Although only a few decades have passed since the advent of mobile phones, it has completely changed all aspects of our lives and even accelerated the innovation of communications technologies. It is precisely because of the rapid development of communications technology that we can now use mobile phones Watching video, playing games, making phone calls, shopping, etc.
Of course, the communication technology itself is not the way it is, and it has gone through everything from nothing to growth and development. In the process, a large number of companies and people emerged and played an important role in this process. Status of our article on the development of communications from the process to see what are the important companies and people.
At present, we will be referred to as a few G mobile communication technology, such as we are currently using 4G, is coming soon is 5G, since there are 4G, 5G, of course, there are 1G, 2G and 3G, the G is not a computer Gb The meaning, but the English word Generation 'generation', so 5G is the fifth generation of mobile communication technology.
1G is now far away from us, as far back as the era of telephone origination.1G technology for analog communication technology, it can only call, can not access the Internet, and due to technical limitations, the design uses analog modulation, FDMA And so on, so even if there is only anti-interference poor phone call, frequency reuse and system capacity is not high, often hacking and other issues, we often see in Hong Kong film boss boss 'Big Brother' Is the use of 1G technology, no longer go into details here.
Due to the shortcomings of the first generation analog communication system, people began to explore new mobile communication technologies in the late 1980s. Compared with 1G analog communication technology, 2G is a digital mobile communication system, and its formation is inseparable from the large-scale integration Circuits, microcomputers, microprocessors and digital signal processing technologies.
The second generation of mobile communication system mainly has two kinds of CDMA and GSM, among them, GSM is formed by the development of TDMA, began to put into commercial operation in 1990, has the advantages of strong anti-interference, low cost, encryption and so on.
However, after the introduction of GSM technology, a more advanced technology: CDMA was introduced immediately, while CDMA had to mention QUALCOMM, which could be described as Qualcomm CDMA technology to grow and develop, and in turn CDMA technology Qualcomm pushed the status of the world's telecommunications giant.
A technique discovered in August 1942 by Hollywood actress Hedy Lamarr and composer husband George Antheil, inspired by the musical notation, called Code Division Multiple Access, perhaps better known as the 'CDMA' name. This is a wireless communication technology developed in the spread spectrum communication technology, each call in CDMA technology will be allocated a code disrupted in the broadband spectrum range, and then reassembled at the receiving end.Many users can simultaneously Speak, and pass more conversations in the same amount of spectrum.
Because early Europe adopted GSM technology, and CDMA technology was also used in the military field at first, so few people pay close attention to CDMA technology, and the physics circles at that time can not understand CDMA technology either. Some well-known engineers and university professors even think that, Qualcomm's design concept completely contrary to the principles of physics.
But Qualcomm proved CDMA technology to be commercially viable after years of field experiments, industry demonstrations, etc. And since CDMA effectively reduces the background noise at both ends of the call, this advantage is so effective that many test users, due to lack of noise Thought it was a line into paralysis.
In 1993, CDMA was finally recognized as an industry standard and IS-95B was proposed in 1999 on the basis of the narrowband CDMA (N-CDMA) standard promulgated by the American Telecommunications Industry Association in 1995 as IS-95A.
CDMA technology has many advantages, the first is the system capacity, 4-5 times larger than GSM, call quality, access rate is high, suitable for multimedia communications systems, etc. China Unicom officially opened in January 8, 2002 CDMA network And put into commercial use.
The third generation of mobile communication technology is evolved on the basis of the second generation. It is a high-speed data transmission cellular mobile communication technology. If Qualcomm in the 2G era is still a novice, then in the 3G era, Qualcomm has occupied the absolute Because of the technical principle of 3G and Qualcomm's CDMA is the same strain.
The third generation of mobile communication technology has three standards: CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA, of which the United States mainly CDMA2000, Europe WCDMA and China's TD-SCDMA, and these three standards are based on the CDMA technology developed CDMA2000, which is led by Qualcomm, is derived from the CDMA One digital standard and can be upgraded directly from the original CDMA One structure to 3G, with low construction costs.
The fourth generation of mobile communication technology is what we are currently using, there are two kinds of TD-LTE and FDD-LTE, but LTE is not recognized as the next generation wireless communication standard IMT-Advanced, LTE Advanced is therefore. The 4G networks are both LTE and LTE Advanced, while LTE Advanced is an upgrade to LTE and LTE compatible.
Speaking of LTE Advanced, you have to mention the carrier aggregation technology, the continuous development of wireless communications makes the various bands of resources continue to be used, in order to be able to provide users with a wider data pipeline carrier aggregation technology will be applied to its birth .It can be full Utilize all spectrum resources that the operator can use, and LTE Advanced theoretically supports up to 5 carrier aggregation.
