First, the domestic automobile dismantling industry has entered a rapid development stage
1, car dismantling: through the available spare parts, scrap metal recycling benefit
Dismantling of a car is a post-processing process after the car is scrapped: a car scrapped by a car owner can obtain a salvage value, and a state subsidy can be obtained if the car for reimbursement complies with the subsidy standard, while the dismantling enterprise disassembles the scrapped car into usable spare parts, scrap, Waste non-ferrous metals recycling income.
2, China scrapped car recycling dismantling industry development process
China's auto industry only showed explosive development in the recent 20 years, and the development of the dismantling and recycling industry in the early stage of development was limited by the small scale of car ownership and slowed down. As of the first quarter of 2017, the car ownership in China has exceeded 200 million , The automobile recovery dismantling industry is expected to get rapid development.Overall, China's automobile recycling industry can be simply broken down into the following stages:
① founding stage (~ 1982): China's auto ownership in the early liberation of only tens of thousands of vehicles, the development of the early 1980s was up to 2000000. In 1983 the country set up a national leading group for the renovation of old cars, requiring all local materials Departments should designate and appropriate additional recycling, scrap car outlets, speed up the pace of car updates.This stage belongs to the initial exploration stage of the domestic automobile recycling industry.
② Rapid Development Phase (1982 ~ 2001): In the 1980s, the national car ownership increased from 2.16 million in 1982 to 18.45 million in 2001. In line with this, China's automobile scrapped and updated at a corresponding speed. In the 1990s, 580,000 automobiles were scrapped and updated, 150,000 more than the scrapping and renewal volume in the four years from 1986 to 1989. In the 1990s, the state stipulated that dismantling and processing should be carried out on the scrapped vehicles and recycling units purchased in time in the 1990s and the engines, front and rear axles , Transmission, frame, the direction of the main assembly of the five major assembly must be scrapped steel processing, prohibit the sale of scrapped used cars and assembly. Also provides for the national scrapped car recycling (dismantling) control of enterprises in 400, the enterprise recycling Dismantling) of not less than 900 units, and prohibit the approval of new scrapped vehicles recycling (dismantling) enterprises, etc. The 1980s and 1990s are the stage of rapid development of the automobile dismantling industry.
③ Normative Constraints (2001-present): In the 21st century, the dismantling and dismantling of scrapped cars without a license in many areas and the use of the assembly of the five major assembly and scrap parts of scrapped cars have led to the chaos of scrapping and dismantling scrapped cars In June 2001, the State Council promulgated the Measures for the Administration of the Recycling of Scrapped Vehicles, which set forth the code of conduct for scrapped car owners and recyclers, the division of responsibilities between regulators for scrapped vehicles, and the duty of local governments to scrap their vehicles.
4) Looking to a new stage (from 2018 to 2020, the automobile use cycle decides the end of the scrapping peak): China's "Mandatory Motor Vehicles Retirement Standard" was officially implemented from 2013.05.01, and the state will release the vehicles according to the vehicle use and safety technologies Inspection conditions, etc., to compulsory scrapped motor vehicles to achieve retirement standards.Little, miniature private car no service life limit.
After the automobile has reached the end-of-life provisions, its owner shall sell the motor vehicles to the scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises for registration, dismantling, destruction and other disposal as required by the scrapped motor vehicle recycling dismantling enterprises and register the scrapped motor vehicles Certificate, license plate, driving license to pay the traffic management department of public security organ to write off.
The basic types of cars scrapped for 10-15 years.
Since 2003, the ownership of civilian vehicles in China has entered a phase of rapid growth. From the beginning of 2010, the number of vehicles maintained at more than double-digit annual growth. By 2017Q2, vehicle ownership has reached 205 million vehicles, of which medium and small-sized car ownership Than 82% .According to the average life of 10-15 years of retirement life, is expected from 2018 to 2020, China's automobile scrap peak will gradually come.
