Since December last year, 3GPP announced the first 5G standard freeze, talk about 5G is not so out of reach. Here to briefly explain the full name of the third-generation Partnership Project 3GPP, or third-generation partnership project, including The purpose of aiming at playing a role as an industry association is to provide a unified technical specification (TS) and technical report (TR) for all to help members of the organization rely on standardization The guidance of the corresponding localization and targeted processing, and thus form a standard process and norms.As for why it is the beginning of 3G, it is because the organization really to force, from the 3G era has been struggling to the 5G era, although there are the middle 3GPP2 and WiMAX such a similar Organization has a short time rivals, but did not really shake its position. The role of a unified standard Think we can easily understand, after all, a little older classmates, on the assortment of different but before the phone charger interface should still be a little impressed, that even with the same brand of mobile phones, chargers Not necessarily universal awkward situation, I believe no one is willing to re-experience it. Especially at the same time there are 2mm, 2.5mm, 3.5mm three interfaces and ten different current sizes, and even can be arranged to play a combination of flowers out of a cell phone brand So that Xiaobian math weakness is really extremely scared ah, as for a brand, that is you, the back row of Nokia classmates. Finished 3GPP we say why a standard freeze will cause so much attention, because the freeze means that the finalized, and although there may be some details of the revised, but the overall framework and content has been finalized, the need for large-scale Commercially, of course, heard the signal of the charge of assault, the heart of the end ah. Incidentally, this freeze is only part of the complete 5G standard, accurate point, which is mainly 5G NR non-independent network (NSA- Non-Standalone) part, simply to relying on the existing 4G core network and base station to develop 5G. As for why we need to adopt a transitional approach to complete this network upgrade, we should talk about communications operation of its large number of base station construction and a series of related maintenance costs, land, towers, transmission lines, construction, human and material resources So have to spend money ah, this is really a local tycoon operators think burn game.First, upgrade the existing resources, and then initially building driving on the 4G core network above the 5G base station, when the scale reaches a certain level Re-dominated again, the gigabit LTE as a supporting network, this plan appears to be a lot of friendly, and the only way for operators in all countries have the courage and motivation to actively promote the development of 5G. It is in the face of such a plan, and now the 4G point of transition to 5G can be called a key turning point in the development of 5G, dominant enterprises in the past are desperately trying to maintain its position in the lead, the new entry of the players Is also actively looking for cooperation to explore entry points, try every means to earn a place in the 5G era. As we all know, 5G planned three major scenarios, eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) scene has come in the forefront, has been basically finalized in stage R15. Important coding aspects, Turbo2.0, Polar and LDPC can be described as a war Happy, Turbo2.0 code in the technology and the major manufacturers are not expected to take advantage of the situation out prematurely, the latter two have achieved good results, including the main push Polar code Huawei was identified as short eMBB scenes Code signaling channel coding scheme, and the main push LDPC code Qualcomm goes one step further, not only won the long code, short code has also been set as the data channel coding scheme. Of course, this alone can not determine the direction of the entire 5G era. Though the coding is the core technology of the physical layer, it is composed of a multi-system and multi-scene in terms of 5G network itself, and will cover a wider area To know that in the 3G era, Qualcomm could have a huge technology system with two core patents including 'soft switch' and 'power control' and more than two thousand peripheral patents Still need extremely profound technical details.This reaction is also evident above the 5G, even if the contents of the network has made a qualitative leap, but Qualcomm can still seize the initiative and hold the leading position early and through the premise, Domestic enterprises have to learn a lot, directly said China won such an exaggerated language 5G era, not like trying to catch up, but rather deliberately winning. 