The annual selection activity has been held 24 times so far, and the results of the selection have been widely reported by the news media. This has produced a strong response in the society so that the public can get a better understanding of the development of science and technology both at home and abroad and play an active role in publicizing and popularizing science and technology .
2017 Top Ten Science and Technology Progress News in China
1, our scientists use chemical synthesis of complete active chromosome
Our scientists synthesized 4 artificially designed Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes with chemical substances, marking a major step forward in humankind 'rebuilding life. "In this study, precise in vivo eukaryotic chromosomes were synthesized using small molecule nucleotides and the first artificial genome The result of the study was published in "Science" on March 10, 2017, and our country became the second eukaryotic genome design and construction following the United States Capacity countries since 2012. Tianjin University, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute and research institutions in the United States and other countries have jointly promoted the International Program on Yeast Genome Combinations (Sc2.0) since 2012, aiming at the artificial production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome Redesign and Chemical Regeneration The 4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes successfully synthesized by Chinese scientists account for 2/3 of the chromosomes already synthesized by Sc2.0.
2, domestic underwater glider dive 6329 meters to refresh the world record
China's independent research and development of the 'sea wing' underwater glider in March 2017 Mariana Trench Challenger Abyss to complete the deep dive mission and safe recovery, the maximum dive depth of 6329 meters, refresh the underwater glider The maximum dive depth of the world record. 'Sea wing' underwater glider is based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences Class B strategic pilot special deployment, developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang Automation, with completely independent intellectual property rights of the new underwater observation platform from the principle prototype R & D to abyss observation mission completed 13 years, including shallow sea, deep sea, abyss and other different types of underwater glider more than 20. The 'sea wing' in the Mariana Trench completed a total of 12 times Submarine work, the total length of more than 134.6 kilometers, collected a large number of high-resolution information in the abyss waters, marine scientists for the study of the hydrological characteristics of the region to provide valuable information.
3, the world's first beyond the early classical computer light quantum computer was born
May 3, 2017 China Academy of Science and Technology Pan Jianwei academician team announced the successful construction of optical quantum computer Pan Jianwei team in the multi-photon entanglement has always been to maintain the international advanced level, the team use the independent development of the international performance of the best quantum dot single photon source, The prototype of photon quantum computation for multi-photon 'Bose sampling' task is constructed by electronically controlled programmable optical quantum circuit.Experimental tests show that the prototype can be sampled at least 24000 times faster than similar experiments by international counterparts, The algorithm also runs 10 to 100 times faster than the first tube computer and the first transistor in human history.This photon quantum computer marks a breakthrough in photon-based quantum computer research in our country, Quantum computing beyond the classical computing power has laid a solid foundation.
4, domestic large aircraft C919 first flight
China's first domestic mainstream passenger plane C919 international mainstream flight at Shanghai Pudong International Airport at 5 pm on May 5, 2017. The full name of C919 is 'COMAC919' and COMAC is the main manufacturer of C919. The abbreviation of the name, 'C' is not only the first letter of 'COMAC' but also the first letter of China's English name 'CHINA', which reflects the will of the country's passenger aircraft and the expectations of the people. ', 19 implies C919 largest passenger capacity of 190. C919 has completely independent intellectual property rights, is an innovative national landmark project, bringing together the country's best designers and engineering personnel, for advanced aerodynamic layout, structure Materials and airborne systems, the researchers plan a total of 102 key technologies research, including aircraft engine integration design, fly-by-wire control system design, active control technology.
5, China's first marine natural gas hydrate trial
On May 18, 2017, for the first time in China, the successful trial of combustible ice production in the sea was completed, and the test of natural gas hydrate (also known as combustible ice) in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea achieved a steady 187-hour gas production test. This is the result of 'China Theory' Technology "and" Chinese equipment, "the Chinese people have climbed to new heights in the world's science and technology and the steady stream of natural gas is mined from the bottom of more than 200 meters under the depth of more than 1,200 meters, igniting the world's largest This is the first time in China and also the first time in the world that the exploitation of argillaceous silt type combustible ice with the proportion of more than 90% Blue Whale I started off as a trial of combustible ice, not only for our country's future energy security and optimize the energy structure is of great significance, and may even bring the world energy to replace the R & D structure changes.
