Core view:
1. Market: At the beginning of the automobile industry, many auto makers independently produce parts. After the industry is mature, the specialized division of labor leads to the separation of standardized parts enterprises from the vehicle companies. Representatives include Faurecia from Peugeot Citroen Group Separation, Delphi separated from General Motors Group, Denso from Toyota Group, separated from Hyundai Mobis, more convenient to other OEM suppliers.
2. Industry: Up to now, OEMs have basically determined the four major processes of stamping, welding, painting and final assembly. The other parts are basically not produced. The main reason is that the tire, glass and other parts are all standard parts , There is a strong versatility and economies of scale, third-party production easier to control costs, if the OEMs own production, it is theoretically difficult to supply other car manufacturers.
3. Technology: The core technology of OEMs is system matching and vehicle tuning. The evaluation criteria and system of components and parts, cost control and innovation are not standard component technologies.
With the VDA and the national standard has been promulgated, batteries tend to be more standardized in the future, and Pack is closely related to the design of the vehicle is non-standardized;
From a technical point of view, Pack requires the mechanical, electrical and electronic technology and vehicle OEM has versatility, but batteries need electrochemical technology and the OEM is not strong correlation.
4.Investment: Globally, except for Tesla and BYD, there are no OEMs producing their batteries themselves. BYD has begun to split the battery sector. Tesla is actually a joint venture with Matsushita to produce batteries.
In contrast with batteries, the "Regulations on Enterprise Management of a New Pure Electric Passenger Car" require mastering the integrated technology of power battery systems. Major car companies are making intensive efforts in the pack industry, including Benz's largest Pack factory in Europe and a Beijing Pack factory jointly with Beiqi, BMW Brilliance build Pack factory in Shenyang, SAIC GM in Shanghai to build Pack factory, SAIC and Ningde joint venture to build Pack factory and so on.
Whether the vehicle manufacturers should develop batteries, from the market, industry, technology, three aspects of analysis.
First, the market
Standardization of auto parts are not manufactured by OEMs, mainly because they can reduce the capital risk of OEMs, improve work efficiency, reduce cost, control quality and enhance product capabilities.
For a car, 80% of the whole car is not a brand-owned car maker, why auto companies do not produce all the parts of the car?
What car manufacturers produce?
First to talk about what the car manufacturers to produce, we know what parts or work car manufacturers do not produce or do.Most of the factory for the car to mention the main design requirements, contact suppliers, the reliability of the car, safety Sexual test, the need to adjust the training of parts and components. Production mainly the production of sheet metal parts, some plastic parts, some rubber parts, and welding and coating and assembly of all parts, the final automotive test. Fewer car manufacturers have the ability to produce engines, transmissions and suspension systems.
Many car manufacturers even car engineering, modeling and even software calibration and engine, transmission are done by other companies, not to mention airbags, seats, steering wheel and air-conditioning systems, car keys and so on small parts. So car manufacturers such Because there is no ability to do this or is it in other respects have their own ideas?
Reduce corporate capital risk
The first reason that all businesses do this is to help reduce the capital cost of a business and to do so is also best for the health of a company's capital because it is a huge undertaking from the car design to the production to the final market, For enterprises, the more links involved, the more capital invested, the greater the overall risk. Once there is a problem in one link, the more capitals will be needed to solve the problem. As a result, once the capital chain is tight or broken, the whole industry will face great risks.
That is, the longer the so-called pull the war, the greater the risk.China's auto companies before they have suffered a loss, that the perfect business will have everything, and finally even the company's own hospitals, schools are involved, and parts Most of them are their own production.The final result is that if it is not a strong state aid, the business may have long been closed down.And now the auto companies in order to increase their ability to resist risks, are doing relatively small but fine company, so regardless For what kind of events, all-day anti-risk ability are strong, it will reduce the overall corporate capital risk.
There is another point about the need to recall a car in large areas if safety, emissions, national regulations are designed for certain problems, and if the parts were made by a car manufacturer then all the recalls would bring about a huge Costs and reparation need to be borne by the auto maker, and for a lot of big problems caused by the huge cost of recall, it is very fatal for the enterprise.If it is a problem of supplier parts, then the cost of the entire recall will be from suppliers And businesses together, this situation will effectively reduce the corporate capital risk.
Increase work efficiency
Another benefit of using vendor and outsourced design is that you can actually improve your productivity: There are a large number of people in the automotive industry, and economically speaking, this type of business generates a large internal digest, so if you use a business Internal design, auditing the internal friction is quite large, the overall progress will be delayed because of the various stages of the disconnect, so most of the automotive companies use outsourcing design, its only responsible for the audit approach, it will greatly enhance the work efficiency.
cut costs
For production, the benefits of using suppliers there is a very important point that can reduce costs because their production needs to purchase a large number of production equipment, plant construction, recruit people, management and so a series of work, but also because of the current auto companies Production models are more, so the use of each of the components are very small.