5G to achieve Naturally, it is the result of all kinds of new technologies joining in and improvement of the existing technologies. First of all, let's talk about a technology that we can see and feel - massive MIMO. MIMO is Multiple-Input Multiple-Output , More into the extra, this is an LTE era itself technology, such as 2X2 MIMO, simple to understand is 2 inputs +2 outputs. Mass performance in the part we can directly observe is the further expansion of multi-antenna And can even form a matrix of hundreds of antennas.It not only increases the spectrum resources, but also improves the spectrum efficiency of the user system greatly, reduces the transmission power and reduces the intra-cell and inter-cell interference.Although large-scale MIMO is due to the antenna The increase in the number of channels will bring new problems in many aspects of channel modeling, but this relationship with our consumers is not too big.  Micro base station Coincident with the large-scale MIMO, there is usually a term called micro base station. Here need to introduce the concept of millimeter wave, the University Physics tells us that the electromagnetic wavelength: Where c is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum, approximately 3 × 10 ^ 8m / s, ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, taking the 28GHz frequency band used by Qualcomm as its first 5G connection with the Snapdragon X50 baseband as an example. The meaning of millimeter waves is very simple, that is, the wavelength of millimeter electromagnetic waves, converted to frequency, that is, the frequency is equal to about 30GHz or even higher waves. The benefits of high frequencies are obvious. The higher the frequency, the higher the amount of information that can be carried and the wider the spectrum resources: In the above formula, 1.8GHz-2.6GHz is the frequency commonly used by operators in China in the 4G era. However, the first half is not the actual frequency band used by 5G. It is just an example to show that in the millimeter wave band, it is easy to obtain larger bandwidth. The downside of high frequencies is also very simple: the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the weaker the diffraction power of the wave, and the greater the attenuation in the propagation process. The area covered by a traditional base station can not be obtained after using the millimeter wave Good coverage, which requires the use of micro-base station mentioned earlier, the use of smaller but larger quantities of micro-base station to match the millimeter wave, in order to ensure good network coverage and user experience. That base station coverage, millimeter wave applications, large-scale MIMO these have all, in order to make good use of 5G, we are also the mobile phone as the main entrance of the mobile phone is also the top priority .There are not many things that can be discussed in this regard, because Now the phone has a standard 5G modem and connected, and only the Qualcomm Snapdragon X50, the rest of the manufacturers of competing products have been routed to the second half of this year or 2019, which is what we have always stressed the need to see the gap Then let us talk about another important related items - RF front end. Now the mobile phone, especially the flagship model of each house, which is the most widely used RF technology, in fact, I do not say you know that it must be Qualcomm, after all, the whole part of the phone, Qualcomm can be completely opened up. RF front-end is not limited to most students think of the antenna, it is actually a very complex circuit system involves the baseband transmission of information and many other content, the antenna can be understood as a function of its end components. And because Involved in multi-band, multi-network format and other issues, the number of mobile phones also have a number of gaps, the whole system down together with the previously mentioned modem, basically covers the entire process of cell-phone signal starting with this Two sharp tools, no wonder we all love and Qualcomm cooperation. One can see that many of the recent models use one or more of Qualcomm's RF front-end solutions, the PAMiD module (power amplifier module with diplexer) on the LG V30 and SONY Xperia XZ Premium, Envelope Tracker, Impedance Tuner, Diversity Receiver Module, Aperture Tuner, LNA, Extractor and BAW Filter on Samsung S8, Discrete and Pixel 2 / XL Filter Separators. Last month 25 Number of Qualcomm technology and cooperation summit, the majority of domestic mobile phone manufacturers come to the scene, Lenovo, OPPO, vivo, millet and other four companies and Qualcomm also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), indicating that the intention will be in three years to Qualcomm procurement value A total of not less than 2 billion US dollars in the RF front-end. 5G's move to the mobile Internet, to mobile phones and even to our lives will be beyond imagination. At this critical turning point, we are so concerned about the industry dynamics, but also because of our endless expectations of 5G life. The idea of how, but small series on the upcoming MWC 2018 is already eyed, do not know who will grab Snapdragon 845's debut, but no matter what cell phone, Xiaobian want to experience the first time to experience, after all, At this point of transition, each step taken takes us closer to 5G.
