Peking University: Study on New Principle of Asymmetric Micro - cavity Light Field Control
Momentum conservation is one of the objective laws in nature, and the generalized momentum of a closed system always remains unchanged.Cong Qihuang Huang, Fellow of Extreme Optical Innovation Research Group, Peking University, and Xiao Yunfeng, a researcher at Peking University, propose chaos-aided photons in asymmetric optical microcavities The new principle of momentum transfer has realized the efficient and ultra-wide-spectrum optical coupling of optical microcavity, which has broken the rotational symmetry of space and controlled the local optical field, thus obtaining the quasi-super-wideband optical coupling Continuous chaos mode.
Interpretation of experts:
As one of the main physical systems that enhance the interaction between light and matter, the direct coupling between the optical microcavity and the external light field needs to satisfy the momentum matching condition, but it is often achieved only in the narrow spectral range, which makes the micro-cavity broadband photophysics and applications be faced Challenge The team used the nonlinear Kerr effect of optical modulation to experimentally observe the spontaneous symmetry breakage of the micro-cavity light field for the first time and obtain the micro-cavity chiral light field, which indicates that the micro-cavity optical study in our country has reached A new height. (Professor Gong Qihuang Peking University)
Peking University: 5 nanometer carbon nanotube CMOS device
Peking University Department of Electronics Professor Peng Lianchao team made significant breakthroughs in the carbon nanotube CMOS device physics and preparation techniques, explore the performance limits and so on, to give up the traditional doping process, by controlling the electrode material to control the polarity of the transistor, inhibit short ditch For the first time, a 5 nanometer gate length high performance carbon nanotube transistor is achieved. Its performance surpasses that of the best silicon-based transistor at present, approaching the physical limit determined by the quantum mechanics principle and is expected to advance the CMOS technology to the technology node below 3 nanometers.
Interpretation of experts:
Chip is the foundation and driving force of the information age, the existing CMOS technology will touch its limit.Carbon nanotube transistor is expected to provide higher performance and lower power consumption, and easier to achieve three-dimensional integration, the overall system-level advantages will be up to Thousands of times. "Carbon nanotube transistors are evaluated as' working at three times the speed of Intel's state-of-the-art 14-nanometer commercial silicon material transistors, consuming only a quarter of their energy. '' That means Chinese scientists are expected to be technically on chip Catch up with foreign counterparts', 'is a new milestone in the development of China's information technology.' (Peking University Department of Electronics Professor Peng Lianchao)
Guangzhou Medical University: Early intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Early symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with little or no obvious symptoms, it is easy to be overlooked and missed diagnosis, poor treatment in the late stage, mortality, rehospitalization and disability rates were higher.Guangzhou Medical University Ran Pi Xin team found for the first time inhaled anticholinergic The tiotropium drug, which can significantly improve lung function and quality of life in patients with early COPD, has developed a COPD screening technology that is in line with national conditions and provides support for early diagnosis and early intervention. It also established a community stratification Accurate and comprehensive prevention and control mode, found that reducing the exposure to biofuels smoke can reduce the risk of COPD.
Interpretation of experts:
This study, for the first time, proposes an early intervention strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .It is suggested that early-stage screening should be conducted for high-risk patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as long-term smoking, exposure to polluted air and biofuels smoke. Once diagnosed, no obvious respiratory symptoms , It is also appropriate to start smoking cessation in time to reduce the exposure to biofuels and drug treatment and other comprehensive interventions to prevent further decline in lung function and disease development and improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment of COPD. (Ran Pixin, Professor of Guangzhou Medical University)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Key Technologies and Industrialization of High Performance CNC System
Huazhong University of Science and Technology Professor Chen Jihong team 'production and research with' joint research, developed a series of high-performance CNC complete sets of products to build all-digital, open CNC system hardware and software platform; developed a multi-axis linkage, multi-channel control functions to achieve The motion control of complex trajectories is proposed. A high-speed Nano interpolation method based on flexible acceleration and deceleration is proposed to develop a high-speed, high-precision and high-stiffness drive control technology. The invention is based on the analysis of big data in instruction field, Knife monitoring, optimization of process parameters and other intelligent applications.
