Talking about the Development and Application of Medicinal Plastics

Medicinal plastic, as the name implies, is the medicine that is used to cure the plastic, which is the biggest difference between it and the medical plastic mainly used in the appliance and packaging applications.At present, most of the plastic varieties that can be used for medicinal purposes come from bio-based polymer materials , Mainly natural bio-based polymer materials, after appropriate treatment, processing and modification, prepared for the pharmaceutical plastic.

At present, medicinal plastics can be roughly divided into the following categories according to their uses: 1) External use: plastic is used as a carrier such as plastic insect repellent and plastic topical analgesic tablet; plastic itself is an important component of medicine such as chitosan protective dressing, polyvinyl alcohol Eye drops. 2) Internal medicine: plastic as a carrier such as fenofibrate (for the treatment of hyperlipidemia); plastic itself is an important component of a medicine such as chitin capsules 3) Artificial organs such as plastic blood, artificial liver 4) Health products: such as protein powder, dietary fiber.

The following examples illustrate some of the medicinal plastics that have been used clinically and healthily in medicine.

First, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol eye drops

Polyvinyl alcohol series products are white solid, the appearance of sub-flocculent, granular, powder three, non-toxic tasteless, pollution-free, soluble in water 80--90 ℃, the aqueous solution has good adhesion and Film-forming property: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the only vinyl polymer that can be utilized by bacteria as a carbon source and energy source. It degrades 75% after 46 days under the action of bacteria and enzymes and is a biodegradable polymer material.

Medical grade polyvinyl alcohol is different from chemical grade polyvinyl alcohol. It is a kind of extremely safe macromolecule organics. It is non-toxic to human body and has no side effect. It has good biocompatibility, especially in medical applications such as aqueous gel In the ophthalmology, wound dressing and artificial joints, while polyvinyl alcohol film in the medicinal film, artificial kidney membrane also used.

Dry eye is due to the amount of tear or quality abnormalities caused by instability of the intima and ocular surface damage, resulting in a class of diseases of the eye discomfort.As polyvinyl alcohol is a polymer, with hydrophilic and film-forming, In the appropriate concentration, can play a similar role of artificial tears, topical use can improve the ophthalmic moisture and lubrication capabilities to eliminate eye discomfort, which play a therapeutic effect of dry eye .Polyvinyl alcohol eye drops is the first and only Artificial tears close to the human body, is a national ophthalmic drug production base for many years by experts in clinical research, approved by the State Drug Administration of new drugs.

Second, chitin plastic and derivatives Chitosan plastic

◆ chitin and chitin capsules

Chitin, also known as chitin, is the second largest biological resource in the world after the plant fiber.Chitin in nature are mostly closely linked with insoluble inorganic salts and proteins in water.People in order to obtain chitin, The shell of crustacean is often prepared by chemical or microbiological methods.At present, industrialized production often adopts chemical method, after acid-base treatment, removes calcium salt and protein, and then takes off the acetyl group with strong alkali to obtain the soluble under the heating condition Chitin.

Some chitin capsules are on the market

Chitin capsules made of chitin can help eliminate all kinds of harmful substances in the body. Therefore, it is very important for adjuvant treatment of cancer patients and can eliminate the toxicity caused by anticancer drugs to body cells. These toxicities can cause different degrees of myelosuppression resulting in Nausea and vomiting during treatment of cancer patients and abnormal liver function, while chitin can slow down organ damage, play a strong protective effect on human organs.

In addition, chitin capsules can lower blood pressure and improve insulin utilization, is very suitable for patients with diabetes, liver and kidney disease, high blood pressure, obesity and other diseases. It is the ideal medicine to help cure diseases and improve the quality of life .For example, Chitin capsules, its main role as: tumor suppression, prevention of diabetes, hypertension, obesity embolism; regulation of diet.

◆ Chitosan and Velvet Chitosan Medical Nursing Liquid Dressing

Chitosan is a derivative of chitin after deacetylation of acetyl by concentrated alkaline water.Chitosan can be blended with other natural bio-based polymer materials into chitosan plastic, such as chitosan and cellulose blends , Which can be used in the production of packaging materials, agricultural films, seedlings and other products; chitosan and starch blends composite film is insoluble in water, high tensile strength, can be used for packaging food.