Since December last year, 3GPP announced the first 5G standard freeze, talk about 5G is not so out of reach. Here to briefly explain the full name of the third-generation Partnership Project 3GPP, or third-generation partnership project, including The purpose of aiming at playing a role as an industry association is to provide a unified technical specification (TS) and technical report (TR) for all to help members of the organization rely on standardization The guidance of the corresponding localization and targeted processing, and thus form a standard process and norms.As for why it is the beginning of 3G, it is because the organization really to force, from the 3G era has been struggling to the 5G era, although there are the middle 3GPP2 and WiMAX such a similar Organization has a short time rivals, but did not really shake its position. The role of a unified standard Think we can easily understand, after all, a little older classmates, on the assortment of different but before the phone charger interface should still be a little impressed, that even with the same brand of mobile phones, chargers Not necessarily universal awkward situation, I believe no one is willing to re-experience it. Especially at the same time there are 2mm, 2.5mm, 3.5mm three interfaces and ten different current sizes, and even can be arranged to play a combination of flowers out of a cell phone brand So that Xiaobian math weakness is really extremely scared ah, as for a brand, that is you, the back row of Nokia classmates. Finished 3GPP we say why a standard freeze will cause so much attention, because the freeze means that the finalized, then although there may be some details of the revision, but the overall framework and content have been finalized, the need for large-scale Commercially, of course, heard the signal of the charge of assault, the heart of the end ah. Incidentally, this freeze is only part of the complete 5G standard, accurate point, which is mainly 5G NR non-independent network (NSA- Non-Standalone) part, simply to relying on the existing 4G core network and base station to develop 5G. As for why we need to adopt a transitional approach to complete this network upgrade, we should talk about communications operation of its large number of base station construction and a series of related maintenance costs, land, towers, transmission lines, construction, human and material resources So have to spend money ah, this is really a local tycoon operators think burn game.First upgrade the existing resources, and then preliminary construction drive in the 4G core network above the 5G base station, when the scale reaches a certain level Re-dominated again, the gigabit LTE as a supporting network, this plan appears to be a lot of friendly, and the only way for operators in all countries have the courage and motivation to actively promote the development of 5G. It is in the face of such a plan, and now the 4G point of transition to 5G can be called a key turning point in the development of 5G, dominant enterprises in the past are desperately trying to maintain its position in the lead, the new entry of the players Is also actively looking for cooperation to explore entry points, try every means to earn a place in the 5G era. As we all know, 5G planned three major scenarios, eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) scene has come in the forefront, has been basically finalized in stage R15. Important coding aspects, Turbo2.0, Polar and LDPC can be described as a war Happy, Turbo2.0 code in the technology and the major manufacturers are not expected to take advantage of the situation out prematurely, the latter two were achieved good results, including the main push Polar code Huawei was identified as short eMBB scene Code signaling channel coding scheme, and the main push LDPC code Qualcomm goes one step further, not only won the long code, short code has also been set as the data channel coding scheme. Of course, this alone can not determine the direction of the entire 5G era. Though the coding is the core technology in the physical layer, it is a multi-system and multi-scenario network that covers a wider area as far as the 5G network itself is concerned To know that in the 3G era, Qualcomm could have a huge technology system with two core patents including 'soft switch' and 'power control' and more than two thousand peripheral patents Still need extremely profound technical details.This reaction is also evident above the 5G, even if the contents of the network has made a qualitative leap, but Qualcomm can still seize the initiative and hold the leading position early and through the premise, Domestic enterprises have to learn a lot, directly said China won such an exaggerated language 5G era, not like trying to catch up, but rather deliberately winning. 