Interpretation of experts:
High-performance numerical control system is the basis for the development of high-end manufacturing equipment, representing the core competitiveness of the national manufacturing industry.This research results in nearly 2000 sets of applications nearly 100,000 sets to achieve high-end aerospace, energy and other fields of high-end CNC equipment and energy The batch application of weaponry and equipment provides an important technical guarantee for the autonomous control of the high-grade CNC equipment in our country.The identification, performance, performance and reliability of the China Machinery Industry Federation have reached the advanced level in foreign countries and can be substituted for the import. Manufacturing applications, domestic high-end CNC achieved a "zero breakthrough." (Huazhong University of Science and Technology Professor Chen Jihong)
Harbin Engineering University: Deep Sea High Precision Acoustic Integrated Positioning Technology
Deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic positioning is the key to human reliance on many underwater vehicles to enter the deep sea, explore the deep sea and develop the deep sea.
Under the guidance of the deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic integrated positioning system developed by Harbin Engineering University, China's 'Deep Sea Warrior' manned submersible quickly found its intended underwater target only 10 minutes deep at 3500 meters in the South China Sea on September 29, 2017, The realization of the "needle in the haystack" marks that China's deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic positioning equipment and technology have reached the international advanced level.
Interpretation of experts:
The research team tackled key technologies such as deep-sea high-precision ultra-short baseline positioning, integrated underwater short-term baseline array and integrated positioning of long baseline array of sea bottom to solve the problems of slow marine sound speed, asynchronous platform positioning with large motion delay, integrated underwater acoustic positioning System, positioning accuracy of 0.3 meters, positioning efficiency of more than 90%, to enter the world's leading ranks for China's 'deep sea warrior' manned deep sea first flight test and the most advanced scientific research ship 'science' South China Sea Scientific Investigation 2 Sub-task, laid a solid foundation of technology and equipment. (Harbin Engineering University Institute of Hydrology Professor Sun Dajun)
Harbin Institute of Technology: Two-way high-speed laser communication system technology for high-altitude orbit satellite
On April 12, 2017, the laser communication terminal developed by team leader Tan Liying of Harbin Institute of Technology launched with satellite, and the orbiting high-speed laser communication system between the satellite and the ground station in the distance of nearly 40,000 km realized uplink and downlink beams Of the precise alignment, stable maintenance, high-speed communications', the success of the highest transmission data rate of 5Gbps per second communication data transmission, real-time forwarding and storage and forwarding, is by far the highest high-orbiting satellite laser communications, the highest transmission data rate .
Interpretation of experts:
Satellite laser communication is an irreplaceable means of building a space information highway.High-altitude satellite laser communication needs to achieve high-precision acquisition between satellite and ground station, and effectively overcome the satellite movement, platform jitter, complex space environment and other factors, to maintain the laser The successful completion of the project of high-speed two-way high-speed laser communication system for high-altitude orbit has marked that China has reached the international forefront in the field of space laser communications and is another milestone in the field of satellite communications. The establishment of a high-speed backbone channel connecting the world to the world in the information network of the world has laid an important foundation for the establishment of a world-wide integrated information network in the future. (Professor Tan Liying, Harbin Institute of Technology)
Nanjing Agricultural University: 'bait model' - a new mechanism of pathogenic pathogens
Nanjing Agricultural University Wang Yuanshao team around the Phytophthora infestation plants main weapon 'effector' system of Phytophthora effector mechanism of action and found that Phytophthora in the infection process to the extracellular glycosyl hydrolase XEG1 degradation of plant cell wall, The plant secretes the protease inhibitor GIP1 to inhibit the activity of XEG1. The pathogen in turn inactivates the inactivating mutant XLP1 of hydrolase as a decoy to interfere with the defense response and cooperate with XEG1 to attack the plant disease resistance.