One of the characteristics of modern industry is that the cost will decrease with the increase of the total number of parts and components. Simply put, if the cost of producing one piece of plastic parts is 0.5 yuan, then the cost of producing one million pieces May be 0.1 yuan.And for the whole car, such a cost reduction is very objective.While the supplier is specialized in producing a certain parts and components, naturally received more orders, and for the venue, Equipment investment does not need to start from scratch, so the way suppliers suppliers than their own production costs will be much lower.
Is conducive to control the quality
Another benefit of using a supplier is to facilitate quality control.If the parts are produced by their own manufacturers, then there is a situation where the production department will force the design department to either introduce new equipment or to change the design , Reducing the difficulty of production.This naturally does not help control the quality, and internal quality control is also very difficult to cooperate with the company comparable.
The use of suppliers is easier, because as long as the request can be, if this supplier can not meet or the price is too high, then change a supplier can be and suppliers to overcome the degree of difficulty than the business sector In addition, the quality control of enterprises can also be stationed in the supplier's business quality control, and regular checks to monitor the quality of suppliers, this need manpower, financial resources are also very small, so the supplier supply The approach is more conducive to controlling quality than the larger ones.
Improve the strength of automotive products
The last point of using a supplier or design outsourcing benefits is that you can quickly and effectively improve the product of the car.At the right time to give the right people is the right choice, surgery specializing in. Upgrading R & D, whether it is technology or materials, specializing in one or a few of the suppliers in the height of technology and the speed of continuous change will be much better than those who do anything.
Specialized division of labor led to the separation of auto parts enterprises, Faurecia from Peugeot Citroen Group, Delphi separated from General Motors, Denso Denso from Toyota Group, Mobis Mobis from Hyundai.
The automotive parts industry is the basis for the development of the automotive industry.With the globalization of the world economy and the development of market integration, major trends in global investment such as investment, production, procurement, sales and after-sales service, research and development With the intensification of market competition, the world's major vehicle manufacturers have to reform the supply system, the implementation of global production and procurement strategies, and eventually led to the auto parts manufacturing stripped out from the vehicle manufacturing, independent of the market situation. The stripping of car manufacturers and auto parts suppliers has enhanced their specialized division of labor and the involvement of auto parts suppliers in vehicle development and production has also deepened.
Taking well-known foreign parts manufacturers as an example, Faurecia is separated from PSA Peugeot Citroën Group, Delphi is separated from GM Group, Denso Denso is separated from Toyota Group, and Mobis Mobis is separated from Hyundai-Kia Group.
Second, the industry
Over the past century, the OEMs have identified four major processes of stamping, welding, painting and final assembly. Most of the other parts are not manufactured. The main reason is that the tire, glass and other parts are standard parts and have strong versatility And economies of scale, third-party production easier to control costs, if the OEMs own production, it is theoretically difficult to supply other car manufacturers.
1. Stamping process:
Stamping is the first step in all processes, cutting the steel plate to the proper size on the cutting machine, which is usually done with punching, trimming and the like and then into the real stamping process. Each work piece has a Mold, as long as a variety of molds loaded into the stamping machine can punch out a wide range of workpieces, the role of the mold is very large, the quality of the mold directly determines the quality of the workpiece.
2. Welding process:
Stamping of the body panels locally heated or heated, pressurized and joined together to form the body assembly in the manufacture of automobile body is the most widely used spot welding, welding quality directly affects the strength of the body.
3 coating process:
Coating has two important effects, the first anti-corrosion, the second increase in appearance. Painting process is more complex, relatively high technical requirements. Mainly the following processes: Pre-treatment and primer paint, spray paint technology, drying technology , The entire process requires a lot of chemical treatment and fine control of process parameters, the paint material and the processing equipment are very demanding.
4 assembly process:
Assembly is the body, engine, transmission, dashboard, lights, seats and other parts assembled together.At the level of assembly technology directly affects the performance of the car, we will see that some cars pull the gold seam more evenly, And some cars pull uneven gold seam, which are related to the assembly process is relatively large.
The modular uniting of the rise of the late 90s of the 20th century, ie, the adoption of modular assembly mode, simplifies the assembly line assembly process, shortens the production line and greatly reduces the cost.General assembly shop has four main modules, , Dashboard assembly module, lamp assembly module, chassis assembly module.After the module assembly and the installation of various components and then through the wheel positioning, lamp inspection and other inspection and adjustment of the entire car can be off the assembly line.
Third, technology
The core technology of the OEMs is system matching and vehicle tuning, component evaluation standards and systems, cost control and innovation capability, and it is neither necessary nor economical for them to produce standardized components.
According to incomplete statistics, a car is made up of about 10,000 non-detachable parts, each of which needs someone to design and manufacture. Currently, OEMs outsource most of their parts to parts suppliers. Purchasing components from different fields, such as tires, seats, brakes, gauges, etc. means that OEMs are not really aware of some parts and systems, at least not as good as suppliers.
