China Agricultural University, Professor Bai Ren Park
Since 2014, the development of agricultural mechanization and the development environment in our country have conveyed strong information from high-speed growth to high-quality development. At present, agricultural mechanization must also be conditioned to high-quality development. In 2014, China's crop cultivation and mechanization levels have been More than 60%, this figure means that the development of agricultural mechanization has entered the final stage of the transition, that is, to the full, comprehensive, high quality and efficient transformation and upgrading period.From the development environment, in 2014, China's economic GDP for the first time more than 100,000 One hundred million US dollars, ranking the second largest economy in the world status, the three industrial employment structure for the first time evolved into the three two one structure, that is, the employment of social workers in the tertiary industry the most, the proportion has more than 40% while the primary industry The number of employed people is reduced to at least 30% .In the crop mechanization and harvesting integrated mechanization level of more than 60% based on the 2015 Ministry of Agriculture launched the main mechanization of crop production to promote action to promote the full mechanization of the main crops from the three major food Crops expanded to nine crops of grain and oil, sugar, promote the modernization of agricultural mechanization in our country, The meaning is very big.Newly released data in 2017 show that China's total GDP has exceeded 80 trillion yuan, peasants per capita disposable income reached 13,400 yuan.A comprehensive analysis in this context, the amount of agricultural inputs and inputs are Should be increased.
However, in fact, the total investment in agricultural mechanization and the purchase of agricultural machinery have seen a continuous decline since 2014. From the point of view of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, some areas feel subsidies are not enough, need to be increased, and some areas would rather not subsidize. Weird phenomenon reminds us that in the new era, the development of agricultural mechanization has shifted from supply-demand demand to demand-driven supply. The change of demand side promotes supply-side change has become the main engine of promoting high-quality agricultural mechanization, which is the new kinetic energy of new era The main characteristics of our country.In general, China's agricultural machinery to adapt to the three major food crops more to meet the requirements of the plains more equipment, and adapt to the requirements of other crops to meet the requirements of hilly areas are less mechanical requirements. In some areas, some links have already become saturated, while those that meet the requirements of structural adjustment and optimization and upgrading are still in short supply. Some of the agricultural machinery with overcapacity can not be sold and the urgent agricultural machinery fails to be produced, Can not meet the market demand. The supply structure does not adapt to changes in the demand structure, resulting in a total market transactions Therefore, the decline in the purchase of farm machinery is not a problem of insufficient demand, but rather an issue of insufficient effective supply.
In the new era, it is necessary to implement the concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing of new development, continuously enhance economic innovation and competitiveness, and promote the high-quality development of agricultural machinery industry and agricultural mechanization. Combining with the actualization of agricultural mechanization, we should focus on the following point:
First, according to the goals and strategic arrangements for building a fully-fledged socialist modern nation, we must make every effort to formulate goals and strategic arrangements for the agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization 2020 and 2035 to be phased in by the middle of this century. It is understood that at present, the work of agriculture Ministry, Ministry of Industry has already started.
The second is to promote the supply-side structural reform of agricultural mechanization. The agricultural machinery manufacturing and distribution departments and the agricultural mechanization production service organizations should perform their respective duties and make every effort to coordinate and promote the development of the entire development blueprint and make the development blueprint a reality. Departments should take raising the quality of agricultural machinery supply system as the main direction, with high-quality guarantee of agricultural machinery products as the main line to promote the realization of China's agricultural machinery manufacturing from low to medium-end high-end global value chain, cultivate world-class advanced agricultural machinery manufacturing cluster, and promote The development of large and medium-sized enterprises to create world-renowned Chinese agricultural machinery enterprises and Chinese agricultural machinery brand.Agricultural production and services to high-quality agricultural mechanization process as the main line to build a modern agricultural industry system, production system, cultivate the emerging agricultural business entities, development Various forms of moderate scale operations, the main full-process, to promote comprehensive, smallholder and modern agriculture to achieve organic convergence, and promote agricultural production, efficiency, increase farmers, so that hundreds of millions of farmers have more sense of mechanization and agricultural mechanization and happiness .
Third, to solve the problem of inadequate development of high quality, we must do a good job of focusing our efforts on tackling crucial issues and tackling key issues and supplementing the shortcomings. At present, the mechanized shortages of crops are mainly rice in cash crops and food crops, potatoes At present, the areas where the level of agricultural mechanization in our country is relatively backward are concentrated in the double cropping rice areas, the southwestern areas and the hilly mountain areas. In the process of building a powerful and modern socialist country, implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country areas and promoting the modernization of agricultural mechanization, Lay these crops on and fight tough battles in these areas to make the most of the hardships.
Fourth, organize the formulation of indicators and standards for agricultural mechanization and high-quality development. After the Ninth National People's Congress, the National Bureau of Statistics has begun to work out high-quality development standards. The front of the agricultural machinery should be immediately followed up with guidance of the new development concept, High-quality development standards for international connection.
Fifth, learn from the experience of precision poverty alleviation, strengthen the statistical, monitoring, evaluation of agricultural mechanization, high-quality development to squeeze out the water precision agricultural mechanization.