China's water resources are tight, but the water has been extensively used for a long time, of which agricultural water accounts for 63% of the total water consumption in the country, while the effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water in China is only 40%, which is 20% lower than that in developed countries, Promote the development of water-saving agriculture has great potential and broad prospects.How to promote the development of China's water-saving irrigation equipment and technology to achieve the 'one control two minus three basic' target (requiring the total amount of agricultural water to maintain 372 billion cubic meters), a few days ago, On the "Sino-Italian Water-saving Technical Cooperation and Agricultural Green Development Forum" held in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, experts from the industry carried out in-depth discussions on the above issues.
1. National water-saving irrigation area of more than 400 million mu
'There is no need to worry about cultivating farmland and sowing farm machinery. Now that we have our own' dragon king ', we can rain anytime in the future. When the switch was turned on, the water was tapped and tap water could be used in our place! "In May last year, the villagers of Xinmin Village, Wudang Weidong Office in Inner Mongolia, talked happily about it. The" Dragon King "and" Water faucet 'is a modern irrigation drought equipment.' In recent years, their high cost of irrigated land, low efficiency, poor results, with this set of equipment will greatly enhance the efficiency of irrigated land and the effect of irrigated land, we cooperative members of dry land per acre agricultural Increase production of more than 10%, the intensive management of land will be substantially increased! "Wulanhaote Wei new agricultural machinery farming cooperatives Fu Zhwuwu said.
However, in the dry and drought-less Xinjiang region, the evapotranspiration of crops is greatly reduced due to the popularization of drip irrigation technology. The average water consumption is reduced to one-eighth of that of the traditional irrigation methods. Farmers need only water, fertilizer and medicine This technology is not only widely used in Xinjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Gansu and other provinces and autonomous regions, but also go abroad to promote to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan , Angola and many other countries.
After years of exploration, China is now bidding farewell to the traditional method of flood irrigation, and irrigating land has begun to shift to irrigated crops. In the past, efficient irrigation methods were mostly promoted on cash crops and now extended to field crops. , Mu can save 2 workers. And less waste, good ecology, water-saving 2.29 billion cubic meters. 'Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Mechanization Technology Development and Extension Station Deputy Director Xu Zhenxing introduction to 2016, promote the use of our country More than 22,500 sets of agricultural pumps, water-saving irrigation machinery more than 2.26 million units, promote the use of high efficiency water-saving mechanization technology area of more than 290 million mu, the national water-saving irrigation area of more than 400 million mu.
In recent years, with the rise of the Internet, cloud computing and Internet of Things technologies, water-saving irrigation has become more 'smart'. Farmers can go through real-time monitoring of farmland with precision irrigation sensors, Soil moisture, temperature, light and other data information at a glance displayed in a variety of terminal equipment, to achieve intelligent irrigation farmland awareness, intelligent early warning, intelligent decision-making, intelligent analysis and guidance and other services.
2. Product performance, farmers need to raise awareness of water conservation
Efficient and precise irrigation equipment is the necessary guarantee for the development of water-saving irrigation.Yan Haijun, Dean of College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University introduced: 'Sprinkler irrigation, for example, the world's current sprinkler irrigation equipment models tend to be stable, high technology maturity , Can achieve low pressure spraying, precision irrigation and other functions, but also the equipment is simple and reliable.
The quality and technological level of irrigation equipment to a large extent determines the efficiency of irrigation, affecting the sustainable development of water-saving irrigation industry.So, compared with foreign countries, water-saving irrigation equipment is what? Jiangsu Province, a new type of high efficiency Water-saving irrigation equipment industry technology innovation strategic alliance Li Hong, vice president of strategic alliances introduced: 'Developed countries, water-saving irrigation equipment products excellent performance, and advanced technology, high degree of automation while China's water-saving irrigation industry, low-end products overcapacity, most high-end products Dependent on imports. In the actual agricultural production, there is a lack of large, medium and small sprinkler units that adapt to the national conditions, low energy consumption and precision. Many products have poor performance and the manufacturing quality is not high. The combination of technology application and equipment R & D needs is relatively weak. Materials and new technology is not much used.