Carrier aggregation technology needs to rely on two parts of support, one part for the operator network base station; the other part is the consumer's mobile phone hardware. Qualcomm is not only the first launch of carrier aggregation LTE-A chipset business, but also in other When processor makers are also rolling out PPT-enabled carrier rates and processors, Qualcomm and other carrier aggregation-related technologies are already on the horizon.
Mentioned earlier, carrier aggregation needs two parts at the same time support, part of which is mobile hardware, and mobile phone hardware core is the mobile processor platform.In the 4G era, Qualcomm's Snapdragon series processors really established its high-end chip market Shameless Dragon 800 series is synonymous with the flagship chip. Snapdragon 810 chip will be integrated then the most advanced 4G LTE Advanced Category 9 modem world, download speeds up to 450Mbps, support all the world's seven networks (LTE-FDD, LTE-TDD, WCDMA, EV-DO, CDMA 1x, TD-SCDMA and GSM / EDGE) while delivering 450 Mbps of download speed through 3 times carrier aggregation, enabling high-speed mobility Network transmission, but also improve the stability of the transmission and reduce power consumption.
Currently the latest cell phone platform from Qualcomm is the Snapdragon 845, which integrates the world's first modem supporting 4G LTE Category 18 to download up to 1.2Gbps. Carrier aggregation supports 5 20MHz carrier aggregation , But also supports such specifications as 256-QAM and 12 spatial streams.
The fifth generation of mobile communication technology is a well-deserved hot spot in the field of communications and is also the focus of competition among major companies. The future 5G will be applied to various fields such as mobile Internet, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc. The downlink speed of 5G era network theory will reach 10GB / s Give a simple example, download a 2G-size movie, just a few seconds to get, so the prospects are worth the wait.
At 5G, Qualcomm is already researching and developing. At the MWC Shanghai Mobile World Congress last year, Qualcomm officially launched its prototype 5G New Radio (NR) prototype system and test platform, enabling the realization of data rates of several gigabits per second And innovative low-latency 5G design; the 3rd World Internet Conference held in Wuzhen in November last year, Qualcomm's 'All Things Connected' 5G technology prototype selected 15 'Black Technology.' And just in the previous month of the World Internet Conference Qualcomm announced the Snapdragon X50 5G modem at the 4G / 5G Summit as the first company to launch a commercial 5G modem chipset solution.
Then this year Qualcomm is also one step ahead of rivals, the Snapdragon X50 5G modem chipset successful in the 28GHz millimeter band to achieve a 5G data connection, and also shows the first 5G smart phone reference design, causing no small sensation in the industry.
There is a word 'millimeter wave' here may not be very familiar with you. 5G will undoubtedly greatly improve the transfer rate, and improve the transmission rate to improve the spectrum utilization and increase the bandwidth of the two methods to directly improve the spectrum utilization too much, Generally, the method of increasing the bandwidth of the spectrum is selected, but the ensuing problem is that the commonly used frequency band below 5 GHz is scarce, and the millimeter wave is on the scene. The millimeter wave wavelength is 1-10 mm and the frequency is about 30 GHz-300 GHz. Bands 28GHz and 60GHz bands are most promising for use in 5G, the two corresponding spectrum bandwidth of 1GHz and 2GHz, respectively, and 4G-LTE available spectrum bandwidth of only 100MHz, the bandwidth is equivalent to 4G 10 times the transmission rate will naturally Great improvement.
At this time, the problem arises again, the millimeter wave wavelength determines the frequency band is only suitable for short-range data transmission, when the distance is very easy to decay.Therefore, in the design of the new 5G air interface to consider a variety of situations, to meet a variety of Requirements Qualcomm's approach is to achieve millimeter-wave mobility, which requires intelligent beamforming and beam-tracking algorithms, integration of LTE and 5G below 6GHz, coordinated timing interference management, and dynamic gNodeB selection In a test conducted by Qualcomm, they put the prototype millimeter-wave device on a moving car and tested it. From the results of the experiments, the mobile millimeter waves in real-world environments exhibit NLOS Powerful and robust mobility.
But we also know that 5G is not just millimeter-wave. Just a few days ago, the world's first 5G standard was officially released, the main is for the non-millimeter-wave band.
From 2G and 3G to the current 4G and the upcoming 5G, it is fair to say that Qualcomm grew up step by step with the development of mobile communications technology and has not only become one of the leaders in the development of many communications standards, A new opportunity, 5G has a huge space for development and unlimited imagination, with the release of Qualcomm's first 5G prototype reference machine, the 5G era is really not far off.
