Expert interviewed:
Peking University First Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Honorary Director Cao Zeyi
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital Professor Yuan Fenglan
People's Liberation Army No. 307 Hospital, Zhang Wei Jing, director of lymphoma
Beijing Children's Hospital oncology Zhu Xiu Dan
However, experts say cancer is not an incurable disease, and many cancers already have many treatments available through advance prevention, precise treatment, and postoperative Rehabilitation and other means, not only to extend the survival period, and even hope of cure.
Cancer is a chronic disease
Looking back on history, cancer has existed for at least a few thousand years, but the real research is only 100 years old, but the history of modern treatment has been decades, but surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have grown step by step and the curative effect has been continuously improved. , The annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology came with encouraging news: "The total number of cancer deaths in the United States shows a downward trend for the first time in 2005." Based on this, since 2006, WHO and other international organizations have changed their minds one after another, 'Cancer' as an 'incurable disease' is redefined as 'a chronic disease that can be treated, controlled, and even cured.'
Why cancer is a chronic disease? Because cancer has the general characteristics of chronic diseases, such as complex causes, a variety of risk factors, long-term latent, longer duration, resulting in dysfunction, etc., and its occurrence is more common than people think. The first Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Honorary Director Cao Zeyi told the "Life Times" reporter, in general, the cancer is divided into four, one or two for the early, three, four for the advanced one healthy cells develop into malignant tumors, usually As long as 10 years to 20 years, as early as the 1980s, medical experts in the United States reported that in the 80-year-old elderly autopsy, 1/4 of the human body has tumors, but these people before There are no symptoms associated with cancer.
Academician Sun Yan, the authority of the domestic oncology department, once pointed out: 'For the common people, more and more cancers in the future may be like diabetes, just a kind of common chronic diseases, so long as prevention and early detection are strengthened, Treatment, coupled with the more aim and more potential new drugs, cancer is not so terrible. "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital Yuanfeng Lan Cancer Professor believes that 'cancer is terminally ill' thinking of this formula is even more terrible than cancer.Many patients that once suffering from Cancer, to the end of life, unhappy all day long or ill treatment, destroyed their immune function, eventually leading to death.In fact, with the end of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, compared to the vast majority of cancer survival rate Much higher.
One-third of cancers are curable
Cao Zeyi explained that if the early detection and active treatment, 1/3 of the cancer can be cured.Medical 'cure' and people generally understood 'cure' is different from the cancer recurrence over time, the majority During this time, patients can work and live normally.
Under the current medical conditions, there is no guarantee that one hundred percent cure cancer, so the concept of 'cure rate', 'five-year cure rate' is to predict the treatment effect of cancer patients within five years.For example, after treatment of cervical cancer, 50% The signs of recurrence can be demonstrated in the first year. Most of the metastases, recurrences and recurrences of the tumors are in the first year; 20% -30% are shown in the second year; 10% -20% appear in the third year; 10 % Showed in the fourth year; the remaining less than 10% showed in the fifth year, no recurrence in five years and the subsequent probability of recurrence was very low, and even no recurrence occurred. Therefore, if it is found that most of the cases Early cancer can be eradicated by surgery and long-term survival.If the 5-year survival rate of early gastric cancer is above 91%, it is not uncommon for early-stage liver cancer patients to survive more than 20 years after operation.
People's Liberation Army No. 307 Hospital Lymphoma Zhang Wei Jing, director of thyroid cancer and lymphoma is the highest cure rate of all cancers.For example, papillary thyroid cancer is a low-grade malignant tumor, grow slowly, difficult to transfer, get sick 5 to 10 years after the transfer, if the early radical surgery, 5-year cure rate of 80% or more.Lymphoma is divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma two categories.Hodgkin's lymphoma 5 The annual cure rate is over 80%, the medium-term cure rate is 50% -60%, the late cure rate is over 40% .Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment effect is slightly worse, but the early 5-year cure rate is about 70%.
Even if it is more difficult to treat leukemia, there is still a great cure hope .Beijing Children's Hospital Oncology Zhu Xiu Dan said that children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for about 30% of childhood leukemia, but the cure rate of about 75% to 90% This is because the disease is mainly incomplete differentiation of neuroblastoma, sarcoma, tissue similar to the embryonic tissue, even in late stage chemotherapy is still very sensitive and better.
One-third treatment, seven points attitude
WHO expert Dr. Richard Lesard said that although the current global cancer situation is grim, but at least 40% of the cancer can be prevented.Experts said that the key to improving the cure rate of cancer lies in early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment .
Yuan Fenglan said that 90% of early cancer symptoms, once the symptoms, 90% are in the late. Must ensure that once a year routine physical examination, after the age of 45 depending on the circumstances to add some tumor screening projects. Family history of people, to the regular hospital for cancer screening.
Accurate treatment of cancer.Cao Zeyi stressed that patients with advanced cancer to make appropriate treatment programs, precise treatment.When treatment, the doctor should protect patients on the basis of immune function for treatment, try to make the immune function and tumor in a state of balance , Can not blindly pursue the thoroughness of treatment.This can achieve tumor survival, most of the cancer can fight for 5 to 10 years of survival.
Cancer prevention after infection.Zhang Weijing said that patients during chemotherapy resistance is weak, we must focus on preventing infection.May not to many places, such as shopping malls, airports, railway stations, subways, etc. Appropriately reduce visits to families relatives, to reduce the risk of infection.
Mentality is the best anti-cancer artifact Yuan Fenglan said early and mid-term cancer patients can cure, 'thirds of treatment, seven points state of mind.' About 10% of early cancer patients live for 5 years, however, the main problem is the state of mind. , The less likely to relapse.
Regular daily life to work and rest, quit smoking and drinking, to maintain a normal diet, should not be tonic.Appropriate to add a variety of animal protein, as well as eggs, milk and other high-protein foods.Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, staple weight with.Exercise, Recommended swimming, tai chi, walking and other aerobic exercise.