6, China's 'artificial sun' device to create a new world record
National Grand Scientific Facility - Full Superconducting Tokamak Fusion Experimental Unit East Ring Superconducting (EAST) has achieved a steady 101.2 sec steady-state, long pulse, high-confinement plasma operation, setting a new world record. The research of magnetic confinement fusion in our country will continue to lead the international frontier in the field of steady-state physics and engineering.The Oriental superconducting ring is the first tokamak nucleus in the world to achieve steady state and high confinement mode with a duration of one hundred seconds Fusion experimental setup is of great scientific significance to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program.As the nuclear fusion reaction principle is similar to that of the Sun, the Oriental Super Ring is also called the 'artificial solar' and the result will be ITER Long pulse high constraint operation provides important scientific and experimental support, but also for China's next generation fusion device - China Fusion Engineering Experimental Reactor pre-research, construction, operation and personnel training laid the foundation.
7, Chinese scientists found the first breakthrough in the traditional classification of new fermions
The research team of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the first time discovered a new type of fermion-triple degenerate Fermion that broke through the traditional classification and opened up a new direction for the study of electronic topological states in solid materials. This research result was released on June 19, 2017 Published online by Nature.To find a new type of fermions is a challenging frontier scientific issue in the field of topological states in recent years and one of the focuses of international competition in this field.The discovery of the new type of fermions is based on theoretical predictions and sample preparation To the whole process of experimental observation, are independently accomplished by our scientists, it is an important breakthrough solid theory in condensed matter physics.This research results to promote people to understand the state of the electronic topology, the discovery of novel physical phenomena, the development of new electronic Devices and deep understanding of the nature of elementary particles are of great importance.
8, quantum communication 'from the ideal kingdom to the real kingdom'
On January 18, 2017, "Mo Zi", the world's first quantum science experimental satellite developed by China, was formally put into use after successfully completing the on-orbit test for 4 months. On June 16, 2017, Pan Jianwei, University of Science and Technology of China , Peng Chengzhi led the team announced that the use of 'Mo Zi' in the world took the lead in the successful implementation of a two-kilometer-class two-way entanglement of stars distributed, and on this basis to achieve a space scale strictly meet the 'Einstein Regional conditions' of quantum mechanics non-locality test.The world's first quantum secure communication trunk - 'Beijing-Shanghai Route' was officially opened on September 29. Combined with 'Mozi' satellites, the success of our scientists and Austria achieved The world's first intercontinental quantum confidential communications.Muzi No. has successfully fulfilled the three major scientific goals. With Pan Jianwei's words, the two-way quantum communication of 1000-kilometer stars has finally reached the real kingdom from the ideal kingdom.
9, Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a new high yielding rice germplasm
The rice breeding team led by Xia Xinjie researcher at the Subtropical Agriculture Ecology Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences announced on October 16, 2017 that after more than ten years of research, the team has cultivated a super-high-yielding and quality 'giant rice' The production of up to 800 kilograms, with high yield, lodging, pest resistance, resistance to flooding and other characteristics of the Ministry of Agriculture Plant Variety Testing Center DNA fingerprinting, as well as Huazhi Rice Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 56k rice SNP gene chip fingerprint detection , Confirming that 'giant rice' is a new germplasm material of rice, which has a high photosynthetic efficiency and a 50% higher biomass per unit area than the existing rice varieties, with an average of effective tillers of 40, It is a new rice germplasm material which is obtained through a series of new breeding technologies such as mutagenesis, distant hybridization of wild rice, molecular marker selective breeding and so on.