Velcro chitosan Medical Nursing liquid dressing consists of chitosan, lactic acid, ethanol, purified water and other components, as a colorless or light yellow liquid. Spray on the wound after breathable moisture can be absorbed by the body of the insulation film may be Protect the wound and the formation of a wet environment, with anti-leakage, anti-adhesion, stop bleeding, prevent infection and promote wound healing and so on, so it is suitable for small area skin wounds and surgical incision care.

Third, protein plastic and protein powder

Protein plastics are one of the most widely used natural bio-based polymer plastics in the field of biodegradable materials. The use of protein plastics as renewable resources to produce biodegradable and biocompatible environmentally friendly materials is an emerging Question.

The main role of protein powder is to correct the protein malnutrition of the body, which is mainly suitable for patients with severe protein loss due to trauma, burns, extensive skin ulcers, major surgery after surgery, tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the body is in a negative nitrogen balance ; Can also be used for patients with anorexia nervosa, functional dyspepsia, intestinal absorption disorders leading to protein intake or inadequate absorption; or for growth and development of children, gestational and lactating women and gastrointestinal function than Weak elderly.

Fourth, cellulose plastics and dietary fiber

Cellulose plastic is prepared by the cellulose or cellulose derivatives in plants by chemical treatment, after adding various chemical agents through a variety of additives, through the physical modification of a class of thermoplastics. Cellulose derivatives are mainly nitrocellulose Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and the like.

Although human dietary cellulose can not be digested and absorbed, but can promote intestinal peristalsis, conducive to excretion and other functions, dietary fiber, including crude cellulose, semi-crude cellulose and lignin. Dietary fiber generally used from natural foods Konjac, oat, buckwheat, apple, cactus and carrot, etc. The main functions of dietary cellulose are: to treat diabetes, prevent and treat coronary heart disease, antihypertensive effect, anti-cancer effect, Weight loss treatment of obesity, treatment of constipation, removal of exogenous harmful substances, prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids, promote calcium absorption, improve oral and dental function, prevention and treatment of gallstones, etc. There are many domestic and foreign dietary fiber brands, for example: from Shanghai Second Medical University According to the characteristics of Chinese children's growth and development, scientific research and development of children's children's dietary fiber granules Chong Yuan Kang.

Five, plastic blood

The plastic blood developed by researchers at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom is a new blood substitute that is made of plastic molecules, a type of liquid plastic. The size of millions of plastic molecules in human blood It is similar in shape to hemoglobin, carrying iron atoms and delivering it to the body like hemoglobin, while retaining it for several months at room temperature and being easy to store, and acceptable to anyone with any blood type. Although it It does not replace the real blood in the long run, but it plays a key role in the emergency rescue of blood.

In addition to its expiration date, plastic blood is easy to preserve and its structure is similar to that of honey, so its manufacturing cost is low and its transportation is convenient. However, since this 'plastic blood' can not permanently replace blood flowing naturally in blood vessels, Enter the normal blood again as soon as possible.

Six, artificial liver support system

Artificial livers are one of the biggest challenges in the global medical community, and scientists have spent years trying to find a system that removes blood toxins and preserves the blood's beneficial components to extend the survival time of liver-damaged patients. The so-called 'artificial liver' is an extracorporeal circulation device. The patient's blood is purified, detoxified and replenished into beneficial components during in vitro flow. In fact, it replaces some functions of the liver and therefore refers to the artificial liver as a "manual Liver Support System '.

It is a conical object, made of plastic, about 50 centimeters in diameter and 10 centimeters in diameter. The cone contains cellulose and pig liver cells with clean blood functions. Pig liver cells can supplement some blood components When using this system, blood is drawn from the patient's body first and partly into a device that separates the solid cells from the liquid plasma, which then flows into the system and is filtered and mixed with the blood cells and returned to the body.This technique, To avoid the mutual exclusion of human blood cells and pig blood cells, get better medical results.Artificial liver support system is used to rescue critical illness such as liver necrosis, but can not find a suitable emergency transplanted organ patients emergency measures, As a state of emergency external auxiliary device.

Outlook

The development of medical plastic has been more than 60 years of history, and its application has penetrated into various medical fields, and now it has developed into medicinal plastics, and some achievements have been gradually made.However, from the time of using bio-based polymer materials to prepare medical plastic and artificial Organ is still some way to go, so the need to continue in-depth research and exploration of innovation.

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