3, China's scrap car recycling industry overview
Low vehicle recovery rate, the future development of large space.
As of 2015, the number of dismantling qualified enterprises nationwide 603; Affiliated recycling sites 2358. Scrapped car recycling shop has covered more than 80% of the county-level administrative regions, employing more than 28,000 people.
In the year of 2016, a total of 1.59 million scrapped cars were dismantled and dismantled, accounting for 0.8% of the total number of vehicles (the ratio between the amount of vehicles recovered and the number of cars retained). From the analysis of recovery rates, the car scrap rate in China has been hovering around 1% Much lower than the level of 5% -8% of developed countries.If a simple estimate of foreign data, China's annual car sales to 10 million.
The number of scrap car recycling enterprises basically stable scrap car recovery rate is low
In recent years, the proportion of scrapped cars in China (the ratio of car sales to car sales in that year) and the actual car recycling rate (the amount of car scrapped in the current year and the car write-off in the current year Volume ratio) has been very low, which is a big gap with developed countries in 2014. In 2014, the number of cars sold in China was 4.81 million, accounting for about 2.2 million vehicles actually scrapped by recycling and dismantling enterprises in our country, 45.7%, that is, about half of the scrapped vehicles that were written off did not flow into the formal scrapped and dismantled market.
4, loose policy boosted the development of the industry
Promulgating the code of conduct for the scrapped car owners and recyclers, the division of responsibilities between the scrapped car regulators, and the duty of local governments to scrap scrapped cars were promulgated in 2001. The scrapped car dismantling industry began to be standardized.
In 2013, the "Mandatory Scrapping Standard for Motor Vehicles" was promulgated, which stipulated the retirement life of all kinds of motor vehicles and forced retirement by a certain number of years, ensuring the source of scrapped automobiles in the dismantling industry.
In September 2016, the State Council's decision on revising the Measures for the Administration of the Recycling of Scrapped Vehicles (Draft for Solicitation Opinions) publicly solicited opinions. The following highlights were: 1. Scrapped cars are no longer included in special industries; and second, Five assembly 'recycling; three to delete the scrap car purchase price 栺 converted in accordance with the metal content, with reference to scrap metal market price 栺 pricing terms.
It is expected that the formal documents for the sale of the "five major assembly" to the parts and components remanufacturing enterprises will be promulgated soon. The revenue for bicycle dismantling will rise from 2,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan, which will bring huge profits to the dismantling of the enterprises.
Second, the capacity of the automobile dismantling market in 2020 will reach 80 billion yuan, with huge space
1, short-term market rely on a new round of yellow standard car out
Increased urban air pollution prompted accelerated elimination of yellow mark vehicles: Motor vehicle exhaust has become an important source of urban air pollution.WangBiao vehicles refer to the emission level below the national emission standards of gasoline vehicles and the country's three emission standards of diesel vehicles, as of the end of 2013, The country has a total of more than 13 million yellow-label vehicles, accounting for about 10% of the total vehicle ownership, accounting for about 50% of the total pollutant emissions from vehicles. Therefore, the acceleration of the yellow-mark vehicles and old cars is to improve the urban atmosphere An important measure of quality.
In 2014, the state forced the elimination of yellow mark vehicles and created the last round of peak: in 2014, the State Council issued a total of 6 million yellow mark vehicles and old cars to be eliminated, of which 7 provinces and municipalities in such key areas as Beijing, Tianjin, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta were eliminated 4.45 million yellow car and old car, accounting for 40.5% of the total phase-out; 24.5 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in non-key areas eliminated 3.57 million vehicles, accounting for 59.5%
A new round of yellow car out of the policy is expected to be introduced: As of the end of 2013, China has a total of 13 million yellow car standard, we expect that the yellow car from 2014-2017 will be phased out 500,400,250,150,000 respectively, out of 700 in 2014 Wan million, the goal has been completed
2, the long-term market relies on car sales and regular recovery rate increase
China's auto cancellation rate has risen sharply: Japan, the world's largest producer of vehicles, has the highest write-off rate, followed by the United Kingdom and the United States, averaging around 6-7%, while China's cancellation rate is only 3.6%, much larger than that of developed countries Growth is mainly 2009-2010 is the gradual growth of China's car consumption period, according to 10-15 years of retirement calculation, about 2020 car scrap is expected to peak, then the car will be significantly reduced sales write off, and gradually by 2022 Achieve 5.5% level.