10, 'Wukong' found traces of suspected dark matter
On November 30, 2017, the first exploration results of China's dark matter particle detection satellite 'Goku' were published in Nature, and the 'Goku' measured the energy spectrum of electron cosmic rays at 1.4 terahertz (TeV) This mysterious signal was first observed by humans, meaning that Chinese scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery.If follow-up studies confirm this finding is associated with dark matter, it will be a landmark scientific achievements, human beings It would be an imaginative achievement to follow the "Goku" footsteps in search of the vast unknown beyond 5% of the universe, which may bring about a breakthrough in existing scientific theories, even if it is not related to dark matter. Small and world-leading in two key technical indicators: 'energy-electron, gamma-ray energy measurement accuracy' and 'ability to distinguish different types of particles'.
2017 Top Ten Science and Technology Progress News
1, the new sensor technology can achieve the idea of manipulating mechanical prostheses
An international team published a paper in "Nature - Biomedical Engineering," stating that with the help of sensor technology developed by them, mechanical prostheses detect electrical signals from the spinal motor neurons of the user and make the control of the prosthesis more flexible, which is comparable Control of prostheses with the idea of the technology is expected to help amputees resume more activity features.The new sensor allows the mechanical prosthesis directly detected from the motor neurons of spinal cord issued by the electrical signal than simply rely on muscle twitch to control the way, This manipulation can be more accurate, can be completed more complex movements, the practicality of mechanical prostheses, the team will be the next step of the new mechanical prosthesis for a wider range of clinical tests, after continuous improvement, this Products are expected to enter the market in the next three years.
2, DNA data storage new law came out
US scientists reported in the March 2, 2017 issue of Science that they came up with a new way of encoding data into DNA to create the highest-density, large-scale data storage solution to date In this system, 1 gram of DNA has the capacity to store 215 beats (215 million gigabytes). In principle, it can store all the human history of data in a size and weight equivalent to two small Truck container However, the technology can take off depends on the cost of DNA storage data has many advantages.It is super-compressed, and can be stored in cold and dry place for hundreds of thousands of years.At the same time as long as human society is still They read and write DNA and they can decode that information, and scientists can make a copy of the file with almost unlimited number of error-free files.
3, 'second-hand' rocket, successfully launched recycling
This is the first time in space history that NASA launched a commercial communications satellite using a refurbished 'second-hand' rocket on March 30, 2017. The main mission of the launch was to connect European satellite company SES-10 satellite to the geostationary geostationary orbit but the peculiarity is that the first stage of the 'Falcon 9' rocket delivered its cargo for the International Space Station in April 2016 and thereafter landed in a deserted Pacific Ocean On board, it is the first rocket first class successfully recovered by human beings at sea. After renovating and adding the second stage, the first stage of the rocket was transported back to the Kennedy Space Center to undertake the orbital launch again. The aim is to develop reusable launch vehicles, all of which are single-use and will reduce launch costs once they are recycled for reuse.
4, 3D printing ovaries with fertility
In a study published in the May 16, 2017 issue of Nature - Communications, U.S. scientists used artificial embryonic ovaries made of gel to make pregnant mice and give birth to healthy offspring through 3D printing technology.In this study, scientists A 3D printer with a gel-jet nozzle was used, and the gels used were derived from naturally occurring collagen in the animal's ovary, and the researchers constructed the ovaries by printing a variety of overlapping gel-fiber patterns on glass slides. Subsequently, they surgically removed the ovaries of seven mice and sutured the artificial ovaries in their place.After the mice were mated, three of the females gave birth to healthy pups, respectively But also naturally lactating, indicating that the follicle embedded in the scaffold produces a normal level of hormones that could help restore fertility to cancer survivors who are not sterile due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
5, scientists successfully gravitation for the planet weight
Science, on June 7, 2017, wrote that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity was 100 years old and that scientists have successfully used the theory to determine the quality of a white dwarf star that was not likely to have been seen by Einstein Hope of reality. "Scientists looking for a planet in such a linear arrangement among more than 5,000 stars found that the white dwarf STEIN 2051 B happened to have this perfect positioning - just before March 2014, just behind a background planet They used the Hubble telescope to observe the phenomenon and measure the microtransposition of the apparent position of the background planet, a function called the gravitational lensing effect of astrometry, which they estimated based on the measured mass of the planet About 0.675 times the mass of the sun. Measuring directly the mass of STEIN 2051 B is important for understanding the evolution of white dwarfs.