The backwardness is not only the equipment, farmers 'awareness also hindered the promotion of equipment.' Some farmers have a relatively low level of education, awareness of water-saving is not strong, resulting in awareness of water-saving irrigation equipment is not comprehensive.Although the national policy has the support, The water-saving irrigation equipment into the catalog of subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase, but because of a one-time investment is relatively large, and support is also limited, it will weaken the purchasing willingness of some farmers. "Xu Zhenxing explained.
The development of water-saving irrigation equipment is also crucial in order to achieve the full mechanization of the production of major crops. "Machinery and equipment have been widely used in agricultural production and harvesting, and mechanization of water-saving irrigation has to be achieved in order to achieve full mechanization. Efficient irrigation technology incompatible with mechanized farming, irrigation facilities are not perfect, backward irrigation technology, this link has become a short board! 'Irrigation and drainage center chief expert Xie Chong Bao believes that with the acceleration of urbanization, land The further improvement of the scale of operation has put forward higher requirements on agricultural irrigation. However, the water conservancy construction and management and protection mechanism in rural areas of our country have not been activated and the monitoring system of irrigation districts has not yet been established, and the level of water conservancy science and technology and informatization and intelligent management are not high In the future, the construction task will be very arduous.
3. Products to keep up with the development trend for local needs
Agriculture is the largest water user in China, and efficient irrigation equipment and technologies are crucial to improve the efficiency of water resources.Efficient irrigation equipment and technologies not only increase the effective sown area of crops, but also increase the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water The main mechanization of crop production.Then, China's water-saving irrigation equipment from which aspects to enhance it? Also need to focus on what the key technology?
Products R & D must closely follow the industry hot spots. 'Now automation equipment integration and the degree of intelligence is getting higher and higher, automatic control and precision irrigation technology is also in line with future trends; at present, many countries are committed to the research and development of low-pressure sprinkler system, Low energy consumption sprinkler technology attention; comprehensive use of clean energy more and more favored, such as wind energy, solar energy, water can ... ... These are the industry's key points. 'Li Hong believes that the relevant research units in the future to strengthen the technology and equipment Theory and design methods, enterprises should improve their own research and development capabilities, but also to strengthen cooperation between the two to meet the market demand for products and shorten the product development cycle.
As for the cooperation between enterprises and research institutes, Jiangsu Huayuan Water Saving Co., Ltd. is exploring and cooperating with Jiangsu University and China University of Mining and Technology to promote the cooperation among production, study and research as well as to strengthen technological innovation. 'The chairman of the company Qiu Ruimin introduced, in addition, Huayuan also with foreign companies to establish relations of cooperation, and the Italian advanced irrigation technology into China, based on China's national conditions to absorb the product transformation.
In production practice, the selection of equipment and peasant production should be combined with the practice of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center Chief Expert Gao Xiangzhao recommendations: First, to optimize the equipment selection, to consider the situation around the characteristics of crops to choose the right equipment. Xinjiang Popularization of drip irrigation technology in the local do have a lot of advantages, but the change to North China or other regions may not be suitable. Second is to optimize the layout of the field. To advance planning micro-jetting, drip tape location, to consider To other large farm machinery operations, not because of large farm machinery into the field operations led to the crushing of irrigation equipment occurred in some places to promote the buried, retractable water-saving irrigation equipment worth learning.
For the future development of water-saving irrigation industry, Xu Zhenxing said: During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, we should explore the production mode of water-saving irrigated agriculture while vigorously promoting the mechanization of the main crop production; Three basic 'objectives and requirements, the formation of the main push technology and machine models; in promoting the mechanization of the development of a comprehensive, research into the formation of efficient water-saving mechanization technology routes and equipment.