Although only a few decades have passed since the advent of mobile phones, it has completely changed all aspects of our lives and even accelerated the innovation of communications technologies. It is precisely because of the rapid development of communications technology that we can now use mobile phones Watching video, playing games, making phone calls, shopping, etc.
Of course, the communication technology itself is not the way it is, and it has gone through everything from nothing to growth and development. In the process, a large number of companies and people emerged and played an important role in this process. Status of our article on the development of communications from the process to see what are the important companies and people.
At present, we will be referred to as a few G mobile communication technology, such as we are currently using 4G, is coming soon is 5G, since there are 4G, 5G, of course, there are 1G, 2G and 3G, the G is not a computer Gb The meaning, but the English word Generation 'generation', so 5G is the fifth generation of mobile communication technology.
1G is now far away from us, as far back as the era of telephone origination.1G technology for analog communication technology, it can only call, can not access the Internet, and due to technical limitations, the design uses analog modulation, FDMA And so on, so even if there is only anti-interference poor phone call, frequency reuse and system capacity is not high, often hacking and other issues, we often see in Hong Kong film boss boss 'Big Brother' Is the use of 1G technology, no longer go into details here.
Due to the shortcomings of the first generation analog communication system, people began to explore new mobile communication technologies in the late 1980s. Compared with 1G analog communication technology, 2G is a digital mobile communication system, and its formation is inseparable from the large-scale integration Circuits, microcomputers, microprocessors and digital signal processing technologies.
The second generation of mobile communication system mainly has two kinds of CDMA and GSM, among them, GSM is formed by the development of TDMA, began to put into commercial operation in 1990, has the advantages of strong anti-interference, low cost, encryption and so on.
However, after the introduction of GSM technology, a more advanced technology: CDMA was introduced immediately, while CDMA had to mention QUALCOMM, which could be described as Qualcomm CDMA technology to grow and develop, and in turn CDMA technology Qualcomm pushed the status of the world's telecommunications giant.
A technique discovered in August 1942 by Hollywood actress Hedy Lamarr and composer husband George Antheil, inspired by the musical notation, called Code Division Multiple Access, perhaps better known as the 'CDMA' name. This is a wireless communication technology developed in the spread spectrum communication technology, each call in CDMA technology will be allocated a code disrupted in the broadband spectrum range, and then reassembled at the receiving end.Many users can simultaneously Speak, and pass more conversations in the same amount of spectrum.
Because early Europe adopted GSM technology, and CDMA technology was also used in the military field at first, so few people pay close attention to CDMA technology, and the physics circles at that time can not understand CDMA technology either. Some well-known engineers and university professors even think that, Qualcomm's design concept completely contrary to the principles of physics.
But Qualcomm proved CDMA technology to be commercially viable after years of field experiments, industry demonstrations, etc. And since CDMA effectively reduces the background noise at both ends of the call, this advantage is so effective that many test users, due to lack of noise Thought it was a line into paralysis.
In 1993, CDMA was finally recognized as an industry standard and IS-95B was proposed in 1999 on the basis of the narrowband CDMA (N-CDMA) standard promulgated by the American Telecommunications Industry Association in 1995 as IS-95A.
CDMA technology has many advantages, the first is the system capacity, 4-5 times larger than GSM, call quality, access rate is high, suitable for multimedia communications systems, etc. China Unicom officially opened in January 8, 2002 CDMA network And put into commercial use.
The third generation of mobile communication technology is evolved on the basis of the second generation. It is a high-speed data transmission cellular mobile communication technology. If Qualcomm in the 2G era is still a novice, then in the 3G era, Qualcomm has occupied the absolute Because of the technical principle of 3G and Qualcomm's CDMA is the same strain.
The third generation of mobile communication technology has three standards: CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA, of which the United States mainly CDMA2000, Europe WCDMA and China's TD-SCDMA, and these three standards are based on the CDMA technology developed CDMA2000, which is led by Qualcomm, is derived from the CDMA One digital standard and can be upgraded directly from the original CDMA One structure to 3G, with low construction costs.
The fourth generation of mobile communication technology is what we are currently using, there are two kinds of TD-LTE and FDD-LTE, but LTE is not recognized as the next generation wireless communication standard IMT-Advanced, LTE Advanced is therefore. The 4G networks are both LTE and LTE Advanced, while LTE Advanced is an upgrade to LTE and LTE compatible.
Speaking of LTE Advanced, you have to mention the carrier aggregation technology, the continuous development of wireless communications makes the various bands of resources continue to be used, in order to be able to provide users with a wider data pipeline carrier aggregation technology will be applied to its birth .It can be full Utilize all spectrum resources that the operator can use, and LTE Advanced theoretically supports up to 5 carrier aggregation.
