Presenter: Rocket Army General Hospital, Chief Physician Peng Shilin Department of Cardiology
January 9
Gas poisoning is carbon monoxide poisoning, refers to the human body after inhaling high concentrations of carbon monoxide hypoxia and then cause serious damage to the nervous system of a class of acute poisoning .In winter, both in urban and rural areas, many people lack the relevant safety knowledge, the gas Inadequate knowledge, poisoning events are commonplace; but also because of the lack of first aid knowledge and skills, many gas poisoning missed the best timing of treatment. Gas poisoning is usually menacing, if the rescue is not timely, the measures should not be inappropriate, the consequences will be unimaginable, serious There will be life-threatening, so to understand the causes of gas poisoning, learn the first aid and other on-site poisoning prevention and poisoning after the "life" is essential.
Common causes of gas poisoning
Among the causes of gas poisoning, the following are the most common.
In rural areas, gas poisoning caused by insufficient combustion of briquettes or lumps of coal caused by carbon monoxide. Rural families in winter commonly used coal-fired heating, if the house closed strong, doors and windows gap is low, the gas is not easy to discharge full of indoor, pole Easy to cause gas poisoning.In addition, cooking with the stove during the day, at night with the furnace heating; long-term use of the coal stove chimney clogged with ash; part of the chimney extends outside the house without windshield, resulting in downwind; case of wind, snow , Cloudy, low-pressure weather, gas flow difficult to discharge, etc., are the main cause of rural gas poisoning.
In urban areas, residents use 25% to 30% of the carbon monoxide in the pipeline gas, and if the pipeline leaks, the switch is not tight, or a large amount of gas overflows after the flame is extinguished in the cooking process, poisoning can be caused.In addition, due to the small bathroom space, Air mobility is poor, if a long time in the bathroom with a gas water heater bath, but also extremely vulnerable to carbon monoxide poisoning.Also, when the car is in a confined space, the car staff did not turn off the engine in the car asleep, but also the main reason for the occurrence of carbon monoxide poisoning Car exhaust contains 4% to 8% carbon monoxide, a 200 horsepower car can produce 28 liters of carbon monoxide in 1 minute.If the car is in a closed garage, the discharge of carbon monoxide through the air-conditioning and the car gap into the car Inside, when people are sleeping in the warm air on the car is very dangerous.
In addition, blasting blasting in mines, gas used in chemical fertilizer plants as raw materials, gas pipeline equipment failure, etc. can cause gas poisoning.
Identify three types of symptoms of gas poisoning
From a medical point of view, the main symptoms of gas poisoning are generally divided into mild, moderate, severe.
Mild: Only headache, dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo, palpitations, weakness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms.If you can quickly ventilated, out of high carbon monoxide concentration environment, breathing fresh air and take a break, the symptoms can be quickly eased .
Moderate: In addition to mild symptoms, there is irritability, extreme agitation or confusion, cold and sweat, cold extremities, weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, weak breath, general weakness, and gradually into the state of unconsciousness. Erythrocyte hemoglobin and carbon monoxide was cherry red, so moderate poisoning will show cheeks, chest and limbs, skin flushing, lips were cherry red, which is a typical gas poisoning signs.
Severe: If the poisoning time longer, the amount of carbon monoxide inhaled in the blood concentration reached 5 mg per liter or more, there will be deep poisoning poisoning coma, incontinence, the whole body limp, mydriasis, shallow breathing and irregular skin From cherry red to gray or purple, blood pressure dropped significantly, there will be myocardial damage and brain, pulmonary edema and severe symptoms and signs .At this time, even if the patient was saved, will also leave dementia, paralysis, neuritis, limb gangrene And incontinence and other serious consequences; if the rescue is not timely, the poisoning will die.
First aid must be mastered
Once it is found that someone gas poisoning, the need for immediate on-site first aid, the specific approach is:
Quickly open the windows and doors, the patient out of the poisoning venues, conditional oxygen to the patient as soon as possible .Ultracted the patient buckle, let it breathe smoothly, but should pay attention to keep warm, to prevent complications such as pneumonia .At the same time dial the emergency call.
2. After leaving the scene, let the patient lie down, should take the lateral position. Check the patient's respiratory tract is unblocked, if found in the nose, mouth secretions, vomit should be immediately removed, so that patients breathe.If the patient stopped breathing to Immediate mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration: the patient supine, untie the collar and tight clothes, one hand pinch the patient's nostrils, the other hand holding the jaw to make the head fully supine, and use this hand to open the lips; Take a deep breath, pack your lips tight on the patient's mouth, blow slowly and slowly, until the patient's chest lift; breath stop breathing pinch to relax the hand, so that patients naturally exhale.This repeated, Resuscitation of adult patients, breathing 14 to 16 times per minute, 18 to 24 times the child patients, infants and young children 30. If the poisoning cardiac arrest, but also with the chest outside the heart massage, but not recommended without experience Man operation, so as not to cause patients with rib fractures, pneumothorax and so on.
3. Cover the patient with a coat or blanket and quilt to prevent the patient from getting cold and pneumonia due to the cold, massage the patient's body with the palm, and place the hot water bottle on the lower limb to ensure the body temperature.
4. For those who are not comatose, you can feed some strong tea, fresh radish juice, green bean soup; coma on the coma should immediately press their palms, soles of the feet to promote its wake; for blood pressure, pale, cold sweating and other prostrated patients may Intravenous injection of 50% glucose solution 40 to 60 ml (non-professionals do not operate).
6. To prevent severe poisoning in patients with brain tissue softening and necrosis, the body cooling method can be used, the ice wrapped around the patient's head and torso around the two limbs around the limbs usually 2 hours later, the patient's body temperature can be reduced to 32 ℃ or so, can quickly eliminate the symptoms of shortness of breath .Hospital treatment can still keep cooling on the road, 12 hours after cooling, the patient's paralysis symptoms can ease and slowly wake up, the body can gradually restore activity.
Under normal circumstances, after the above-mentioned treatment, the symptoms of mild poisoning patients can gradually disappear; and for patients with severe poisoning, short-term treatment of the scene or the family should be promptly taken to the hospital for treatment, but not interrupted during transport emergency measures .
Preventive measures to keep in mind
Menacing gas poisoning, prevention in advance is necessary.
1. indoors using charcoal brazier, candles, incense essential oil and other small sources of fire, we should pay attention to maintaining ventilation, can not be closed at the same time doors and windows.
2. Gas water heater should be installed in a well-ventilated location, try not to install in the bathroom; it is recommended to choose a strong row of water heaters, exhaust pipe to ensure connectivity to the outdoors.
3. If you smell the smell of coal after entering the room, you should quickly open the doors and windows, and then check for leaks of gas, then do not fire.
4. Once a month check the tightness of gas equipment and found that leakage should be promptly addressed.
5. Install gas leak alarm in the room.
6. Gas equipment for cleaning and maintenance, the remaining gas must be processed, after passing the test overhaul.
7. In a confined garage or poorly ventilated basement, do not let the car idle for a long time idle, do not sit in the car for a long time.
8. Personnel who have access to gas during their work should receive training in gas knowledge prior to their appointment and guardians and portable gas alarm devices when entering the gas region. When operating in a gas environment, they must wear an air respirator. After operation Should immediately leave and rest properly
