Foreign waste plastic recycling industry status, compared to China, where the advantages?
1, Japan --- to be developed, to be processed
Japan is the second largest producer and consumer of plastic in the world after the United States. Its annual output of plastic is more than 14 million tons and its consumption is nearly 10 million tons. At present, the output of plastic waste is about 9 million tons.
Japan's land area is small, densely populated, a growing number of waste plastics can no longer be incinerated or burial methods, pollution of plastic waste posed a serious threat to the living environment of Japan's mass.
On the other hand, the lack of resources in Japan, the waste plastics as a resource to be recycled, the establishment of resource-recycling society has become a top priority.
In the 1980s, Japan's average annual waste plastic emissions accounted for 46% of production.
In the early 1990's, Japan recycled waste plastics at a rate of 7% and burned thermal energy at 35%.
Japan is also a world leader in the development and application of mixed waste plastics such as the equipment developed by Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. to make various recycled products from mixed thermoplastic waste plastics containing non-plastic components up to 2% (such as waste paper) Such as bolt, drain, cable tray, shelves and so on.
2, the United States --- keen sense of smell, mature development
The United States started extensive research on the recycling of used plastics as early as the 1960s.
In the late 1980s, the waste plastics recycling rate in the United States was nearly 10%. By the end of the 20th century, the recycling rate of waste plastics was over 35%. The disposal methods also changed. The energy recovered from incineration of waste plastics increased to 18% and that from landfill to 37%.
Some achievements have been made in the utilization of thermal energy and thermal decomposition of chemical raw materials for burning waste plastics. For example, patented technology developed by EFD in the United States can recover clean plastic grade diesel oil from mixed waste plastics.
It is reported that the United States has been since the beginning of more than 1,700 renewable enterprises in order to facilitate the recovery of plastic, the United States Plastics Industry Association proposed the use of plastic types to classify the label system: 'Synthetic resin recognition code' (often translated as 'plastic material code' Or 'plastic code'.) Recyclable plastic containers will be accompanied by a triangular label surrounded by three arrows, the label will indicate the type of plastic.
3, the EU --- pattern policy, urged recycling
The 1994 Directive (94/62 / EC) on packaging and packaging wastes in Europe came into operation.
In 2000, eight countries in the EU recovered more than 50% of packaging plastic waste.
In addition, some countries have established comprehensive domestic recycling systems for waste packaging, of which 12 adopt the green dot system, meaning that the packaging producer must pay a certain fee to the recycler.
In addition, countries use the covenant system, which means that the packaging producer is responsible for recycling and disposing of waste packaging materials.
In 2014, about 26% of the plastic waste generated in the EU-28, Norway and Switzerland was effectively recycled, of which packaging accounted for the largest share of 62%.
Italy is currently the best country to recycle waste plastics in Europe.Italy waste plastic accounts for about 4% of municipal solid waste, the recovery rate of up to 28% .Italy also developed from the solid waste separation of urban waste plastics Mechanical device.
4, Asian countries --- Gradually attach importance to cultivate ideas
In recent years, other countries in Asia have also paid increasing attention to the recycling and utilization of waste plastics.
For example, the Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association has been strengthening its dialogue with federal government agencies, trade associations, non-governmental organizations, academia and relevant stakeholders in recent years to educate the public on waste separation and recycling.
With the active promotion of the Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association, the state government, which was the first to implement the 'Plastic Bag-Free Day' campaign in China, started to work with the Association to recycle the public education.
The Norwegian and Dutch systems are guaranteed by the recycling plant to buy and dispose of plastic.
5, the domestic --- policy-oriented, gradually sunny
Domestic waste plastic recycling mainly in the traditional material recovery system, assisted by manual recovery from waste or other channels, centralized and then classified, and then processing model.
Part of the low price of plastic products, resulting in lower willingness to recycle people, recycling more difficult.
The lack of detailed guidelines for the recycling of waste plastics in China, the lack of waste plastic classification of technical specifications, the lack of acquisition of waste plastics and the arrival of commodity safety requirements identified and encouraged.
All of these have led to the low level of waste plastic recycling jobs in China that has made it difficult to form a large-scale, industrialized and modern recycling company for sustainable development.
Policy guidance, recycling system slowly to the good
In 2016, MOFCOM jointly issued with the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and Supply and Marketing Cooperatives jointly issued the Opinions on Promoting the Transformation and Upgrading of Renewable Resource Recycling Industry (CIRC [2016 ] 206), promoting the new model of 'internet + recycling', encouraging the application of new sorting and processing technologies to promote the transformation and upgrading of renewable resource recycling industries.
In 2017, the five ministries and commissions such as the Joint Development and Reform Commission of the MEP issued the Circular on the Clean-up and Reorganization of the Recycling and Utilization of E-waste, Waste Tires, Waste Plastics, Disposal of Waste Electrical Appliances, etc. with the aim of accelerating domestic solid waste Recycling Industrial restructuring and upgrading.
Although China's renewable resource recycling industry, faced with some outstanding issues, such as: recycling concept has not yet been popularized, the degree of industrial intensive low, low social awareness of recycled products, recycling companies rely on the high degree of anti-risk ability is poor, However, it has still achieved considerable development in terms of continuous innovation in industrial technology development mode.
At present, the construction of solid waste recycling system in China still lags behind the demand for solid waste processing and utilization industries, with a series of innovations such as continuous improvement of modern recycling methods, improvement of handling technologies, recycling network, standardization of recycling management system and perfection of standardization With favorable policies and market guidance, the domestic waste plastics recycling industry will develop in a modern, intensive and scientific direction.