On October 18, 2017, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out in his report at the 19th Congress that accelerating the building of an innovation-oriented country should aim at the frontier of science and technology in the world, strengthen basic research, and realize forward-looking basic research and lead a major breakthrough in original achievements. Specific policies will continue to be introduced to support the development of science and technology. In the future, China will gradually transform itself from a manufacturing power to a technological power.
First, the proportion of social R & D expenditure in GDP has risen, and innovation has become a new impetus to development
From the point of view of scientific and technological innovation in the whole society, in the recent five years, China's capability of technological innovation has risen significantly. In 2017, R & D expenditure in the whole society is expected to reach 1.76 trillion yuan, an increase of 70.9% over 2012. In 2017, R & D expenditure of the whole society accounted for GDP Proportion of 2.15%, the proportion of an upward trend in recent years.Forest view that R & D spending growth will continue to be greater than the GDP growth rate, so the proportion will continue to rise in the future.
Figure 1: R & D expenditure and its share of GDP in the whole country (Unit: trillion,%)
Source: National Bureau of Statistics Prospect Industry Research Institute
Second, the State Key Laboratory takes the lead in developing China's science and technology
More importantly, innovation and technological development are inseparable from the development of laboratories.In China, as an important part of the national science and technology innovation system, the State Key Laboratory relies on the construction of a legal entity and has relatively independent personnel rights and As an important part of the national science and technology innovation system, the scientific research entity with the financial right is an important base for the state to organize high-level basic research and applied basic research, gather and train outstanding scientists and carry out high-level academic exchanges. The laboratory implements the principle of "opening up and flowing , Joint, competitive 'operating mechanism.
First of all, the State Key Laboratory can gather and train excellent innovation team to provide talent base and innovation atmosphere for science and technology innovation. State Key Laboratory will be stable, attract and develop world-class talents, and accumulate solid foundation of discipline as the key to laboratory development , Which lays a solid foundation for the national science and technology innovation system and reserves a large number of outstanding talents.
Furthermore, the construction and development of the state key laboratories are jointly supported by various government departments, education departments and industrial departments, promoting the effective combination of science, technology and education, science and technology and industry, science and technology and society. This is of great importance to the overall development of science and technology in the country It is of strategic importance and far-reaching influence.It is especially important that National Laboratories has accumulated a wealth of management experience in the process of continuous exploration and practice, with distinctive research and innovation systems, including macro-management system and laboratory internal management mode , Created a culture of innovation and played a leading and exemplary role in the overall national scientific and technological innovation and promoted the formation and development of the national science and technology innovation system and became the institutional guarantee for enhancing the overall national knowledge innovation capability and participating in international competition in science and technology.
Finally, the State Key Laboratory not only pays attention to the laboratory's own research direction adjustment and the effect of scientific and technological innovation, but also takes full advantage of the features such as openness, integration and diffusion of scientific and technological innovation, closely cooperates with universities and industry in various flexible ways In the research funding, scientific research, innovative mechanisms and many other aspects of mutual benefit, synergic development, play an efficient allocation, integration of social science and technology innovation resources integration goals.First view that, precisely because of the above reasons, so the development of science and technology need to focus Development of national key laboratories, so as to promote the development of science and technology in the whole society.
Third, the basic state of our country's key laboratories
From the content of the research, at present, there are mainly three types of state key laboratories in China, namely: the State Key Laboratory of Basic Research, the State Key Laboratory of Applied Basic Research, the Basic Research of Engineering Science The main state laboratory of the three main characteristics of the laboratory are as follows:
Figure 2: Divided by Type of Research State Key Laboratory and Key Features
Source: Prospect Industrial Research Institute finishing
From the perspective of construction mode, there are currently 8 types of construction methods for the state key laboratories, namely: construction of a single research institute, construction of a university, transformation of institutions, state key laboratories for enterprise construction, and key experiments co-constructed by more than two institutions room.
Figure 3: The type of state key laboratory according to the construction mode
Source: Prospect Industrial Research Institute finishing
From the main operation point of view, the State Council department (industry) or provincial and municipal science and technology management department is the administrative department, laboratory relying mainly on the Institute of CAS Institutes, key universities as the main body; in addition there are enterprises (central enterprises as the main ) State Key Laboratory of Enterprise, which is conducive to promoting enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation, enhance their capability of independent innovation and improve their core competitiveness .In order to further improve the construction of the state key laboratories, the Ministry of Science and Technology through the construction of the provincial Ministry of Construction A number of provincial and state key laboratories have been jointly established to strengthen the integration of resources between the central and local governments and to intensify innovation-driven efforts to promote regional economic and social development. All types of laboratories classified by operating subjects are summarized as follows:
Figure 4: According to the operation of the main sub-national key laboratory types and profiles
Source: Prospect Industrial Research Institute finishing
State Key Laboratory funding mainly includes construction funds and research funding, construction funds mainly used for laboratory construction, decoration and purchase equipment And renovation, research funding is mainly used for scientific research.China's state key laboratory construction funding comes mainly from four aspects: the state funding, departmental funding, self-financing and other.From the visible, the construction of China's State Key Laboratory funding is through Raised from a variety of channels.
Figure 5: National Key Laboratory funding sources
Source: Prospect Industrial Research Institute finishing
The above data and analysis are from the forward looking Industrial Research Institute "2018-2023 State Key Laboratory of China's construction of the development and operation of management innovation analysis report."
