It is believed that the harvester equipped with a straw smashing device is a good experience, but it is also necessary to gradually explore in accordance with the needs of farmers in practice so that farmers can truly accept this technology and equipment from the bottom of their hearts.