3GPP is what organization | Why 5G standard can not do without it

3GPP has always been in the hearts of people is a mysterious organization, many users for its understanding and cognition, can not tell, unknown .Recent reports on the 5G network, have stated that the '5G network' standard is' 3GPP ', Then what kind of organization is it in the end? I will not sell it off and unveil its mysterious veil together.

'3GPP' organization established the ins and outs

In the 1980s, telephones began to become popular, and people only used analog, voice-only cellular standards called "the first generation of mobile technology," also known as '1G', on behalf of the device is a big brother, only Can call

People in the process of data transmission found that too much data is difficult to spend too much time in the dissemination process, Europeans envy, the time is divided into periodic frames (Frame), each frame and then divided Into a number of time slots to send signals to the base station, this technology is called time division multiple access (TDMA), based on this technology, Europeans developed the second generation of communication technology, also known as'GSM (Global System For Mobile Communications) ', commonly known as 2G, China started to deploy GSM network around 1995.

By the middle of the 20th century, when the second generation communication technology was in use for some time, a U.S. woman named Heidi Rama (who was also a famous film and television actress) invented a new communication technology based on time division multiple access: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA ), And time division multiple access is different is that it is based on the information coding sequence to split into a number of code to send signals to the base station, known as 2.5 generation mobile communication technology.

China Mobile and then Netcom chose the mainstream GSM network process, and CDMA was first introduced into China by China Telecom, and with paragraph 133 into the market, and later in 2008 the telecommunications industry restructuring, the original Netcom and China Unicom merged into the new Unicom, China Unicom's CDMA network business and section 133 are placed under the telecom. Therefore, currently on the market of CDMA network card and mobile phone support CDMA network are telecommunications.

GSM and CDMA, one is Split time , one is Split coding , Hard to say which process is better, can only say that each has its advantages and disadvantages.

Driven by the 2G network process, the Internet has grown in popularity and all kinds of digital products such as mobile devices and desktop computers suddenly flock to the sky. Consumers have felt the benefits of second-generation mobile communication technologies and are increasingly looking to the third generation 3G) The arrival of communication technology.

The global popularity of network processes, making people more and more dependent on the 'wireless Internet' concept is: To define a complete end-to-end system specification, to ensure compliance with industry requirements, seamless interoperability among different vendors and to provide mobile with the necessary global scale , And also to achieve GSM The need for a smooth transition from 2G networks to 3G networks creates an organization that, if you compare global wireless communications to a village, is definitely the village head of the village, and it allows you to 'land' you What does it take to grow it? How tall is your 'crop?' Your crop must grow so tall, or I'm sorry, you do not belong to this generation of communication technology standard , This organization is 3GPP (note, 3GPP is to achieve the establishment of GSM evolution.)

When the establishment of the 3GPP, all countries are discussing who the boss is appropriate, when the boss Shuang ah, have the right to speak, however, each generation Mobile communications technology innovation is not an individual company to complete, it is designed to base station construction, manufacturing process matching chips, from which the technology research and development, using what kind of frequency, the use of the number of bands, etc., after all, the global user wireless Internet problems Finally, under discussion, several countries in the world have an important position or role in the field of communications operators, as a member of the 3GPP, has invited a total of seven big guys, they are: Japan's Association of Wireless Industries and Commerce ARIB, CCSA, ATIS, Japan Telecommunications Technology Committee (TTC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Indian Telecommunications Standards Development Association (TSDSI), Korea Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA).

With the organization is a good thing to do, under the auspices of the 3GPP to achieve the third generation of mobile communication technology (3G) W-CDMA technology, TD-CDMA technology popularization.

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3GPP is to create Europeans to create the evolution of GSM, the United States that the United States actress to create the CDMA can give up? No, we also have to create a North American! The second year in 1999, the North American joint chip giant Qualcomm created a 3GPP2, And 3GPP have a certain competitive relationship, but afterward, Qualcomm gave up the CDMA to 4G evolution route, 3GPP2 also gradually marginalized, it touches on the 3GPP has gradually expanded to the LTE (Long Term Evolution, long-term evolution), which is 4G Large operators have developed two TD-LTE and FDD-LTE processes, 'Mayor' 3GPP came out, saying that your process does not meet my standards, LTE only 3.9G, you do not call 4G, which makes the operator very Embarrassed, and finally rounding, 3.9G called 4G! It has been called by 4G, in fact, has not been recognized by the 3GPP, the domestic 4G network is only 3GPP 3.9G standard.

Later, operators helplessly, according to 3GPP standard 4G for the introduction of an upgraded version of LTE Advanced, which meets the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union of 4G until later LTE-A is called 4G.

Time flies, and in 2017, 3GPP has expanded and is membership-driven since its inception in 1998, involving much of the work and collaboration of hundreds of companies, including network operators, end-manufacturers, chipmakers, and infrastructure manufacturers Academics, research institutes, and government agencies have accumulated more than 6,000 participants in the 2017 conference. Good guys, amazing.