6, the world's first double-baryon found
On July 6, 2017, CERN announced that for the first time in the world, a joint effort by scientists from many countries will discover a new type of particle called bream, which will help human beings understand deeply the composition and strength of matter The Chinese team is credited with this discovery, the latest finding from the Cooperative Group for Bottom Quark Detectors (LHCb) on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Nuclear Research Center. According to reports, The bingo baryon contains two larger quarks and one upper quark with a mass of about 3621 mega-electron volts, which is almost four times the mass of protons, and the theoretical expectation is that its internal structure is quite different from that of ordinary baryons. The bottom quark detector is a nuclear Research Center One of the particle physics experimental devices on the LHC, specializing in the production and decay of heavy quark particles.
7, Chinese scientists announced the discovery of 'angel particles'
Zhang Shousheng, a Chinese scientist at Stanford University in the United States, reported in Science on July 20, 2017 that they were the first to find evidence of the presence of the Fayettemoy Majoram, a major finding that solved 80 years of troubled quantum physics Of the problem is also of great significance for quantum computing. Zhang Shousheng led the theoretical team predicted by what kind of experimental platform to find Mayiona Fermions, which experimental signals can be used as evidence; University of California, Los Angeles, He Qinglin, Wang Kanglong and Owen The experimental team led by Xia Jing, a branch of the university, worked closely with the theoretical team to find out in the experiments a class of the most basic type of Fudan Mujerla Fermi that is known as the chiral Majorana Fermion. The Italian physicist Ettore Majorana predicts that in nature there may be a special class of particles whose antiparticles are themselves, and such particles are called the Feria de Majorana.
8, Scientists use gene scissors to repair human early embryo pathogenic genes
Published in the August 2, 2017 issue of Nature, an international team used CRISPR gene editing technology to successfully repair a genetic mutation associated with hereditary heart disease in early human embryos, the first human embryo in the United States Gene editing .Hepatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the research object.This is a common single-gene disease, caused by mutations in MYBPC3 gene is one of the major causes of sudden death in young athletes.Researchers using CRISPR gene editing technology to repair This mutation in human early embryos is very directional and does not mutate at non-target sites, and the researchers report that precise gene editing techniques can also help get more healthy embryos and increase the success rate of in vitro fertilization, but research The team cautiously said that the relevant gene editing methods still need to be further optimized.
9, the birth of the world's first molecular robot
On September 20, 2017, Nature reported that scientists from the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom have developed the world's first 'molecular robot' that can receive chemical instructions and complete the basic tasks of assembling molecules. In the future, it will be used to develop drugs and design advanced manufacturing Technology and assembly of molecular assembly lines and molecular factories.Motoromolecular molecular carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and other atoms a total of only 150, the size of only one millionth of a millimeter, tens of billions of this robot piled up, and only A particle of salt, but such a tiny molecular robot has a robotic arm capable of manipulating individual molecules according to commands and building a molecular product with a robot arm. Because of its very small size, these molecular robots have many advantages that reduce material requirements, speed up drug delivery Research and development, substantially reduce energy consumption and promote product miniaturization.
10, gravity wave research has made important progress
Global multinational scientists announced on October 16, 2017 that for the first time humans would directly detect the gravitational waves from the merger of two neutron stars and simultaneously "see" the electromagnetic signals emitted by this spectacular cosmic event. The United States 'Laser Interferometric Gravity Wave Observatory' (LIGO) captured this gravitational wave signal.After 2 seconds, the United States Fermi Observatory observed the same source of gamma ray burst.This is the first time in human history using gravitational wave observatory and electromagnetic telescope while observing the same Astrophysical events mark the beginning of a new era of 'messenger' astronomy, characterized by a variety of observational modalities. On June 1, scientists claimed that the third wave of gravitational waves was detected. This result not only validated the General Relativity Theory , Which also provided clues for understanding the causes of the double black hole system. On September 27, it announced the fourth detection of gravitational waves, the first time that European and US detectors jointly found gravitational waves.