5G to achieve Naturally, it is the result of all kinds of new technologies joining in and improvement of the existing technologies. First of all, let's talk about a technology that we can see and feel - massive MIMO. MIMO is Multiple-Input Multiple-Output , More into the extra, this is an LTE era itself technology, such as 2X2 MIMO, simple to understand is 2 inputs +2 outputs. Mass performance in the part we can directly observe is the further expansion of multi-antenna And can even form a matrix of hundreds of antennas.It not only increases the spectrum resources, but also improves the spectrum efficiency of the user system greatly, reduces the transmission power and reduces the intra-cell and inter-cell interference.Although large-scale MIMO is due to the antenna The increase in the number of channels will bring new problems in many aspects of channel modeling, but this relationship with our consumers is not too big. Micro base station Coincident with the large-scale MIMO, there is usually a term called micro base station. Here need to introduce the concept of millimeter wave, the University Physics tells us that the electromagnetic wavelength: Where c is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum, approximately 3 × 10 ^ 8m / s, ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, taking the 28GHz frequency band used by Qualcomm as its first 5G connection with the Snapdragon X50 baseband as an example. The meaning of millimeter waves is very simple, that is, the wavelength of millimeter electromagnetic waves, converted to frequency, that is, the frequency is equal to about 30GHz or even higher waves. The benefits of high frequencies are obvious. The higher the frequency, the higher the amount of information that can be carried and the wider the spectrum resources: In the above formula, 1.8GHz-2.6GHz is the frequency commonly used by operators in China in the 4G era. However, the first half is not the actual frequency band used by 5G. It is just an example to show that in the millimeter wave band, it is easy to obtain larger bandwidth. The downside of high frequencies is also very simple: the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the weaker the diffraction power of the wave, and the greater the attenuation in the propagation process. The area covered by a traditional base station can not be obtained after using the millimeter wave Good coverage, which requires the use of micro-base station mentioned earlier, the use of smaller but larger quantities of micro-base station to match the millimeter wave, in order to ensure good network coverage and user experience. That base station coverage, millimeter wave applications, large-scale MIMO these are all have, in order to make good use of 5G, we are in the hands of mobile phones as the main entrance of mobile Internet, is also the top priority .There are not many things that can be discussed in this regard, because Now the phone has a standard 5G modem and connected, and only the Qualcomm Snapdragon X50, the rest of the manufacturers of competing products have been routed in the second half of this year or 2019, which is what we have been emphasizing the need to see the gap Then let us talk about another important related items - RF front end. Now the mobile phones, especially the flagship model of each house, which is the most widely used RF technology, in fact, I do not say you know that must be Qualcomm, after all, the whole part of the phone, Qualcomm can be completely opened up. RF front-end is not limited to most students think of the antenna, it is actually a very complex circuit system involves the baseband transmission of information and many other content, the antenna can be understood as a function of its end components. And because Involved in multi-band, multi-network format and other issues, the number of mobile phones also have a number of gaps, the whole system down together with the previously mentioned modem, basically covers the entire process of cell-phone signal starting with this Two sharp tools, no wonder we all love and Qualcomm cooperation. One can see that many of the recent models use one or more of Qualcomm's RF front-end solutions, the PAMiD module (power amplifier module with diplexer) on the LG V30 and SONY Xperia XZ Premium, Envelope Tracker, Impedance Tuner, Diversity Reception Module, Aperture Tuner, LNA, Extractor and BAW Filter on Samsung S8, Discrete and Pixel 2 / XL Filter Separators. Last month 25 Number of Qualcomm technology and cooperation summit, the majority of domestic mobile phone manufacturers come to the scene, Lenovo, OPPO, vivo, millet and other four companies and Qualcomm also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), indicating that the intention will be in three years to Qualcomm procurement value A total of not less than 2 billion US dollars in the RF front-end. 5G's move to the mobile Internet, to mobile phones and even to our lives will be beyond imagination. At this critical turning point, we are so concerned about the industry dynamics, but also because of our endless expectations of 5G life. The idea of how, but small series on the upcoming MWC 2018 is already eyed, do not know who will grab Snapdragon 845's debut, but no matter what cell phone, Xiaobian want to experience the first time to experience, after all, At this point of transition, each step taken takes us closer to 5G.
|