For the future of the fifth generation of communication technology (commonly known as 5G), 3GPP in advance to play good vaccination, told the bottom of the wireless network-related companies that you have to develop in accordance with my request 5G, or else I still do not recognize. Say 'what request?' 3GPP said, 5G must increase the speed and reduce the delay , And provides that 5G network user experience transmission rate at least meet the 100Mbps (12.5M / s) download speed, 50Mbps (6.25M / s) upload speed, the network delay time of not more than 4 milliseconds, and at a speed of 500 kilometers per hour high-speed train Can also maintain a stable network connection.

The bottom of the public companies have agreed, and promised to be implemented in place.

The fourth generation of mobile communication technology, do not obey! Do not recognize the standard also out of gas 3GPP is not light, close to 5G era well rectification rectification you, 3GPP also requested, 5G wireless network era can not only involve data services and voice services, Extend the mobile ecosystem to include wireless backhaul, ULL, UAV and other business-critical services, digital television broadcasting, automotive services, M2M / loT services and more.

And defines three scenes: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC , Corresponding to the area you want to be involved.

3GPP regards '5G' as a major reform and has five major innovations!

Public companies said: 'OK, you are the head, you say Zezheng Zezheng, say, which five major innovations.'

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The first big innovation: mmWave

Referred to the network rate, must and frequency, wavelength, and the speed of light of the three, their relationship is this:

Then see the next picture:

It is not difficult to see from the green font in the picture above that for a long time, we mainly use the medium frequency to the ultra high frequency to carry out the mobile communication. Often referred to as CDMA 800, GSM 850, is the working band 800MHz and 850MHz mean. Said that today's 4G LTE belongs to UHF and UHF.

And our country mainly use UHF. According to the formula of the first graph, the higher the frequency, the faster the lane (band) will be wider.

Well, in order to speed, the greater the frequency, because the speed of light is constant, the frequency is large means .....

It means the smaller the wavelength, the first innovative technology of 5G is coming, taking the lead in using the smaller mmWave (millimeter wave) of the current band. As far as the current situation is concerned, the 28GHz band and the 60GHz band in the millimeter band are more promising In the two bands of 5G, the use of millimeter-wave band, the spectrum bandwidth is 10 times wider than the previous generation, the transmission rate has naturally been greatly improved.

The second major innovation: Massive MIMO

The English full name of MIMO is Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, meaning "More into more ', To put it bluntly is the base station antenna more, and the ability to accept the phone has become stronger, Multi-root source antenna to send and receive multiple antenna objects to accept.

The difference between the actual picture look: the previous base station, the number of antennas is very small.

Take a look at the new Massive MIMO technology base station:

Is it a bit tall, full of 'future technology' feeling?

Careful observation of friends to ask, this 5G base station is small ah, much smaller tower shape than before. Yes! In order to further improve the coverage area of ​​5G network, 5G network will change the original macro base station to micro base station In other words, the previous signal to the central air-conditioning, a warm group of people, and now it is in accordance with the distribution of a small group of a 'low-power' air conditioning, not only radiated is greatly reduced coverage area Ye Hao, the rate also becomes faster .

The third largest innovation: Beam Management

Beam Management means Beamforming and is also a major innovation of the fifth generation mobile communication technology, which mainly changes the change of the signal transmission form.When it comes to the form of signal transmitted by the base station, it is similar to the bulb light, which is 360 To the extent that light is emitted in all directions, most of the light that is emitted is wasted to light to illuminate an area or object.

Beamforming is more powerful. It is a signal preprocessing technique based on antenna array. By adjusting the weighting coefficient of each array element in the antenna array, a beam with directivity can be generated. In general, it can change the signal Of the launch trajectory, to achieve 'point to point' targeted signal propagation.

Just give the signal launch shape 'pinch' a long shape, all admiration for the advancement of 5G communications technology.

Fourth Innovation: LDPC / Polar

As mentioned earlier, 3GPP corresponds to the areas you want to cover the three major 5G scenarios: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC.

Do not know my friends do not remember in late November 2017, Huawei's main push Polar Code (Polarization Code) program won 5G, as a control channel coding scheme, this program is 3PGG one of the three scenarios eMBB Scene, and Qualcomm-led LDPC code as the data channel encoding scheme.

According to Huawei's actual test, the Polar code can meet the requirements of ultra-high speed, low latency, and large connectivity scenarios at the same time, and can increase the frequency spectrum of a cellular network by about 10% and combine with millimeter waves to achieve a rate of 27Gbps.

For eMBB scene, with Huawei's main force, plus Qualcomm's support, I believe we can take wireless communication technology to a new level.

Fifth largest innovation: AS Layer

AS Layer is a new architecture mode compared with 4G network. It is mainly based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) -based Flexible Physical Layer (PHY), which can contain up to 5 subcarriers. The architecture can respond to faster data and responsiveness simultaneously.

Write last

Have to admit, from the advent of the first generation of mobile communications technology, doomed it will involve many levels, including the user experience, business interests, etc., and the establishment of 3GPP is not redundant, just as the country needs a government The support of the company, the company must have the management of the system, the school must have the teacher education leading, and 3GPP acts as such a role, set a good "rules", all kinds of suppliers and users to be able to progress in science and technology.

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