Carrier aggregation technology needs to rely on two parts of support, one part for the operator network base station; the other part is the consumer's mobile phone hardware. Qualcomm is not only the first LTE-A chipset enterprises to support carrier aggregation, but also in other When processor makers are also rolling out PPT-enabled carrier rates and processors, Qualcomm and other carrier aggregation-related technologies are already on the horizon.
Mentioned earlier, carrier aggregation needs two parts at the same time support, part of which is mobile hardware, and mobile phone hardware core is the mobile processor platform.In the 4G era, Qualcomm's Snapdragon series processors really established its high-end chip market Shameless Dragon 800 series is synonymous with the flagship chip. Snapdragon 810 chip will be integrated then the most advanced 4G LTE Advanced Category 9 modem world, download speeds up to 450Mbps, support all the world's seven networks (LTE-FDD, LTE-TDD, WCDMA, EV-DO, CDMA 1x, TD-SCDMA and GSM / EDGE) while delivering 450 Mbps of download speed through 3 times carrier aggregation, enabling high-speed mobility Network transmission, but also improve the stability of the transmission and reduce power consumption.
Currently the latest mobile platform for Qualcomm is the Snapdragon 845, which integrates the world's first modem that supports 4G LTE Category 18 to download up to 1.2Gbps. Carrier aggregation supports five 20MHz carrier aggregation , But also supports such specifications as 256-QAM and 12 spatial streams.
The fifth generation of mobile communication technology is a well-deserved hot spot in the field of communications and is also the focus of competition among major companies. The future 5G will be applied to various fields such as mobile Internet, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc. The downlink speed of 5G era network theory will reach 10GB / s Give a simple example, download a 2G-size movie, just a few seconds to get, so the prospects are worth the wait.
At 5G, Qualcomm is already researching and developing. At the MWC Shanghai Mobile World Congress last year, Qualcomm officially launched its prototype 5G New Radio (NR) prototype system and test platform, enabling the realization of data rates of several gigabits per second And innovative low-latency 5G design; the 3rd World Internet Conference held in Wuzhen in November last year, Qualcomm's 'All Things Connected' 5G technology prototype selected 15 'Black Technology.' And just in the previous month of the World Internet Conference Qualcomm announced the Snapdragon X50 5G modem at the 4G / 5G Summit as the first company to launch a commercial 5G modem chipset solution.
Then this year Qualcomm is also one step ahead of rivals, the Snapdragon X50 5G modem chipset successful in the 28GHz millimeter band to achieve a 5G data connection, and also shows the first 5G smart phone reference design, causing no small sensation in the industry.
There is a word 'millimeter wave' here may not be very familiar with you. 5G will undoubtedly greatly improve the transfer rate, and improve the transmission rate to improve the spectrum utilization and increase the bandwidth of the two methods to increase the direct spectrum utilization too much, Generally, the method of increasing the bandwidth of the spectrum is selected, but the ensuing problem is that the commonly used frequency band below 5 GHz is scarce, and the millimeter wave is on the scene. The millimeter wave wavelength is 1-10 mm and the frequency is about 30 GHz-300 GHz. Bands 28GHz and 60GHz bands are most promising for use in 5G, the two corresponding spectrum bandwidth of 1GHz and 2GHz, respectively, and 4G-LTE available spectrum bandwidth of only 100MHz, the bandwidth is equivalent to 4G 10 times the transmission rate will naturally Great improvement.
At this time, the problem arises again, the millimeter wave wavelength determines the frequency band is only suitable for short-range data transmission, when the distance is very easy to decay.Therefore, in the design of the new 5G air interface to consider a variety of situations to meet a variety of Requirements Qualcomm's approach is to achieve millimeter-wave mobility, which requires intelligent beamforming and beam-tracking algorithms, integration of LTE and 5G below 6GHz, coordinated timing interference management, and dynamic gNodeB selection In a test conducted by Qualcomm, they put the prototype millimeter-wave device on a moving car and tested it. From the results of the experiments, the mobile millimeter waves in real-world environments exhibit NLOS Powerful and robust mobility.
But we also know that 5G is not just millimeter-wave. Just a few days ago, the world's first 5G standard was officially released, the main is for the non-millimeter-wave band.
From 2G and 3G to the current 4G and the upcoming 5G, it is fair to say that Qualcomm grew up step by step with the development of mobile communications technology and has not only become one of the leaders in the development of many communications standards, A new opportunity, 5G has a huge space for development and unlimited imagination, with the release of Qualcomm's first 5G prototype reference machine, the 5G era is really not far off.