Car recycling industry in 2020 nearly 800 billion yuan output value.
Assumptions: China's automobile industry showed a rapid growth from 2009 to 2011. According to the average retirement age of 10-15 years, the proportion of write-offs will gradually increase in 2020 and gradually reach the level of cancellation ratio of 6% .Referring to the recovery of over 70% of the scrapped vehicles in Europe and the United States Rate, with the car recycling industrialization, China's formal recovery rate has room for improvement, assuming the regular 2016-2018 recovery ratio unchanged from 2019 to 2% -3% annual rate of increase.
Taking into account the US bicycle output value of about 22,261 yuan, with the remanufacturing of the five assembly and parts release, car output value will gradually close to international standards.
3. Formal recovery rates need to be subsidized and remanufactured policy liberalization
Scrap car recycling low price is the main factor leading to low recovery.China's formal scrapped car recycling dismantling enterprises in the recovery of vehicles generally according to the weight of the car vehicle weight calculation, around the regular scrapped car recovery price is generally 500 yuan / Ton, in the absence of government subsidies, the scrap value of each car is only 1000-2000 yuan, second-hand car dealers and enterprises with flexible means of flexible means of a wide range of high-priced acquisition of scrapped vehicles, cycling price of 1-2 million Yuan, to grow the scrap car flow to the informal market demand space, scrapped cars to 'false sworn Ji', 'fake household transfer' and other forms of large influx of informal markets, significant price differences on the recovery of scrapped vehicles has become a clear hurdle, At present, the proportion of vehicles reclaimed by the domestic formal channels is only about half.
Subsidies to promote private cars into the formal recovery channels.In the United States, for example, the subsidy level of 4,000 US dollars / vehicle, the EU subsidy level is also 1000 euros / vehicle level. Domestic subsidies between 6000-18000 yuan, the owner has some power to formal Channel recovery.
Scrap car value is low, looking forward to re-manufacturing to let go
US bicycle output value of about 22,261 yuan, but China's dismantling of the car's 'five major assembly' parts of the law is forbidden to sell, reducing the profitability of formal scrapped dismantling enterprises, scrapped car recycling dismantling 70% of operating profit depends on the waste Due to the sluggish market prices of scrap steel in the past two years, scrap prices in automobile dismantling have been upside down, and scrap car recyclers have witnessed pity in repossession and sale.
At present, the output value of dismantling vehicles is only 2000-3000 yuan, while scrapped cars contain 72% of scrap iron, about 6% of waste plastics, about 4% of waste rubber and about 6% of non-ferrous scrap metal, basically all can be recycled, Taking a 1.2-ton scrapped car as an example, if all are treated as scrap materials, the price will be around 2,000-3,000 yuan. If the components under disassembly go through remanufacturing links, the estimated value will be about 20,000 yuan 6 ~ 7 times as material recycling value.
Third, the relevant industry chain
Remanufacturing is a process of mass remanufacturing or upgrading specialized electromechanical products to restore them to a batch manufacturing process that is as good as new or newer than remanufactured products. Remanufactured products typically save on costs by 50% and save energy by 60% %, Material 70%, the price is only 50% to 70% of new products, remanufactured parts with high economy and practicality. In the United States, Germany and other countries, trucks, passenger cars and other parts remanufacturing Industry output up to tens of billions.
Up to now, the NDRC has released three batches of re-production pilot units and product list, a total of 42 enterprises were allowed to re-manufacture 9 parts.