Interpretation of experts:
Crop blight caused by Phytophthora blight has been called "plant plague," a serious threat to global food and ecological security .At present, the disease caused by the disease in the world each year still up to 200 billion loss.Due to Phytophthora genome complexity, the lack of pathogenic mechanism Understanding and seriously restricting the development of prevention and control technology.The "bait model" discovered in this study is a new pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic bacteria and a major theoretical breakthrough in the field of biological interaction in recent years.Because the mechanism is common in pathogenic bacteria It not only has the guiding significance for improving the long-lasting disease resistance of crops, but also provides new clues for the development of new biological pesticides and has potential application in the field of crop green production. (Professor Wang Yuanchao, Plant Protection College, Nanjing Agricultural University)
Tianjin University: Eukaryotic yeast long chromosomal chemical recycling
Yuan Yingjin of Tianjin University, Yang Huanming of Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Dai Junbiao of Tsinghua University and others jointly completed the chemical full synthesis of four long yeast chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, created a multistage modular and parallel chromosome synthesis strategy, Based on this, the artificial circular chromosome was constructed and a research model was established for the current unmanageable mechanism of chromosomal ringing disease and potential therapeutic approach.
Interpretation of experts:
Genome design and synthesis provide a new idea to deepen the understanding of basic scientific issues such as life evolution, genome and function relationship, etc. However, The rapid target localization method and the genome-accurate repair technique of co-transformation of multi-target fragments solve the problem of chemical inactivation of long chromosomes and achieve the exact match of the long chromosome synthesis sequence and the designed sequence for the first time in the world. A New Idea for Deepening Understanding Basic Scientific Problems such as Evolution of Life, Relationship between Genome and Function, etc. (Professor Ying Yuanjin of Tianjin University School of Chemical Technology)
Xi'an Jiaotong University: Multi - cogeneration Technology for Hydrogen Generation from Coal by Supercritical Water Gasification
Xi'an Jiaotong University Guo Liejin team developed for coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen generation polygeneration technology large-scale engineering co-generation system integration and matching methods to solve the industrialization of the key technologies and supporting ancillary engineering technology, completed Cogeneration, hydrogen co-generation and other two major types of large-scale engineering demonstration device design, promote the cogeneration system, thermoelectric, hydrogen and other two sets of demonstration projects of the first set of construction work.
Interpretation of experts:
The technology can solve the source of emissions of SOx, NOx and other coal-fired gas pollutants and dust emissions, supercritical water, H2 and CO2 mixed product gas can be used for hydrogen production, heating, steam, Technology can naturally achieve the enrichment of CO2 and utilization of resources, can increase the coal-fired power conversion efficiency of generating units at least 5 percentage points, reduce the investment 30%, water-saving, lower operating costs Third Party Argumentative Group believes that 'the technology has Completely independent intellectual property rights, technology is feasible and economy is reasonable. "Investors believe that this technology has achieved" efficient, clean and pollution-free utilization of coal energy and will surely bring about profound changes in energy technology. Row make a significant contribution. "(Engineering thermal physics expert, Xi'an Jiaotong University Professor Guo Liejin)
Zhejiang University: High Speed Railway Train Operation Power Effect Test System (iHSRT)
Professor Chen Yunmin led by Prof. Xue-Cheng Hsiao of Zhejiang University invented the world's first high-speed railway train running power effect test device, which converts the train running load into a vertical dynamic load acting on a series of sleepers. Through precise control The loading phase difference of adjacent exciter can realize the loading of subgrade at high-speed moving of wheel axles.The test system consists of train loading exciter array, loading control system, full-scale line model and test system, the maximum speed reaches 360km / h
Interpretation of experts:
The vibration generated by train operation in high-speed railway can not be transmitted in time to cause shock wave phenomenon and Mach effect, resulting in excessive vibration and cyclic cumulative settlement of subgrade, affecting train safety and ride comfort. The saturated subgrade Mach effect and the pile-supported subgrade dynamic arching effect, revealing the dynamic stress amplification effect along the depth of high-speed railway embankment and the law of cumulative settlement and the mechanism of excessive settlement.Therefore, it is proposed that the cumulative subgrade settlement Evaluation, control and repair methods, and successfully applied to more than 10 high-speed rail and subway projects on soft soil foundation, has achieved significant social and economic benefits. (Zhejiang University School of Building Engineering, Professor Xue-Cheng)
Note: According to the reporting unit in alphabetical order, ranking no difference.
"China Education News" January 08, 2018 Version 7 version: Higher Education Weekly · Scientific research