Think about it, the electronic system has Bosch, Denso, Delphi; built-in parts Johnson, Lear, Visteon, Faurecia; transmission system Borg Warner, Schaeffler, universal, SKF; Chassis TRW , The mainland, Tenneco; tire Michelin, Bridgestone, Goodyear; transmission has Aisin, ZF, Gertrack, Garter; even known as the heart of the car engine, most of its components Pistons, connecting rods, electric control system) are provided by the Federal-Mogul, Magna, Mitsubishi ... ... what can be regarded as the core technology of the OEM?
As a OEM, the most important task is to integrate resources, and its core technologies should include the following four aspects:
1. System matching and vehicle matching capabilities
Including: Chassis adjustment, engine calibration, NVH performance, safety performance, such as vehicle key performance.For example, suppliers can produce a variety of springs, all kinds of damping shock absorber, various strength swing arm, but only OEMs can rely on these parts to match the new model suitable suspension system; another example, a good suspension system with good performance, the steering system is also very good, loaded into the vehicle on both systems can play a good performance , And will not interfere with exercise, which can reflect the level of the core technology of the host plant.
2. Improve the comprehensive evaluation criteria and system
Including the evaluation of suppliers, the evaluation of parts performance, the evaluation of vehicle performance.As a host factory, you can not understand the parts of the material, you can not understand the parts processing technology, but must not know the performance requirements of the parts. Similarly, when the sample or sample car is made, its performance needs to be evaluated, whether it is NG or OK, which tests whether a main engine factory has sufficient technical accumulation and whether it can formulate a comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation system And standards.Once the standards set low, product quality, but off, may have product problems; standards set high, costs rise sharply, the product loses its price competitiveness.
3. The ability to control costs.
There are a lot of cost control technologies are regarded as masterpieces, including: Ford's introduction of pipeline production technology, platform sharing technology, parts sharing technology, simulation technology, etc. In the current technology convergence and price competition in the market, master the cost control technology , Apparently has a core competitiveness.
In addition to driving down costs through a series of value-engineering activities, one of the more important tasks for the OEMs is to allocate costs to individual systems and components so that costs are where consumers really care and pay attention Spent on the knife, which can be recognized by the market and consumers.
4. The ability to innovate.
Look at the cell phone overlord Nokia is how to be ruined, you know, even if the reliability of the product is very good, but once you can not keep up with technological development and social trends, sooner or later will be eliminated, we can see the importance of innovation.Of course, Innovation is not a good idea on the line, the key is to put good ideas into reality.
Pack is closely related to vehicle design and is a typical non-standard part. The "Regulations for the Management of New Pure Electric Passenger Vehicles" requires that the mechanical, electrical and electronic technologies required by the pack be integrated with the OEMs. Pack is expected to become the fifth largest technology of new energy vehicles, but the battery electrochemical technology and the OEM is not relevant.
On May 8, 2016, the annual production capacity of 150,000 pure electric vehicles of Changjiang Automobile Co., Ltd. was formally signed and settled in Gui'an Gui'an New District, including five advanced technologies of stamping, welding, painting, assembly and three electrical appliances.
Industry is the rise of a saying that the four major automotive technology will be history, the five major new electric car production process: stamping, welding, painting, assembly, Pack, are indispensable.
Dr. Hsu Hsin-shin, chief operating officer of Wima Motors, said that the company's internal battery pack assembly has been referred to as the fifth largest technology.The reason is that the battery pack unparalleled impact on electric vehicles, and more importantly, the state's new energy vehicles Admission requirements in the battery pack assembly, in other words, the policy stipulates that the car prices have to have Pack capability.
Jianghui new energy Meng Hui said that the traditional four major technology has not too much technical threshold, but the battery pack is different, it requires the battery, the car has a deep understanding, and in this regard, the industry is relatively blank. From the technical threshold Angle, Pack became the fifth largest electric car technology, is also reasonable.
Lu Qun, chairman of Prosperous Automotive, said that the four major processes are not necessarily the direction of automobile development, for example, the introduction of lightweight materials has brought tremendous changes in the manufacturing process.
Packets are a commonplace among car makers, and cost control and mastery of technology are certainly important, but cost and technology are by no means Pack as the core cause of EV's fifth-largest technology. There are too many parts on the car, Consider the cost and technology, it would take much manpower, material, financial and energy.Compared to the car, car is also a golden hole, but the car prices still choose the dealer system, the profit sharing out.
In fact, the car-oriented Pack, or sentence, professional people to do professional things, and policies also require the car must have the ability Pack. In fact, the best car is the structural design, mechanical transmission, parts integration, and Pack Exactly the same.For the Pack, the car prices not only do, but also very good at doing.More importantly, the design of the battery box, to a great extent affect the vehicle structure.
With the chassis integration represented by Tesla has become the mainstream trend, the battery structure and vehicle design have been inseparable.In other words, the future of the battery pack is part of the vehicle design from this point of view, Pack To become the fifth largest electric car technology is understandable.
